In the Matter of A.K., A Child in Need of Services, N.K., Father v. Indiana Department of Child Services and Child Advocates, Inc. (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
FILED
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), May 24 2018, 6:24 am
this Memorandum Decision shall not be CLERK
regarded as precedent or cited before any Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
court except for the purpose of establishing and Tax Court

the defense of res judicata, collateral
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Ruth Johnson INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF
Danielle L. Gregory CHILD SERVICES
Marion County Public Defender Agency Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Indianapolis, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Robert J. Henke
Frances Barrow
Deputy Attorneys General
Indianapolis, Indiana
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE CHILD
ADVOCATES, INC.
DeDe Connor
Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In the Matter of A.K., A Child in May 24, 2018
Need of Services, Court of Appeals Case No.
49A05-1711-JC-2658
N.K., Father,
Appeal from the
Appellant-Respondent, Marion Superior Court
v. The Honorable
Marilyn A. Moores, Judge
The Honorable
Indiana Department of Child Jennifer Hubartt, Magistrate
Services,

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 Appellee-Petitioner, Trial Court Cause No.
49D09-1707-JC-2334
and

Child Advocates, Inc.,
Appellee-Guardian Ad Litem.

Kirsch, Judge.

[1] N.K. (Father) appeals from the juvenile court’s order adjudicating A.K.

(“Child”) to be a child in need of services (“CHINS”). Father raises the

following restated issue for our review: whether there was sufficient evidence

presented to support the CHINS adjudication.

[2] We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History
[3] Father and P.A. (“Mother”) are the parents of Child, and the marriage between

Father and Mother was dissolved in 2012. At that time, Father was granted

sole legal and physical custody of Child, and Mother was granted parenting

time. At all pertinent times of this case, Mother was incarcerated and not able

to care for Child. In July 2017, Father and Child, who was six years old at the

time, were living in the home of Father’s father (“Grandfather”) and Father’s

mother (“Grandmother”) (together “Grandparents”).

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[4] On July 14, 2017, Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department Officer Frank

Vanek (“Officer Vanek”) was dispatched to an address on English Avenue in

Marion County on a 911 call involving Father and a disturbance between

family members. As Officer Vanek pulled up to the residence, he saw a white

male, who was later identified as Father, running down the sidewalk and

frantically waving in an attempt to flag the officer down. When Officer Vanek

spoke to Father, he noticed that Father was sweating profusely. Father told

Officer Vanek that he had “caught six-year-old [Child] in bed in between

[Grandmother] and [Grandfather]” and that Grandfather had molested Child.

Tr. Vol. II at 23.

[5] The longer Officer Vanek was on the scene, the more uneasy he felt about

Father because Father was sweating profusely, his pupils looked like “pin

needles,” his behavior was extremely erratic, and he was jumping around. Id.

at 35. At one point, Father wanted to leave the scene and cross the street to get

a cell phone. Id. Officer Vanek’s training caused him to believe that Father’s

behavior was related to drug use. Id. at 36. Father told Officer Vanek that he

used meth approximately four days prior and had used it five times in the past.

Id. at 24. Father stated he only used meth when he was drunk because he did

not like the way it tasted. Id.

[6] As a result of Officer Vanek’s investigation into the family disturbance, he

placed Father under arrest for battery on Grandmother, and the associated

criminal case was pending at the time of the fact-finding hearing in this case.

Id. While Officer Vanek was present at the residence, Father and the

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 Grandparents continued to argue in Child’s presence. Id. at 24, 32. Officer

Vanek did not feel comfortable leaving Child alone with Grandparents due to

Father’s earlier allegations, so Officer Vanek called the Indiana Department of

Child Services (“DCS”). Id. at 33.

[7] Family Case Manager (“FCM”) Korrie Frick (“FCM Frick”) arrived at the

residence in response to Officer Vanek’s call. She spoke with Father at the

scene and asked him to submit to a drug screen at that time, but he refused. Id.

at 40. Child was removed from the home and placed in foster care. Id. Four

days later, on July 18, 2017, DCS filed a petition alleging that Child was a

CHINS. At the initial/detention hearing, which was held the same day, the

juvenile court appointed a guardian ad litem and ordered Child to remain in

foster care.

