J-A09045-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
GERALD S. LEPRE :
:
Appellant : No. 1612 WDA 2017
Appeal from the Order Entered October 25, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-02-SA-0000914-2017
BEFORE: BOWES, J., DUBOW, J., and MURRAY, J.
MEMORANDUM BY MURRAY, J.: FILED MAY 09, 2018
Gerald S. Lepre (Appellant) appeals pro se from the judgment of
sentence imposed after the trial court convicted him of the summary offense
of disorderly conduct.1 We affirm.
On August 4, 2017, Appellant entered the Allegheny County Family
Court. He was accompanying his co-worker, Jessica Weiss, who was attending
a protection from abuse hearing. Allegheny County Deputy Sheriff Anthony
Fratto testified that while Appellant was in the security line, Deputy Fratto
discovered Appellant had Suboxone that was not in a prescription bottle, but
was contained in manufacturer’s “tin foil type” packaging. N.T., 10/25/17, at
4. Appellant did not have the required proof of prescription, and when
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1 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5503.
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questioned about it, he became boisterous, argumentative, and used
profanity. Id. at 5. Because there were many people in the security line,
Deputy Fratto asked Appellant to go to the sheriffs’ office to discuss the
situation, but Appellant continued acting angrily, calling the officers names
and using profanity. Once inside the sheriffs’ office, Appellant “kept going off
on” the officers and was thus taken to the “bullpen,” where “he continued to
swear and be argumentative with the deputies.” Id. In the bullpen, Appellant
kicked the door continuously until authorities took him to the courthouse jail.
Id.
The Commonwealth charged Appellant with possession of a controlled
substance and disorderly conduct. Subsequently, the Commonwealth
withdrew the possession of a controlled substance charge. The Magisterial
District Judge found Appellant guilty of disorderly conduct and imposed fines
and costs of $300.
Appellant appealed to the Court of Common Pleas, where a trial de novo
was held on October 25, 2017. Appellant appeared pro se. The
Commonwealth presented one witness, Deputy Fratto, who testified to the
above facts. Appellant called Ms. Weiss, who testified that when the sheriffs
discovered Appellant’s Suboxone, Appellant told them they could call his
doctor to verify his prescription, but one sheriff said, “I’m sorry, we don’t do
that.” Id. at 7. Ms. Weiss denied that Appellant was boisterous or loud or
used profanity. She said Appellant was not even talking to the sheriffs, but
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instead was talking calmly to her. The sheriffs then led Appellant through a
glass door to ask him questions, and Ms. Weiss went to her court hearing
alone. Id. at 8. After the hearing, Ms. Weiss returned to the security line
area, where an officer informed her that Appellant was taken to jail, and Ms.
Weiss left.
Appellant testified in his own defense and provided the following account
of events. The sheriffs found his prescription for Suboxone, and he
“explain[ed] to them nicely that it was a legal prescription” and asked them
to call his doctor to verify. Id. at 14, 16. The sheriffs nevertheless took him
to their office and closed the door, “and that’s when the confrontation took
place.” Id. at 18. Appellant explained that he was upset because he had a
legal prescription, claimed the sheriffs’ “main incentive was to take [him] to
jail,” and admitted that he said “this is screwed up” and “what, you guys don’t
have nothing better to do.” Id. at 17, 19. Appellant argued that because he
said these things “behind a locked door,” the Commonwealth failed to
establish that his conduct occurred in a public space. Id. at 19.
The trial court found Appellant guilty of disorderly conduct. The court
specifically found that Deputy Fratto was credible, Appellant was not credible,
and that Appellant’s disorderly conduct occurred in the public “rotunda area,”
of the courthouse. Id. at 22. On the same day, the court imposed a sentence
of $300 in fines and costs.
