UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
)
HEALTHY FUTURES OF TEXAS, )
individually and on behalf of all others )
similarly situated, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) No. 1:18-cv-992 (KBJ)
)
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND )
HUMAN SERVICES, et al., )
)
Defendants. )
)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before this Court at present are ripe cross-motions for summary judgment in the
instant class action, which involve legal claims that are indistinguishable from the
dispute that this Court recently considered and resolved in Policy and Research, LLC v.
HHS, No. 18-cv-346, 2018 WL 2184449, (D.D.C. May 11, 2018). (See Pl.’s Mot. for
Summ. J. on the Individual and Class Claims, ECF No. 7, at 12 –16; Defs.’ Cross-Mot.
to Dismiss or for Summ. J., ECF No. 18, at 18–28.) 1 In fact, the only new issue that has
arisen in the context of the summary judgment motions at issue here is HHS’s
contention that the equitable doctrine of laches bars Healthy Futures of Texas (“Healthy
Futures”) and the other class members (collectively “Plaintiffs”) from filing their
lawsuit now—some ten months after the challenged agency action, and more than two
months after Policy and Research, LLC and other similarly situated plaintiffs filed
1
Page-number citations to the documents that the parties have filed refer to the page numbers that the
Court’s electronic filing system automatically assigns.
lawsuits asserting identical claims in federal districts across the country. 2
For the reasons explained below, this Court rejects HHS’s laches argument, and
it also finds no reason to depart from its conclusion that (1) the termination provisions
of HHS’s regulations apply to the agency’s unexplained decision to “shorten” the
project periods for the grants it had awarded to the class members under the Teen
Pregnancy Prevention Program (“TPPP”), such that this decision is not committed to
agency discretion by law, see Policy & Research, LLC, 2018 WL 2184449, at *7–12,
and (2) HHS acted arbitrarily and capriciously in violation of the Administrative
Procedure Act (“APA”), 5 U.S.C. § 706(2)(A), because it terminated Plaintiffs’ project
periods without providing any explanation for this action and without complying with
its own regulations, Policy & Research, LLC, 2018 WL 2185559, at *13. Accordingly,
Plaintiffs’ motion for summary judgment is GRANTED, Defendants’ cross-motion to
dismiss and for summary judgment is DENIED, and HHS’s decision to shorten these
project periods will be VACATED. A separate Order that requires HHS to accept and
process the class members’ noncompeting continuation applications to the same extent
and in the same manner as before the agency decided to “shorten” the project periods
for grants made under the TPPP will follow.
I. THE LACHES DISPUTE
HHS contends that Healthy Futures and the class members it represents
unreasonably delayed the filing of the instant lawsuit (which challenges agency action
2
See King Cnty. v. Azar, et al., C18-0242, 2018 WL 2411759, at *6 (W.D. Wash May 29, 2018); Policy
& Research, LLC v. HHS, No. 18-cv-346 (KBJ), 2018 WL 2184449, at *2–5 (D.D.C. May 11, 2018);
Healthy Teen Network v. Azar, No. CCB-18-468, 2018 WL 1942171, at *1–4 (D. Md. Apr. 25, 2018);
Planned Parenthood of Greater Wash. & N. Idaho v. HHS, No. 2:18-cv-0055-TOR, 2018 WL 1934070,
at *1–2 (E.D. Wash. Apr. 24, 2018).
2
that occurred last summer), and it further maintains that HHS would be prejudiced if
Plaintiffs’ belated request for an injunction is granted, because HHS is currently
engaged in the expensive, labor-intensive process of awarding the contested TPPP grant
funds to other organizations through a recompetition process. (See Defs.’ Mem. in
Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for Summ. J. & in Supp. of Their Cross-Mot. to Dismiss or for
Summ. J. (“Defs.’ Mem.”), ECF No. 18-1, at 14–18.) In this regard, HHS emphasizes
the following “factual circumstances,” which, in the agency’s view, render the April 27,
2018 filing of the instant action “unreasonable[.]” (Id. at 15.) First of all, HHS points
out that the agency’s “announcement” that each of the class members’ project periods
was being shortened, effective June 30, 2018, and “was made ten months ago.” (Id. at
16.) Moreover, “[e]ven after [other] grantees began filing lawsuits to challenge HHS’s
decision, Healthy Futures (and the putative class it represents) waited another two-and-
a-half months before seeking to assert its rights.” (Id. (emphasis added); see also id.