[8] A fact-finding hearing on the CHINS petition was held on September 6, 2017.

At the hearing, testimony was presented about the incident that precipitated the

removal of Child from Father’s care. During the time the petition was pending,

Father had supervised visitation with Child. The original visitation supervisor

facilitated only one visit with Child and Father because the supervisor stated he

was not comfortable with Father due to the fact that Father kept asking to see

the supervisor’s case notes and recorded the supervisor on his phone. Id. at 50.

However, the second visitation supervisor testified that Father’s visits with

Child went well and that Father was attentive to Child’s needs, responded

appropriately to Child’s concerns and needs, had activities planned, displayed

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 appropriate behavior, exhibited the ability to protect Child, and appeared to

have a bond with Child. Id. at 45-47.

[9] Father testified that he wanted Child to live with him, although he had never

lived with Child on his own and been the sole caregiver. Id. at 77. At the time

of the hearing, Father testified that he was living in a friend’s home and had

been doing so for about two weeks. Id. at 66-67. While testifying about his

residence, Father faltered and said “Oh, sometimes – I got so much . . . on my

mind I – all this just trying to . . . .” Id. at 73. Father then testified that he was

“going to be l[i]ving with [his] girlfriend now” and would start living with her,

as well as her two daughters, the day of the hearing. Id. at 73-74, 76. When

asked why he had testified that he was living with a friend when he actually

planned to move in with his girlfriend, Father said “You asked me where I was

living if I’m not mistaken. I got so much on my mind you know if you

understood.” Id. at 76. Father also testified that he was employed and had

been working at that job for about two weeks at the time of the hearing. Id. at

63-64.

[10] There was also testimony that, at the time of the hearing, Child had been

meeting with a therapist since the beginning of the CHINS case. Child’s

therapist stated that she met with Child twice a week and that it would be

helpful for Child to continue therapy in the future. Id. at 54, 58. Although

Father did not have health insurance for Child, he testified that he would obtain

therapy for Child. Id. at 75.

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[11] FCM Kierra Swygert (“FCM Swygert”), who had been assigned to the case

since July, testified that as part of the CHINS matter, she had referred Child to

home-based therapy and had referred supervised visitation for Child and

Father. Id. at 80. FCM Swygert also referred Father for Father Engagement

services, but he declined to participate. Id. at 80. FCM Swygert also

recommended that Father submit to random drug screens. Id. at 80-81.

[12] After taking the case under advisement, the juvenile court issued an order on

October 2, 2017, which adjudicated Child to be a CHINS. The juvenile court

found that Child was a CHINS because her mental and physical condition was

seriously impaired and endangered as a result of the inability, refusal, and

neglect of Mother and Father to provide Child with food, clothing, shelter,

medical care, education, and supervision due to Mother being incarcerated and

unable to provide for or parent Child and due to Father engaging in drug use

and domestic violence in the presence of Child while she was in his care,

custody, and control. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 123-24. The juvenile court

further found that Child needed care, treatment, or rehabilitation, including her

therapy, that she will not receive or is unlikely to receive without the coercive

intervention of the juvenile court. Id. at 124. Father now appeals.

Discussion and Decision
[13] CHINS proceedings are civil actions, and therefore, it must be proven by a

preponderance of the evidence that a child is a CHINS as defined by statute. In

re L.C., 23 N.E.3d 37, 39 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (citing In re N.E., 919 N.E.2d

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 102, 105 (Ind. 2010)), trans. denied. When we review a CHINS determination,

we neither reweigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses. Id.

We consider only the evidence that supports the juvenile court’s decision and

the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom. Id. at 39-40. Where the trial court

issues findings of fact and conclusions thereon, we apply a two-tiered standard

of review. In re R.P., 949 N.E.2d 395, 400 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011). We consider

first whether the evidence supports the findings and then whether the findings

support the judgment. Id. We will set aside the trial court’s findings and

conclusions only if they are clearly erroneous and a review of the record leaves

us firmly convinced that a mistake has been made. Id. “Findings are clearly

erroneous only when the record contains no evidence to support them either

directly or by inference.” K.B. v. Ind. Dep’t of Child Servs., 24 N.E.3d 997, 1001-

02 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015) (citation omitted). “A judgment is clearly erroneous if

it relies on an incorrect legal standard.” Id. at 1002.