Appellant filed a timely post-trial motion, and the trial court held a
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hearing on October 31, 2017. Appellant, again appearing pro se, first argued
that the testimony that he possessed Suboxone was inflammatory, as the
Commonwealth had withdrawn the charge of possession of a controlled
substance. N.T., 10/31/17, at 4. The trial court responded that this testimony
had no bearing on its finding him guilty of disorderly conduct, and instead it
relied on Deputy Fratto’s testimony relating to Appellant’s “profanity, yelling,
disagreeable conduct, [and] holding up the [security] line.” Id. Appellant
again argued that his conduct did not occur in a public place, but the trial court
reiterated that it based the disorderly conduct conviction on his behavior in
the courthouse security line, emphasizing that it found the deputy sheriff’s
testimony credible. Appellant pointed out the trial court was essentially
discrediting his evidence, and the court explained it had properly made
credibility determinations. The court denied Appellant’s motion, and Appellant
filed a timely notice of appeal.
The trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) order directing Appellant to
“file of record and serve on the court a Concise Statement of the Errors
Complained of on the Appeal no later than 21 days.” Order, 11/6/17
(emphasis added). The date November 6, 2017 appears next to the signature
line, but the order does not bear a “filed” stamp showing the date of filing,
nor does the order appear on the copy of the docket that is included in the
record. The docket was printed on October 26, 2017 — the day after the trial
de novo — and the guilty verdict is the final entry. However, we note the first
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page of the record is a one-page index, which acts as a table of contents, and
the index states that the order was filed on November 8, 2017.
On November 17, 2017, Appellant filed a Rule 1925(b) statement; it
bears a court “filed” stamp showing the November 17, 2017 date, which was
within 21 days of both November 6 and November 8, 2017. On December 13,
2017, however, the court issued an opinion stating that Appellant failed to file
a Rule 1925(b) statement and all of his issues were waived. See
Commonwealth v. Lord, 719 A.2d 306 (Pa. 1998) (“[I]n order to preserve
their claims for appellate review, [a]ppellants must comply whenever the trial
court orders them to file a Statement of Matters Complained of on Appeal
pursuant to Rule 1925.”).
Preliminarily, we consider the trial court’s assertion that all of Appellant’s
issues are waived for failure to file a Rule 1925(b) statement. As stated above,
the certified record includes a Rule 1925(b) statement, which is stamped by
the clerk of courts as “filed” on November 17, 2017. Accordingly, it is possible
that although Appellant filed the statement with the clerk of courts, he did not
serve a copy on the trial court, as required by the Rule 1925(b) order and Rule
1925(b) itself. See Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(1) (“Appellant shall file of record the
Statement and concurrently shall serve the judge. Filing of record and service
on the judge shall be in person or by mail as provided in Pa.R.A.P. 121(a)[.]”).
Generally, the failure to serve a copy of a court-ordered Rule 1925(b)
statement on the trial court results in waiver. See Forest Highlands Cmty.
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Ass’n v. Hammer, 879 A.2d 223, 229 (Pa. Super. 2004).
However, our Supreme Court has stated:
[F]or an appellant to be subject to waiver for failing to file a timely
1925(b) statement . . . the clerk of courts has a mandatory duty
to furnish copies of the order to each party or their attorney. In
reaching this conclusion, we relied on Pa.R.Crim.P. 114 . . . , which
sets forth the obligations of the clerk of courts as follows:
Upon receipt of an order from a judge, the clerk of courts
shall immediately docket the order and record in the docket
the date it was made. The clerk shall forthwith furnish a
copy of the order, by mail or personal delivery, to each party
or attorney, and shall record in the docket the time and
manner thereof.
[Pa.R.Crim.P. 114(A)(1). T]he word “shall” in Rule 114 [is]
mandatory [and] leaves no question that the clerk’s obligations
are not discretionary.
Commonwealth v. Hess, 810 A.2d 1249, 1252-53 (Pa. 2002) (emphasis
added). In Hess, our Supreme Court held that the appellant’s untimely Rule
1925(b) statement did not result in waiver where, inter alia, the trial docket
did not indicate the date and manner of service of the court’s Rule 1925(b)
order in violation of Pa.R.Crim.P. 114. Id. at 1254-55.