(decrying this delay as “not reasonably expeditious behavior” (internal quotation marks
and citation omitted)).) HHS also highlights the fact that the class claims involve
“government grants and contracts”—a context in which “expedient assertion of claims
is vital.” (Id. at 15 (citing LTMC/Dragonfly, Inc. v. Metro. Wash. Airports Auth., 699
F. Supp. 2d 281, 293 (D.D.C. 2010)).)
HHS further insists that it would “unfairly prejudice” the agency to allow this
case to proceed now. (Id. at 16.) This is because, while the class members purportedly
dithered over instigating legal action to protect their interests, the agency “spent a year
analyzing the [TPPP] and developing a new approach to the program at a cost to the
agency of millions of dollars and many house of staff time.” (Id. at 16–17.) Pursuant
3
to these efforts, HHS recently announced that the grant funding that Plaintiffs seek to
preserve with this lawsuit will be competitively redistributed, so HHS argues here that
the “requested relief interferes with the recompetition” both “by reducing the funds
available to the agency to award to new grantees and diminishing HHS’s investment in
reviewing and redesigning the TPP Program[,]” and also by thwarting the legitimate
expectations of the members of the public who will “commit resources to participate in
that recompetition.” (Id. at 17.) Thus, notwithstanding the fact that other TPPP
grantees had launched several (ultimately successful) lawsuits challenging HHS’s
decision to cut the previous round of TPPP grant awards short prior to the time that the
agency announced the recompetition, HHS maintains that it had “good reason to
believe” that these grantees’ alleged rights to the funding “had been abandoned” during
the ten months that elapsed between the agency’s decision to shorten Plaintiffs’ project
period and the class action lawsuit that Healthy Futures filed in this Court. (Id. at 18
(internal quotation marks and citation omitted)); see also id. at 16 (“When a litigant
creates an impression of acquiescence that has led others to make substantial financial
commitments, laches should apply to defeat the claim.” (internal quotation marks and
citation omitted)).)
On behalf of the class it represents, Healthy Futures vigorously dispu tes HHS’s
assertion of laches. (See Pl.’s Reply Mem. in Further Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J.
& Mem. in Opp’n to Defs.’ Cross-Mot. to Dismiss or for Summ. J. (“Pl.’s Reply”), ECF
No. 22, at 6–11.) For one thing, Healthy Futures disagrees with the agency’s contention
that there was an unreasonable delay with respect to the filing of this lawsuit, and it
does so largely by pointing to certain facts and circumstances that existed at the time
4
that HHS’s decision to shorten the TPPP grants was made, which the organization says
demonstrably influenced the timing of its response during the ten months prior to the
filing of its action. (See id. at 6–8.) Specifically, Healthy Futures notes that “HHS’s
budget request for fiscal year 2018 proposed to eliminate the TPPP in May 2017, and
Congress did not pass a 2018 funding bill rejecting that proposal under March 23,
2018.” (Id. at 6.) 3 With respect to the agency’s contention that the instant action
should be deemed untimely on equitable grounds, Healthy Futures argues that filing this
lawsuit five weeks after the time that Congress rejected HHS’s elimination request “can
hardly be deemed a delay, let alone an unreasonable one.” (Id. at 7.) Healthy Futures
also urges the Court to disregard HHS’s suggestion “that delay should be measured
from the filing of the four prior lawsuits[,]” because the agency “offers no support for
the notion that a lawsuit becomes untimely, as an equitable matter, when it post -dates
the filing of similar suits by two months and the decisions in those suits by a few days.”
(Id.)
