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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ISHMAEL PALMERO, :
:
Appellant : No. 247 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order December 9, 2016
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0011132-2010
BEFORE: BENDER, P.J.E., BOWES, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED JUNE 07, 2018
Ishmael Palmero appeals pro se from the order that dismissed his
petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). We affirm.
Appellant was convicted of first-degree murder, rape, and other crimes
based upon his killing of Darnell Goode, the new paramour of his ex-partner,
Lotoya Dupree. Afterwards, Appellant forced Ms. Dupree to have sexual
intercourse with Appellant while he held the bloody knife he had used to stab
Mr. Goode sixty-four times. He was sentenced to concurrent terms of life
imprisonment and seventeen and one-half to thirty-five years imprisonment.
On Appellant’s direct appeal, this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence
and our Supreme Court denied his petition for allowance of appeal.
Commonwealth v. Palmero, 121 A.3d 1119 (Pa.Super. 2015), appeal
denied, 124 A.3d 309 (Pa. 2015).
____________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Appellant timely filed a pro se PCRA petition, and the PCRA court
appointed counsel. Counsel filed a motion to withdraw and no-merit letter
pursuant to Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and
Commonwealth v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc). The
PCRA court issued notice of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s petition pursuant
to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907, and Appellant filed a response. The PCRA court
nonetheless dismissed Appellant’s petition by order of December 9, 2016, and
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal.1 Both Appellant and the PCRA court
complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
On appeal, Appellant clams that he is entitled to relief because (1) his
sentence of life imprisonment is illegal, (2) the prosecution suppressed
information favorable to his defense in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373
U.S. 83 (1963), and (3) PCRA counsel was ineffective in failing to state various
claims of ineffective assistance of prior counsel. Appellant’s brief at 4.
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1 Appellant’s notice of appeal was docketed more than thirty days after the
date of the order dismissing his petition. However, (1) the docket contains no
indication of the date it was served upon Appellant’s then-former counsel as
required by Pa.R.Crim.P. 114(C)(2)(c), and (2) the date of the clerk of courts’
receipt of the notice suggests it likely was placed in the hands of prison
authorities by the thirtieth day. Moreover, the Commonwealth does not
contend that the appeal was untimely. Therefore, we deem Appellant’s notice
of appeal timely. See Commonwealth v. Jerman, 762 A.2d 366, 368
(Pa.Super. 2000) (deeming appeal timely where clerk of courts did not
properly enter appealed-from order on the docket); Commonwealth v.
Cooper, 710 A.2d 76, 78 (Pa.Super. 1998) (“[F]or prisoners proceeding pro
se, a notice is deemed filed as of the date it is deposited in the prison mail
system.”).
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“Our standard of review for issues arising from the denial of PCRA relief
is well-settled. We must determine whether the PCRA court’s ruling is
supported by the record and free of legal error.” Commonwealth v.
Johnson, 179 A.3d 1153, 1156 (Pa.Super. 2018) (internal quotation marks
omitted).
Appellant first contends that his PCRA petition should not have been
dismissed because he is serving a sentence which the trial court lacked the
statutory authority to impose. Appellant’s brief at 9-13. Appellant notes that
18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(1) specifies that, except under circumstances not
relevant here, “a person who has been convicted of a murder of the first
degree . . . shall be sentenced to death or to a term of life imprisonment in
accordance with 42 Pa.C.S. § 9711 (relating to sentencing procedure for
murder of the first degree).” Section 9711(a)(1) provides “[a]fter a verdict
of murder of the first degree is recorded and before the jury is discharged, the
court shall conduct a separate sentencing hearing in which the jury shall
determine whether the defendant shall be sentenced to death or life
imprisonment.”
Appellant claims that these statutes were violated because, in his case,
the trial court discharged the jury without having a separate sentencing
hearing, and the trial court, not the jury, determined that Appellant was to be
sentenced to life imprisonment. Appellant’s brief at 11. Appellant argues
that, because § 9711 does not grant the trial court the authority to impose a
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sentence on first-degree murder, his sentence must be vacated. Id. at 12
(citing, inter alia, Commonwealth v. Arest, 734 A.2d 910, 912 (Pa.Super.