As stated above, the trial court issued a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) order that
was dated November 6, 2017 (although the index states it was filed on
November 8th). The bottom of the order states:
cc: [Appellant’s name and address]
[Commonwealth attorney’s name and address]
Order, 11/6/17. In the absence of any docket entry for the order or certificate
of service, the record simply does not indicate the date or manner of service
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of the order, as required by Rule 114. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 114. We thus decline
to find waiver on the basis that the trial court did not receive a copy of the
Rule 1925(b) statement. See Hess, 810 A.2d at 1254-55. Accordingly, we
proceed to address the merits of Appellant’s issues.
Appellant presents three issues for our review:
[1.] Whether sufficient evidence existed to sustain the charge of
disorderly conduct when:
A. The alleged conduct complained of didn’t occur in a public
forum; &
B. The alleged conduct complained of served a legitimate
purpose?
[2.] Whether the corpus delicti of disorderly conduct was met?
[3.] Whether the trial court committed error, abused its discretion
and violated constitutional rights when it admitted inflammatory
evidence over repeated objection when its prejudicial effect did
not outweigh its probative value?
Appellant’s Brief at 4.
In his first issue, Appellant argues that the evidence was insufficient to
support a conviction of disorderly conduct. Appellant concedes that Deputy
Fratto testified that the disorderly conduct occurred in the public rotunda area
of the courthouse, but points to his own evidence — his and Ms. Weiss’s
testimony — that the conduct occurred in the sheriffs’ office that was not open
to the public. Appellant additionally avers that his alleged disorderly conduct
served a legitimate purpose: defending “himself and his innocence as Deputy
Fratto encroached on his freedom of action and movement by making an
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arrest — without any investigation” as to whether he had a valid prescription.
Appellant’s Brief at 11-12.
Despite Appellant’s characterization of his issue as a challenge to the
sufficiency of the evidence, his argument goes to the weight of the evidence.2
See Commonwealth v. Thompson, 106 A.3d 742, 758 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(“[A] true weight of the evidence challenge concedes that sufficient evidence
exists to sustain the verdict but questions which evidence is to be believed.”).
Our review of a trial court’s ruling on a weight claim is limited to whether the
court abused its discretion. Id. at 758.
It is well established that this Court is precluded from reweighing
the evidence and substituting our credibility determination for that
of the fact-finder. . . . “[T]he weight of the evidence is exclusively
for the finder of fact who is free to believe all, part, or none of the
evidence and to determine the credibility of the witnesses[.”]
Id. (citations omitted). Disorderly conduct is defined in part as follows:
(a) Offense defined.—A person is guilty of disorderly conduct
if, with intent to cause public inconvenience, annoyance or alarm,
or recklessly creating a risk thereof, he:
* * *
(2) makes unreasonable noise; [or]
(3) uses obscene language, or makes an obscene gesture[.]
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2 Appellant preserved a weight of the evidence claim by raising it at the post-
trial hearing. See Pa.R.Crim.P. 607(A)(3) (a claim that the verdict was
against the weight of the evidence shall be raised with the trial judge in a
motion for a new trial in a post-sentence motion); N.T., 10/31/17, at 9
(“[E]ssentially, you discredited any evidence that I put on[.]”).
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18 Pa.C.S.A. § 5503(a)(2), (3). “Under the statute, whether a defendant’s
words or acts rise to the level of disorderly conduct hinges upon whether they
cause or unjustifiably risk a public disturbance.” Commonwealth v.
Fedorek, 946 A.2d 93, 100 (Pa. 2008).