As to prejudice, Healthy Futures maintains that any such allegation by the
agency is “implausible because HHS’s decision [to stop funding the existing TPPP
grants] has been contested from the start.” (Id. at 8.) That is, according to Healthy
Futures, various TPPP grantees took swift action to express their dissatisfaction with
3
This representation is undisputed. HHS specifically requested that Congress zero out funding for the
TPPP during the 2018 fiscal year—a request that would have “eliminat[ed] the [TPPP].” (Overview of
Budget Request, Ex. J to Decl. of Sean Sherman, ECF No. 6 -2, at 85.) Congress appears to have taken
that proposal quite seriously; indeed, according to news reports, Congress engaged in a heated debate
as to whether funding would be appropriated for the TPPP . (See Politico, Planned Parenthood
Defunding Threatens Government Spending Package (Mar. 7, 2018), Ex. G to Decl. of Michael J.
Gerardi, ECF No. 18-3, at 63–66.) That question was finally answered in the appropriations bill that
passed on March 23, 2018, when Congress reauthorized funding for the program. See Consol.
Appropriations Act of 2018, Pub. L. No. 115 -141.
5
HHS’s decision to shorten these grant awards soon after the agency announced that
decision; these actions included writing letters to the agency, “attempting to appeal the
decision” through the administrative process, and encouraging House and Senate
members to inquire about this HHS’s decision. (Id.) In addition, on February 15, 2018,
“nine grantees filed lawsuits challenging” this agency’s decision. (Id. at 9.) Therefore,
Healthy Futures argues that HHS was fully aware of the TPPP grantees’ claims prior to
its April 20, 2018 announcement that the funding would be recompeted (see id.), and
“at no point did HHS have reason to rely on an impression of acquiescence” to its
decision; indeed, “HHS developed the new [recompetition announcements] in light of
the possibility of challenges to the termination of the TPPP grants and issued them in
the midst of such litigation.” (Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).)
This Court heard from the parties regarding HHS’s laches argument, among other
things, during a status conference that it held in this matter on May 21, 2018. The
parties’ cross-motions for summary judgment became ripe on May 30, 2018.
II. LEGAL STANDARDS
The legal standards applicable to motions for summary judgment in APA cases
are set forth in this Court’s Policy and Research, LLC opinion. See 2018 WL 2184449
at *6. These are the standards that this Court has applied to rule on the summary
judgment motions that are presented here.
With respect to laches, it is important to note that “[l]aches is ‘a defense
developed by courts of equity’ to protect defendants against ‘unreasonable, prejudicial
delay in commencing suit.’” SCA Hygiene Prods. Aktiebolag v. First Quality Baby
Prods., LLC, 137 S. Ct. 954, 960 (2017) (quoting Petrella v. Metro–Goldwyn–Mayer,
6
Inc., 134 S. Ct. 1962, 1967, 1973 (2014)). The doctrine is “founded on the notion that
equity aids the vigilant and not those who slumber on their rights” and thereby permit
“pertinent evidence [to] become[] lost” or “equitable boundaries [to] blur as defendants
invest capital and labor into their claimed property.” NAACP v. NAACP Legal Def.
& Educ. Fund., Inc., 753 F.2d 131, 137 (D.C. Cir. 1985). It also serves to prevent
plaintiffs from gaining “the unfair advantage of hindsight while defendants suffer the
disadvantage of an uncertain future outcome.” Id. If the doctrine applies in a given
case, a plaintiff will be barred from pursuing “claims of an equitable cast[.]” Petrella,
134 S. Ct. at 1973.
Significantly for present purposes, the application of “[l]aches does not depend
solely on the time that has elapsed between the alleged wrong and the institution of suit;
it is principally a question of the inequity of permitting the claim to be enforced—an
inequity founded upon some change in the condition or relations of the property o r the
parties.” Gull Airborne Instruments, Inc. v. Weinberger, 694 F.2d 838, 843 (D.C. Cir.