1999) (“If no statutory authorization exists for a particular sentence, then that
sentence is illegal and . . . must be vacated.”)).
Our legislature has determined that only two sentences are permissible
for an adult convicted of first-degree murder: death or life imprisonment. That
is the import of 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(1). In order for the death penalty to be
a sentencing option post-conviction, the prosecution must, initially, disclose
its intent to seek the death penalty at the time of arraignment, and file a
notice of the aggravating circumstances alleged. Commonwealth v. Buck,
709 A.2d 892, 896 (Pa. 1998). When the Commonwealth has not sought the
death penalty, which it did not in the instant case, ipso facto the only sentence
allowed under 18 Pa.C.S. § 1102(a)(1) is that of life imprisonment. Indeed,
the imposition of life imprisonment upon a first-degree murder conviction is
mandatory in non-capital cases, and no “individualized consideration of
offender and crime,” which is the purpose of the procedures established in 42
Pa.C.S. § 9711, is required. Commonwealth v. Yount, 615 A.2d 1316, 1321
(Pa.Super. 1992). Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err in finding no merit
in Appellant’s first claim.
Appellant next contends that the Commonwealth committed a Brady
violation by withholding exculpatory evidence. Specifically, he contends that
the discovery materials provided to the defense omitted the portions of Ms.
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Dupree’s medical records reflecting her statements made to the attending
physician and “all physical and scientific findings” by the physician and medical
staff that “would support or negate rape.” Appellant’s brief at 14.
“The crux of the Brady rule is that due process is offended when the
prosecution withholds material evidence favorable to the accused.”
Commonwealth v. Wholaver, 177 A.3d 136, 158 (Pa. 2018). “To succeed
on a Brady claim, the defendant must show: (1) evidence was suppressed by
the prosecution; (2) the evidence, whether exculpatory or impeaching, was
favorable to the defendant; and (3) prejudice resulted.” Commonwealth v.
Hannibal, 156 A.3d 197, 209 (Pa. 2016).
The PCRA court determined that there is no indication that any rape kit
materials or medical records were withheld from Appellant. PCRA Court
Opinion, 8/29/17, at 13. “Indeed, this evidence was admitted into the record
without objection by stipulation at trial.” Id. (citing, N.T., 9/26/13, at 45-56).
Our review of the record supports the PCRA court’s determination.
Among the trial exhibits in the certified record is Commonwealth Exhibit 152,
which is Thomas Jefferson University Hospital records for Ms. Dupree that
include the nursing triage report, the attending physicians notes, lab results,
and sexual assault medical report reflecting Ms. Dupree’s narrative of the
incident and the physical exam report. Appellant has failed to identify any
materials that were withheld, let alone ones favorable to the defense.
Therefore, we conclude that the PCRA court did not err in finding no merit in
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Appellant’s Brady claim.2 See, e.g., Commonwealth v. Roney, 79 A.3d
595, 610 (Pa. 2013) (explaining Brady claim failed because, inter alia, the
“PCRA court found that the Commonwealth had disclosed all the information
in its possession”).
Appellant’s remaining claims are of ineffective assistance of counsel.
The following principles guide our review.
Counsel is presumed effective, and an appellant has the
burden of proving otherwise. In order for Appellant to prevail on
a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, he must show, by a
preponderance of the evidence, ineffective assistance of counsel
which so undermined the truth-determining process that no
reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place.
To prevail on his ineffectiveness claims, Appellant
must plead and prove by a preponderance of the
evidence that: (1) the underlying legal claim has
arguable merit; (2) counsel had no reasonable basis
for his action or inaction; and (3) Appellant suffered
prejudice because of counsel’s action or inaction.
With regard to the [reasonable basis] prong, we will
conclude that counsel’s chosen strategy lacked a
reasonable basis only if Appellant proves that an
alternative not chosen offered a potential for success
substantially greater than the course actually
pursued. To establish the [prejudice] prong,
Appellant must show that there is a reasonable
probability that the outcome of the proceedings would
have been different but for counsel’s action or
inaction.