[14] Father argues that the juvenile court erred when it found that Child was a

CHINS because there was not sufficient evidence to support such a

determination. Father asserts that there was no evidence presented that Child’s

physical or mental condition was seriously impaired or endangered as a result

of his inability, refusal, or neglect to supply Child with the necessary food,

clothing, shelter, medical care, education, or supervision. Father maintains that

at the time of the fact-finding hearing, he had housing, employment, food, and

medical care for Child. He also claims that there was no indication that he used

drugs in Child’s presence or that any drug use impaired his ability to care for

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 Child or threatened her safety. Father further contends that there was no

evidence that the coercive intervention of the juvenile court was necessary

because Child was unlikely to receive needed care, treatment, or rehabilitation.

[15] DCS had the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that Child

was a CHINS. Ind. Code § 31-34-12-3. Indiana Code sections 31-34-1-1

through 11 specify the elements of the CHINS definition that the State must

prove:

(1) the child is under the age of 18;

(2) one or more particular set or sets of circumstances set forth in
the statute exists; and

(3) the care, treatment, or rehabilitation needed to address those
circumstances is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the
coercive intervention of the court.

In re N.E., 919 N.E.2d at 105. Here, the juvenile court adjudicated Child to be a

CHINS pursuant to Indiana Code section 31-34-1-1, which provides:

A child is a child in need of services if before the child becomes
eighteen (18) years of age:

(1) the child’s physical or mental condition is seriously impaired
or seriously endangered as a result of the inability, refusal, or
neglect of the child’s parent, guardian, or custodian to supply the
child with necessary food, clothing, shelter, medical care,
education, or supervision; and

(2) the child needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation that:
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 (A) the child is not receiving; and

(B) is unlikely to be provided or accepted without the coercive
intervention of the court.

Therefore, this statute requires “three basic elements: that the parent’s actions

or inactions have seriously endangered the child, that the child’s needs are

unmet, and . . . that those needs are unlikely to be met without State coercion.”

In re S.D., 2 N.E.3d 1283, 1287 (Ind. 2014).

[16] Initially, Father challenges two of the juvenile court’s findings, arguing that the

evidence did not support the two findings. Finding 24 stated, “Following her

interviews at the scene and the arrest of [Father], FCM Frick placed [Child] in

the care of [Grandparents].” Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 122. Finding 33 stated,

“[Father] has never resided alone with [Child]. Since being placed in the

custody of [Father], [Child] has always resided with [Grandparents].” Id. at

123. Assuming without deciding that these finding were not supported by the

evidence, they were not the basis of the juvenile court’s CHINS determination.

The juvenile court based its determination on Father’s drug use and domestic

violence in the presence of Child. Id. at 124.

[17] Father does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support any of the

other findings by the juvenile court. As Father does not challenge any of the

remaining findings of facts by the juvenile court, these unchallenged facts stand

as proven. See In re B.R., 875 N.E.2d 369, 373 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007) (failure to

challenge findings by the trial court resulted in waiver of the argument that the

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 findings were clearly erroneous), trans. denied; McMaster v. McMaster, 681 N.E.2d

744, 747 (Ind. Ct. App. 1997) (when father failed to challenge specific findings,

court accepted them as true).

[18] Father next contends that the findings do not support the trial court’s

conclusions. The trial court made the following pertinent conclusions in its

order finding Child to be a CHINS:

3. [Child] is a child in need of services because her mental and
physical condition is seriously impaired and endangered as a
result of the inability, refusal, and neglect of [Mother] and
[Father] to provide the child with food, clothing, shelter, medical
care, education, and supervision.

....

5. [Father] has engaged in drug use and domestic violence in the
presence of the child and while the child was in his care, custody,
and control.

6. [Child] needs care, treatment, or rehabilitation, including twice
weekly individual therapy, that she will not receive or is unlikely
to receive without the coercive intervention of the Court.

Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 123-24.