1982) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Thus, to establish a successful
laches defense, the party asserting the defense must show “(1) [a] lack of diligence by
the party against whom the defense is asserted, and (2) prejudice to the party asserting
the defense[,]” Nat’l R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 122 (2002), and
“[t]he amount of prejudice required in a given case varies with the length of the
delay[,]” Pro-Football, Inc. v. Harjo, 565 F.3d 880, 884 (D.C. Cir. 2009). In other
words, “[i]f only a short period of time elapses between accrual of the claim and suit,
the magnitude of prejudice required before suit would be barred is great [.]” Id.
(quoting Gull Airborne Instruments, 694 F.2d at 843).
7
Because the laches inquiry necessarily requires the district court to “weigh []
both the length of delay and the amount of prejudice, it leaves the district court very
broad discretion to take account of the particular facts of particular cases.” Id. at 885.
Thus, whether or not laches applies is necessarily a holistic and fact -bound
determination. And there is nothing about the nature of a class action lawsuit that
makes the defense of laches inapplicable to the claims of the class representative or
class members, so when laches is raised to defend against claims in that context, the
Court must engage in the necessary holistic evaluation of the facts in those cases as
well. See, e.g., Does I through III v. District of Columbia, 232 F.R.D. 18, 32 (D.D.C.
2005), rev’d in part, vacated in part on other grounds sub nom. Doe ex rel. Tarlow v.
District of Columbia, 489 F.3d 376 (D.C. Cir. 2007); Clarke v. Ford Motor Co., 220
F.R.D. 568, 575–76 (E.D. Wis. 2004), opinion vacated on other grounds sub nom.
Clarke ex rel. Pickard v. Ford Motor Co., 228 F.R.D. 631 (E.D. Wis. 2005).
III. ANALYSIS
A. Laches Does Not Bar The Instant Claim Because There Was Not
Unreasonable Delay In The Filing Of This Action, And The Maintenance
Of This Lawsuit Does Not Prejudice HHS
As mentioned, for HHS to raise a successful laches defense, the agency must
establish (1) that Healthy Futures and the class it represents exhibited an unreasonable
lack of diligence in bringing the claims at issue in this lawsuit, and (2) that excusing
this lack of diligence would prejudice HHS. See Pro-Football, Inc., 565 F.3d at 882.
For the following reasons, this Court concludes that HHS has failed to make the
necessary showing with respect to either requirement.
First of all, HHS cannot credibly contend that Healthy Futures and the other
8
class members “slept on their rights,” Ewert v. Bluejacket, 259 U.S. 129, 138 (1922),
such that a finding of lack of diligence in the filing of this lawsuit is warranted. In
early July of 2017, HHS made the decision to discontinue funding the five-year project
periods that the agency had authorized under the TPPP. (See, e.g., Notice of Award FY
2017–2018 for Healthy Futures of Texas, Ex. C to Decl. of Dr. Janet Realini, ECF No.
6-1, at 35.) The agency made this decision indiscriminately (i.e., the decision applied
across the board, with respect to all of the TPPP awards for five-year projects that HHS
had issued in 2015), and as Plaintiffs have pointed out, before March 23, 2018, there
was no guarantee that Congress would appropriate any funds for grants under the TPPP
going forward, and thus no guarantee that any TPPP grantee would have had a viable
claim in court. (See Pl.’s Reply at 6–7.) After Congress reauthorized funds, Plaintiffs
filed the instant suit approximately five weeks later, on April 27, 2018—a period of
time that cannot reasonably be conceived of as any delay as far as complex litigation is
concerned, much less a delay that is indicative of an inexcusable lack of diligence on
Plaintiffs’ part. Indeed, courts in this district have explicitly held that such a minimal
delay in bringing a claim cannot justify the application of the laches doctrine. See
Breen v. Tucker, 760 F. Supp. 2d 141, 145 (D.D.C. 2011) (rejecting the argument that a
one-month delay suffices for purposes of laches); Purepac Pharm. Co. v. Thompson,
238 F. Supp. 2d 191, 203 (D.D.C. 2002) (explaining that a five-month delay is not a
sufficient delay for purposes of laches). Moreover, even if the relevant period of
“delay” in this case was the ten months that elapsed between HHS’s issuance of the
2017–2018 Notice of Award and the filing of Plaintiffs’ lawsuit, see Menominee Indian
Tribe of Wis. v. United States, 614 F.3d 519, 531 (D.C. Cir. 2010), that period would
9
still not be an unreasonable delay for laches purposes, see Powell v. Zuckert, 366 F.2d
634, 636 (D.C. Cir. 1966) (explaining that a sixteen-month delay in filing a lawsuit “is
not generally considered enough time to warrant a finding of laches”); see also Nat’l
R.R. Passenger Corp. v. Lexington Ins. Co., 357 F. Supp. 2d 287, 293, 297 (D.D.C.