____________________________________________
2 Furthermore, as the Commonwealth notes, Ms. Dupree’s medical records do
not support a Brady claim because they were not within the exclusive control
of the prosecution, but were equally available to Appellant. Commonwealth’s
brief at 11 (citing, inter alia, Commonwealth v. Miller, 746 A.2d 592, 600
(Pa. 2000) (holding Brady claim meritless because hospital records in
question were equally available to prosecution and defense)).
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Commonwealth v. Brown, 161 A.3d 960, 965 (Pa.Super. 2017) (citations
and quotation marks omitted).
Appellant contends that PCRA counsel should have amended the PCRA
petition to state various claims of prior counsel’s ineffectiveness.3 Appellant’s
brief at 16-25. Among these allegations are Appellant’s contentions that all
of his attorneys rendered ineffective assistance in failing to raise or litigate the
claims that the trial court lacked authority to sentence him and that the
Commonwealth committed a Brady violation. As we have determined that
those claims lack merit for the reasons discussed above, none of his attorneys
was ineffective in failing to pursue them. Commonwealth v. Sneed, 45 A.3d
1096, 1115 (Pa. 2012) (“Counsel will not be deemed ineffective for failing to
raise a meritless claim.”).
Appellant also asserts that his direct appeal counsel was ineffective in
failing to preserve the claim that the evidence at trial was insufficient to
sustain his rape conviction. In Appellant’s direct appeal, this Court reviewed
the sufficiency-of-the-evidence claims regarding the murder and sexual
assault convictions, but held that the claim regarding the rape conviction was
waived for failure to include it in the Rule 1925(b) statement. Palmero,
____________________________________________
3 Appellant preserved the issues related to PCRA counsel’s effectiveness by
raising them in the PCRA court in response to the notice of intent to dismiss.
See Objections to Intent to Dismiss, 11/16/16, at 3-7; Commonwealth v.
Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1186 (Pa.Super. 2012).
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supra (unpublished memorandum at 8). Appellant argues that he was
prejudiced by counsel’s failure to preserve the claim because “the rape
evidence is so weak and inconclusive that, as a matter of law” his conviction
would have been overturned. Appellant’s brief at 18.
Appellant seems to base his argument on the fact, repeatedly reiterated
throughout his brief, that Ms. Dupree testified that she did not think that she
had been raped. N.T. Trial, 9/24/13, at 171-72; N.T. Trial, 9/25/13 a.m., at
114. The statute under which Appellant was convicted provides that a person
commits rape where he engages in sexual intercourse with a complainant by
forcible compulsion. 18 Pa.C.S. § 3121(a)(1).
It is well-established that in order to prove the forcible
compulsion component, the Commonwealth must establish,
beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant used either
physical force, a threat of physical force, or psychological
coercion, since the mere showing of a lack of consent does not
support a conviction for rape by forcible compulsion. . . .
[F]orcible compulsion includes not only physical force or violence,
but also moral, psychological or intellectual force used to compel
a person to engage in sexual intercourse against that person’s will.
Commonwealth v. Eckrote, 12 A.3d 383, 387 (Pa.Super. 2010) (citations
and quotation marks omitted).
Notably absent from the elements is a requirement that the victim is
aware of the legal requirements of the crime or is of the opinion that she has
been subjected to an act that legally qualifies as “rape.” As the PCRA court
noted, Ms. Dupree testified that she did not want to have sex with Appellant
after he brutally murdered her lover, but Appellant had threatened her, saying
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he would “do the same thing to you that I did to him.” PCRA Court Opinion,
8/29/17, at 14. Further, he made his “request” for sex while brandishing the
knife with which he had killed Mr. Goode. Ms. Dupree testified that she did
not feel that she could say “no,” and that she was scared to scream because
she feared Appellant would stab her. N.T., 9/24/13, at 156-57. As such, the
evidence was sufficient to sustain Appellant’s rape conviction. Eckrote,
supra.