In finding Appellant guilty of disorderly conduct, the trial court credited
Deputy Fratto’s testimony that while Appellant was in the security line of the
courthouse, he yelled, used profanity, and behaved with “disagreeable
conduct.” N.T., 10/25/17, at 22; N.T., 10/31/17, at 6. The court concluded
that Appellant “became boisterous, argumentative and used profanity. The
behavior continued as [Appellant] was led into the Sheriff’s Office, and
persisted when he was taken to the bullpen and the jail.” Trial Court Opinion,
12/13/17, at 1. To succeed, Appellant’s argument would require this Court to
disregard the trial court’s credibility determinations and reweigh the testimony
in his favor. This we cannot do. See Thompson, 106 A.3d at 758.
Appellant’s additional argument — that he had a legitimate purpose for his
behavior — is waived, as he presented no such claim before the trial court.
See Pa.R.A.P. 302(a) (“Issues not raised in the lower court are waived and
cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.”). Thus, Appellant’s first issue
is meritless.
Appellant’s second issue is whether “[t]he corpus delecti of disorderly
conduct has not been met.” Appellant’s Brief at 12. He claims that Deputy
Fratto “testif[ied] on behalf of other officer[s] and the public who allegedly
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witnessed the act,” but the Commonwealth did not present any other
witnesses whom Appellant could cross-examine. Id. at 13. Appellant claims
he thus was unable to “confront [Deputy Fratto’s] hearsay evidence.” Id.
Appellant’s reliance on the corpus delecti rule is misplaced. “The corpus
delicti rule begins with the proposition that a criminal conviction may not be
based upon the extra-judicial confession of the accused unless it is
corroborated by independent evidence establishing the corpus delicti” — “the
body of the crime.” Commonwealth v. Chambliss, 847 A.2d 115, 119 (Pa.
Super. 2004). Appellant does reference a confession — and the record does
not reveal any — allegedly made by Appellant and presented at trial. To the
extent we review Appellant’s claim as a challenge to the admission of hearsay,
the factual premise of his argument is mistaken. Deputy Fratto did not, as
Appellant contends, testify to what another individual said. See Pa.R.E. 801
(“‘Hearsay’ means a statement that (1) the declarant does not make while
testifying at the current trial or hearing; and (2) a party offers in evidence to
prove the truth of the matter asserted in the statement”). Instead, the officer
testified that he attempted to question Appellant about the Suboxone, but
Appellant “became very boisterous, very argumentative, [and] used some
profanity.” N.T., 10/25/17, at 5. This second issue does not warrant relief.
In his final issue, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in allowing
evidence that he possessed a controlled substance, Suboxone. He emphasizes
that the Commonwealth withdrew its charge of possession of a controlled
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substance, and contends the evidence had no relevance and was unfairly
prejudicial.
“Questions concerning the admissibility of evidence are within ‘the
sound discretion of the trial court, and its discretion will not be reversed absent
a clear abuse of discretion.’” Thompson, 106 A.3d at 754. “Evidence that is
not relevant is not admissible.” Pa.R.E. 402. “[R]elevant evidence may . . .
be excluded ‘if its probative value is outweighed by the danger of unfair
prejudice[.’]” Commonwealth v. Owens, 929 A.2d 1187, 1190 (Pa. Super.
2007).
The evidence that Appellant possessed Suboxone was relevant to the
charge of disorderly conduct, as it explained why Deputy Fratto questioned
Appellant and why Appellant was, by his own admission, upset. N.T.,
10/25/17, at 19 (“I was pretty upset because it was a legal prescription.”).
There was no evidence that Appellant possessed it illegally; Appellant
repeatedly testified that he had a valid prescription. In any event, Appellant
was not prejudiced because, as the trial court repeatedly stated on the record,
the fact that Appellant possessed Suboxone had no bearing on the court’s
finding that Appellant’s disruptive and profanity-laden behavior constituted
disorderly conduct. N.T., 10/31/17, at 6-7. This issue also lacks merit.
In sum, as we conclude that all of Appellant’s claims are meritless, we
affirm the judgment of sentence.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
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Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 5/9/2018
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Com. v. Lepre, G.
Combined Opinion