2005) (concluding that a three-year period of delay was not unreasonable).
Also significant is the undisputed fact that HHS was aware of the TPPP
grantees’ collective resistance to the agency’s decision to shorten the existing project
periods. The agency does not dispute that it was subjected to a barrage of letters in the
wake of its issuance of the 2017–2018 Notice of Award, nor does it contest that some
grantees attempted to appeal the agency’s decision administratively. (See, e.g., Decl. of
Benjamin Link, ECF No. 22-2, ¶¶ 3–4; 2d Decl. of Dr. Janet Realini, ECF No. 22-1,
¶ 4.) As a result, HHS’s suggestion that the TPPP grantees that had not yet sued gave
“an impression of acquiescence” with respect to the agency’s decision is not only
manifestly implausible, but also leads inexorably t o the conclusion that any such agency
belief was itself entirely unreasonable, and certainly cannot be credited in the context of
the laches defense that the agency now seeks to assert.
Nor can HHS base its laches argument on the mere fact that the claims at issue
here involve the funding of government contracts. (See Defs.’ Mem. at 15–16.) Even
setting aside the fact that none of the cases HHS cites analyzes the plaintiffs’ actions
against the backdrop of similar uncertainty about congressional appropri ations, the
cited cases are of limited utility because they involve challenges to an agency’s
decision to award a contract or funding grant to another organization for work that was
slated to begin immediately. See, e.g., LTMC/Dragonfly, Inc. v. Metro. Wash. Airports
10
Auth., 699 F. Supp. 2d 281, 293 (D.D.C. 2010). Such bid protest scenarios necessarily
raise the specter of urgency in a manner that is not present here. See id. (noting that
“[i]n the bid protest context, time is of the essence” (emphasis added)); see also id.
(“[C]omplaints about the solicitation and award of contracts . . . must be quickly
asserted and expeditiously resolved so that the contract can awarded and the job
begun.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted) ). By contrast, although the
class members’ claims likely arose in July of 2017 (with HHS’s issuance of the
allegedly offensive Notice of Award), that Notice expressly stated that the announced
change was going to occur the following summer (in 2018), and thus did not have the
kind of immediate practical implications for either Plaintiffs or HHS that might
otherwise weigh heavily in the laches analysis.
This all means that there is no factual basis for HHS’s contention that there was
an unreasonable delay in the filing of the instant lawsuit, which, as mentioned, is a
prerequisite to establishing the equitable defense of laches . See Menominee Indian
Tribe, 614 F.3d at 531. And, if possible, the complete absence of any credible claim of
prejudice to the agency due to this class action is even clearer. As explained in Part II,
supra, it is well established in this jurisdiction that only two kinds of prejudice can
support a laches defense: (1) “[the] loss of evidence or witnesses supporting
defendant’s position” or (2) changes to the defendant’s position “that would not have
occurred but for the plaintiff’s delay.” Gull Airborne Instruments, 694 F.2d at 844.
HHS does not (and cannot) contend that any delay in initiating this action on the part of
Healthy Futures and the associated class members has resulted in the loss of evidence or
the unavailability of key witnesses. (See Defs.’ Mem. at 14–18 (making no such claim);
11
Defs.’ Reply Mem. in Supp. of Cross-Mot. to Dismiss or for Summ. J. (“Defs.’ Reply”),
ECF No. 26, at 4–8 (same).) Therefore, the only potential question of prejudice here is
the extent to which the government’s position may have changed in the intervening
time.