Appellant next contends that trial counsel was ineffective in failing to
cross-examine or impeach Ms. Dupree with the statement she gave to police
on June 2, 2010, and that all other counsel were ineffective for not raising the
claim. Appellant’s brief at 19-20. Initially, we note that the statement to
which Appellant refers is not that of Ms. Dupree, but rather that of Officer Jose
Viera reporting to the homicide division what Ms. Dupree had told him upon
his arrival at the crime scene. Appellant’s brief at Exhibit A. Moreover,
Appellant’s argument again hinges upon Ms. Dupree’s failure to indicate that
she had been raped, a fact we have held lacks the import Appellant ascribes
to it.
At any rate, the PCRA court found Appellant’s claim lacked merit,
offering the following analysis.
The victim was extensively cross-examined by trial counsel.
Further, “the mere fact that inconsistencies in testimony exist
does not ipso facto prove perjury.” Commonwealth v. Dyson,
378 A.2d 408, 411 n.5 (Pa. Super. 1977). However, it is not clear
there is an actual inconsistency in the testimony. The fact that
the victim stated she did not believe she had been raped does not
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mean that she was not raped. She stated that “he had forced me
to have sex before in the relationship. I didn’t really know that
that was rape.” N.T., 9/24/2013, at 172. . . . Further, the victim
testified that the reason she did not tell police about the rape right
away was due to her fear of petitioner. Id. at 166-168. Thus,
there was clearly forcible compulsion, and no amount of cross
examination of the witness would have changed the outcome of
the trial. Therefore, neither counsel can be deemed ineffective for
failing to preserve a meritless claim.
PCRA Court Opinion, 8/29/17, at 16-17.
The PCRA court’s determination is legally correct and supported by the
record. See N.T., 9/25/13 a.m., at 29-145 (cross-examination of Ms.
Dupree); N.T., 9/25/13 p.m., at 16-50 (continued cross-examination of Ms.
Dupree). Accordingly, Appellant’s argument entitles him to no relief from this
Court. Sneed, supra at 1115 (“Counsel will not be deemed ineffective for
failing to raise a meritless claim.”).
Finally, Appellant maintains that trial counsel was ineffective for failing
to present expert testimony to establish a diminished capacity defense.
Appellant’s brief at 23-25. The PCRA court analyzed the claim thusly.
In order to obtain relief for failure to call an expert witness,
petitioner must demonstrate: (1) that the witness existed; (2)
that the witnesses was available; (3) that counsel was informed
of the existence of the witnesses or should have known of their
existence; (4) that the witnesses were available and prepared to
cooperate and testify on petitioner’s behalf; and, (5) that the
absence of the testimony prejudiced petitioner. . . . [Appellant]
did not comply with these requirements, as he does not even
identify the potential expert witness. . . .
Here, trial counsel presented evidence that [Appellant] had
ingested PCP and alcohol, and this court instructed the jury that
voluntary intoxication could reduce a charge of first[-]degree
murder to third[-]degree murder. An expert would not have
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demonstratively added to the evidence such that a different
verdict would have resulted. Despite his alleged intoxication,
[Appellant] understood the nature of his crime and its
ramifications, disposed of one of the murder weapons, and then
raped the victim. [Appellant’s] claims are factually incorrect and
meritless.
PCRA Court Opinion, 8/29/17, at 15-16.
Once again, the PCRA court’s finding is supported by the record4 and
evidences no error of law. Appellant points to no available expert who would
have offered testimony to support the diminished capacity defense.
Accordingly, Appellant has not convinced us that relief is due.
Commonwealth v. Miner, 44 A.3d 684, 688 (Pa.Super. 2012) (“It is an
appellant’s burden to persuade us that the PCRA court erred and that relief is
due.”).
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/7/18
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4 See, e.g., N.T., 9/26/13, at 174-75 (counsel eliciting testimony about
Appellant’s use of PCP, rum, and beer on the day in question, that Appellant
was drunk and high, and that Appellant experienced hallucinations in such a
state); N.T., 9/27/13, at 106-07 (instruction to jury that voluntary intoxication
can render accused incapable of forming the specific intent to kill and that
Commonwealth had burden to disprove the defense).
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