[19] The evidence presented at the fact-finding hearing showed that the police were

called to Grandparents’ home, where Father and Child were living at the time,

on July 14, 2017 on a report of a disturbance between family members. When

Officer Vanek encountered Father, he observed Father to be sweating profusely,

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 to have pinpoint pupils, to be acting erratically, and to not be able to give any

specific information about the alleged molestation of Child by Grandfather. Tr.

Vol. II at 35. At one point, Father attempted to leave the scene to get a cell

phone. Id. Due to his training, Officer Vanek believed that Father’s behavior

was related to drug use.1 Id. at 36. Father told Officer Vanek that he used meth

approximately four days prior and had used it five times in the past, but that he

only used meth when he was drunk because he did not like the way it tasted.

Id. Child was present for all of this. Based on the information Officer Vanek

obtained concerning the family disturbance between Father and Grandparents,

Father was arrested for battery on Grandmother at that time. Id. at 24, 33.

Because of Officer Vanek’s uneasiness about leaving Child in Father’s care

because of his behavior and about leaving Child with Grandparents due to the

allegations by Father, Officer Vanek called DCS. FCM Frick arrived at the

scene and requested that Father submit to a drug screen, which he refused.

Child was then removed from the home.

[20] Evidence was also presented that, as a part of the CHINS case, DCS referred

Father for Father Engagement services, random drug screens, and supervised

visitation with Child. Father declined to participate in Father Engagement

1
Father’s reliance of Perrine v. Marion County Office of Child Services, 866 N.E.2d 269 (Ind. Ct. App. 2007),
which held that a single instance of drug use outside the presence of the child was insufficient for a CHINS
finding, is misplaced. Id. at 276. Here, it was not Father’s drug use alone that formed the basis of the
CHINS finding. The juvenile court based its determination not only on Father’s drug use, but also on
Father’s act of domestic violence in the presence of Child and Father’s erratic demeanor and unclear housing
situation and ability to obtain therapy for Child. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 121-24.

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 services. At the time of the fact-finding hearing, Father did not have stable

housing for himself and Child. He testified that, as of the date of the hearing,

he was living in a friend’s home and had been doing so for about two weeks.

Id. at 66-67. Father then testified that he was going to be living with his

girlfriend and her two daughters and planned to begin doing so the day of the

hearing. Id. at 73-74, 76. When asked about this discrepancy in living

arrangements, Father said “You asked me where I was living if I’m not

mistaken. I got so much on my mind you know if you understood.” Id. at 76.

Father also testified that he was employed, but had only been working at that

job for about two weeks. Id. at 63-64. Father also had no health insurance

coverage for Child at the time of the hearing, nor did he have any plans for

daycare or after school care for Child. Id. at 77. The evidence showed that

Father had never resided alone with Child. Id. Testimony from Child’s

therapist established that she met with Child twice a week, and the therapist

stated that Child should continue therapy in the future. Id. at 54, 58. Although

Father testified that he would obtain therapy for Child, he did not have health

insurance for Child, and it was not clear that she would receive her therapy

without court intervention. Id. at 75.

[21] Additionally, the juvenile court found that Father’s statements and demeanor at

the fact-finding hearing were observed to be scattered and erratic and raised

serious concerns regarding Father’s ability to parent a six-year-old child at that

time. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 123. While testifying about living with his

friend, Father faltered and said “Oh, sometimes – I got so much . . . on my

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 mind I – all this just trying to . . . .” Tr. Vol. II at 73. During the fact-finding

hearing, the juvenile court found that Father often sobbed or stared blankly at

the lawyers during his direct and cross examinations, then would abruptly

change his demeanor. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 123.

[22] We, therefore, conclude that sufficient evidence was presented at the fact-

finding hearing to establish that Father was unable or refused to supply Child

with necessary food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, or supervision,

and Child’s physical or mental condition was seriously impaired or seriously

endangered as a result and that Child needed care, treatment, or rehabilitation

that she was not receiving and was unlikely to be provided without the coercive

intervention of the court. See Ind. Code § 31-34-1-1. Sufficient evidence

supported the juvenile court’s determination that Child was a CHINS.

[23] Affirmed.

[24] Baker, J., and Bradford, J., concur.

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