To demonstrate such prejudice, HHS first argues that it has “spent a year
analyzing the [TPPP] and developing a new approach to the program at a cost to the
agency of millions of dollars and many hours of staff time.” (Defs.’ Mem. at 16–17.)
But HHS admits that it voluntarily embarked upon this revamp of the TPPP over a year
ago, and that it did so prior to its decision to shorten the project periods for the grants it
had previously authorized under the TPPP. (See Decl. of A. Michon Kretschmaier, ECF
No. 18-4, ¶¶ 5–6.) Thus, HHS clearly incurred these costs as a result of its own choices
and its own policy preferences, and would have done so regardless of the lawsuits that
the class members or any of the other TPPP grantees have filed. See Pro-Football, 565
F.3d at 884 (“[A] finding of prejudice requires at least some reliance on the absence of
a lawsuit—if [the defendant] would have done exactly the same thing regardless of a
more timely complaint, its laches defense devolves into claiming harm . . . from [the
plaintiff’s] success on the merits.”).
HHS’s second prejudice argument fares no better. The agency has claimed that
“Plaintiff’s requested relief interferes” with the agency’s ongoing recompetition of
TPPP grant funding by “reducing the funds available to the agency to awa rd to new
grantees” and by causing prospective applicants for these funds to waste time preparing
lengthy grant applications. (Defs.’ Mem. at 17.) As an initial matter, the Court notes
that the agency’s formal recompetition process began on April 20, 201 8—only one
12
week before the instant lawsuit was filed. (See Funding Opportunity Announcement
2018–2020 (“FOA 2018–2020”), Ex. J to Decl. of Michael J. Gerardi, ECF No. 18-3, at
75–79.) At that point in time, the agency had not made any commitments t o provide
funding to any new TPPP grantees, and had barely initiated the recompetition process
for these funds. (See id. at 75).) Indeed, according to HHS’s own funding
announcement, the applications it has solicited for the newly revised TPPP grants are
not due until June 29, 2018 (id.), and the agency has further represented that it will not
actually award these funds to any prospective TPPP grantee until at least September of
2018 (see Tr. of Status Hr’g (“Hr’g Tr.”), ECF No. 25, at 62:1–2). Thus, HHS cannot
seriously suggest that, at the time the instant action was filed, it would have had to
engage in a harmful divestiture of funds that the agency has already committed to other
uses, nor can it credibly claim that third parties had made enormous expe nditures within
the first week of the recompetition process.
Even so, and even more importantly, any such injury would be a self-inflicted
wound. HHS formally opened the recompetition process on April 20, 2018, the day
after this Court orally announced in Policy and Research, LLC that the agency’s
decision to shorten the project periods of four TPPP grantees without providing any
explanation for doing so violated the APA. (Compare Oral Ruling Tr., Policy &
Research, LLC, v. HHS, No. 18-cv-346 (D.D.C. decided April 19, 2018), Ex. H to Decl.
of Sean Sherman, ECF No. 6-2, at 70 with Kretschmaier Decl. ¶ 6.) Thus, the agency
was on notice that the unexplained and indiscriminate action that it took when it issued
the 2017–2018 Notice of Award was on shaky legal ground, yet HHS apparently
decided to recompete the TPPP grant funding anyway, thereby knowingly exposing
13
itself and third parties to the risk that future lawsuits or rulings relating to other
similarly situated TPPP grantees would upend the newly minted recompeti tion process.
Put another way, even though Healthy Futures and the 60-plus other class members had
not already filed legal actions at the time the recompetition process launched, the
handwriting was on the wall due to this Court’s ruling that enjoined the agency’s
alleged unlawful termination of four TPPP grants, and HHS is to blame for whatever
financial or administrative burden results from its decision to recompete the funds as
though no other TPPP grantees had actionable claims (i.e., the willful blindness option)
rather than opting to put its plans on hold and seek an expedited appeal. Stated simply,
the defense of laches does not shield an agency from the consequences of its own
choices. See Rozen v. District of Columbia, 702 F.2d 1202, 1204 (D.C. Cir. 1983)
“[A]ny prejudice suffered by defendant in this case is attributable to its own actions.” ).
The bottom line is this: although HHS would certainly have preferred to be able
to execute its new approach to the TPPP without being challenged in court, it cannot
credibly contend that equity entitles it to do so, either b ecause Healthy Futures and the
other class members waited too long to bring the instant lawsuit or because the entirely
foreseeable instigation of this class action might forestall the agency and third parties’
investment in the new TPPP. Consequently, this Court confidently co ncludes that
laches does not bar the action that Healthy Futures has brought on behalf of itself and
all other similarly situated TPPP grantees.
B. Consistent With Its Decision In Policy And Research, LLC, This Court
Concludes That HHS’s Decision To Shorten The Class Members’ Project
Periods Is Not Committed To Agency Discretion By Law And Is
Arbitrary And Capricious Under The APA
This Court has previously ruled on HHS’s “committed to agency discretion”
14
argument, as well as the merits of the claims that the Heal thy Futures class action seeks
to advance. (See Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J. on the Individual and Class
Claims (“Pl.’s Mem.”), ECF No. 6, at 13–16; Defs.’ Mem. at 18–28; see also Hr’g Tr.
at 57:23–58:2 (acknowledging as much).) The Court sees no need to repeat its prior
discussion, which is incorporated by reference herein. See Policy & Research, LLC,
2018 WL 2184449, at *7–13. Moreover, the Court declines the agency’s suggestion
that it revisit that analysis in the instant context. (See Defs.’ Mem. at 18 (asserting that
“[t]his Court erred . . . in concluding that HHS engaged in a termination by announcing
that it would recompete the entire program” and engaging in a lengthy rehashing of its
unsuccessful arguments).)
Putting the finest possible point on the matter, although this Court was the first
to render a ruling with respect to the four legal challenges that TPPP grantees filed in
February of 2018 regarding the agency’s 2017–2018 Notice of Award announcement,
its conclusion that HHS’s decision to shorten the project periods of the TPPP grantees
was a “termination” of those grants under HHS’s regulations, and thus that meaningful
standards apply such that the challenged agency action is reviewable, see Policy
& Research, LLC, 2018 WL 2184449, at *9, is now a consensus view that
unquestionably applies to the claims at issue here. 4 Also fully applicable to the instant
summary judgment dispute is this Court’s prior finding that HHS acted arbitrarily and
capriciously, in violation of the APA, when it terminated the TPPP grant funding at
issue without explanation and in clear contravention of its own regulations. See id. at
4
All four of the district judges who have addressed this legal issue to date have reached this same
conclusion. See King Cnty., 2018 WL 2411759, at *6; Policy & Research, LLC, 2018 WL 2184449, at
*12; Healthy Teen Network, 2018 WL 1942171, at *7; Planned Parenthood of Greater Wash. & N.
Idaho, 2018 WL 1934070, at *8.
15
*13. In other words, HHS has done nothing to distinguish the instant claims and
arguments from those that have already been thoroughly evaluated and decided, and at
this point, it appears that the agency’s efforts might best be directed at deciding
whether or not to seek appellate review. Cf. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(B) (“The notice of
appeal may be filed by any party within 60 days after entry of the judgment or order
appealed from if one of the parties is . . . (ii) a United States agency[.]”)
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, HHS’s laches defense is meritless, and for the
reasons set forth in Policy and Research, LLC, the class members have reviewable
claims that warrant injunctive relief. Therefore, as set forth in the Order that
accompanies this Memorandum Opinion, Healthy Futures’s motion for summary
judgment on behalf of itself and similarl y situated individuals is GRANTED, while
HHS’s cross-motion to dismiss or for summary judgment is DENIED. Furthermore,
consistent with the remedy in Policy and Research, LLC, HHS’s shortening of the class
members’ project periods will be VACATED, and HHS will be ordered to accept and
process any noncompeting continuation applications that the class members submit as if
the agency had not undertaken to shorten these grantees’ federal awards.
DATE: June 1, 2018 Ketanji Brown Jackson
KETANJI BROWN JACKSON
United States District Judge
16