Juan Enriquez v. Christina Melton Crain, Chair of the Texas Board of Criminal Justice Nathaniel Quarterman, Former Director TDCJ Brad Livingston, Former Executive Director TDCJ And John Rupert, Former Warden of Michael Unit TDCJ

TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN

NO. 03-17-00363-CV

Juan Enriquez, Appellant

v.

Christina Melton Crain, Chair of the Texas Board of Criminal Justice;
Nathaniel Quarterman, Former Director TDCJ;
Brad Livingston, Former Executive Director TDCJ; and
John Rupert, Former Warden of Michael Unit TDCJ, Appellees

FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 126TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-GN-17-000475, HONORABLE AMY CLARK MEACHUM, JUDGE PRESIDING

MEMORANDUM OPINION

This is an appeal from an order dismissing under Rule 91a a petition for bill of

review. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 91a (allowing dismissal of claims having “no basis in law or fact”).

Appellant is Juan Enriquez, an inmate in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice who is appearing

pro se and in forma pauperis, and appellees are Christina Melton Crain, Chair of the Texas Board

of Criminal Justice; Nathaniel Quarterman, Former Director TDCJ; Brad Livingston, Former

Executive Director TDCJ; and John Rupert, Former Warden of Michael Unit TDCJ (collectively,

“State Officials”). We will affirm the district court’s order of dismissal.
 Background1

Enriquez was convicted of murder and sentenced to death in Karnes County in 1966.

See Enriquez v. State, 429 S.W.2d 141, 145 (Tex. Crim. App. 1968). Enriquez’s death sentence

was later commuted to life in prison in 1972 after the Supreme Court declared the death penalty

unconstitutional in certain cases. See Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 239 (1972) (holding

unconstitutional the imposition and carrying out of death penalty in Georgia and Texas cases before

court); see also Enriquez v. Crain, No. 03-12-00065-CV, 2014 WL 236859, *1 (Tex. App.—Austin

Jan. 16, 2014, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (describing history). Enriquez was also convicted of four

other murders and sentenced to 99 years’ imprisonment for each in 1969. See Crain, 2014

WL 236859 at *1.

Enriquez filed the original civil action in June 2009 alleging, stated generally, that

the State Officials had violated his rights to due process and equal protection by confining him

without the commitment sentence required by law and that the State Officials had no authority to

confine him without a commitment sentence. See Id. at *2. The district court dismissed Enriquez’s

suit as frivolous under Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code, and we later

affirmed that judgment, holding that, among other things, a commitment warrant had been issued

when Enriquez was originally sentenced. See id. at *6.

Enriquez filed the underlying petition for bill of review in 2017, seeking to overturn

the judgment dismissing his civil suit against the State Officials. In his petition, he alleges that he

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Because the parties are familiar with the background of this case, we provide only a general
summary. We provide additional facts in the opinion as necessary to advise the parties of the Court’s
decision and the basic reasons for it. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1, 47.4.

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is entitled to bill of review on his claim for false imprisonment, alleging the State Officials used false

commitment inquiry data sheets reflecting a conviction that, according to Enriquez, does not exist,

thus denying him the opportunity to challenge the State Officials’ claims. The State Officials filed

a motion to dismiss under Rule 91, contending that Enriquez’s suit has no basis in law because

Enriquez has previously litigated this issue. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 91a.1. The district court granted

the State Officials’ motion and dismissed Enriquez’s petition for bill of review. Enriquez perfected

this appeal.

Discussion

Enriquez raises four issues on appeal: (1) the district court lacked jurisdiction to

dismiss under Rule 91a a case governed by Chapter 14; (2) the district court lacked jurisdiction to

hear or render judgment on the dismissal because of the Travis County local Rule 1.4; (3) the district

court erred by failing to address Enriquez’s “dilatory motions” before granting the State Officials’

motion to dismiss; and (4) the district court abused its discretion by denying Enriquez a live hearing.

Rule 91a and inmate litigation

In his first issue, Enriquez contends that the district court lacked jurisdiction to

dismiss his case under Rule 91a because that rule does not apply in cases, such as his, that are

“governed by Chapter 14 of the Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code.” Id.; see Tex. Civ. Prac.

& Rem. Code § 14.002 (Chapter 14 applies to actions “brought by an inmate.”); see generally Tex.

Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code §§ 14.001–.014 (“Inmate Litigation”). Rule 91a is a rule of procedure—it

provides a procedural mechanism by which a party can challenge and have dismissed an opposing

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party’s claims on the grounds that they lack a basis in law or fact. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 91a. It neither

confers nor limits a district court’s jurisdiction, which has been established by the Texas Constitution

and the Legislature. See Tex. Const. art. V, § 8 (district court’s jurisdiction “consists of exclusive,

appellate, and original jurisdiction of all actions, proceedings, and remedies, except in cases where

exclusive, appellate, or original jurisdiction may be conferred by this Constitution or other law on

some other court, tribunal, or administrative body”); Tex. Gov’t Code §§ 24.007–.008 (generally

conferring on district courts “the jurisdiction provided by” the Texas Constitution and jurisdiction

“to hear and determine any cause that is cognizable by courts of law or equity . . . and grant any relief

that could be granted by either courts of law or equity”). As such, any error in applying Rule 91a

to an action brought by an inmate would not eliminate the district court’s jurisdiction.

To the extent that Enriquez is attempting to argue that the district court erred in

dismissing his claim under Rule 91a because that rule does not apply to inmate litigation, Enriquez

failed to preserve such a complaint by not objecting to or challenging Rule 91a’s use before the

district court. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1 (requiring “a timely request, objection, or motion that states

the grounds for the ruling . . . with sufficient specificity to make the trial court aware of the

complaint” to preserve error for appeal). And even if Enriquez had preserved his complaint, he has

not shown that he suffered any harm by the error, nor could he given that Chapter 14 provides a

similar procedural mechanism, allowing dismissal “if the court finds that . . . the claim is frivolous

. . . [having] no arguable basis in law or in fact.” Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 14.003l; see Tex.

R. App. P. 44.1 (“No judgment may be reversed on appeal on the ground that the trial court made

an error of law unless the court of appeals concludes that the error complained of . . . probably

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caused the rendition of an improper judgment” or “probably prevented the appellant from properly

presenting the case to the court of appeals.”).

We overrule Enriquez’s first issue.

Travis County local rules and jurisdiction

In his second issue, Enriquez argues that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to render

judgment because Travis County local rules provide that “any motion challenging a prior ruling must

be presented to the judge who made the ruling, including a visiting judge.” Travis County Civ. Dist.

Ct. Loc. R. 1.4. Similar to Rule 91a, Travis County Rule 1.4 is a rule of procedure, not jurisdiction,

thus the failure to comply with it does not deprive the district court of jurisdiction. See Polk v.

Southwest. Crossing Homeowners Ass’n, 165 S.W.3d 89, 94 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]

2005, pet. denied) (holding that failure to comply with local rules’ procedural requirements does not

deprive court of its jurisdiction).

To the extent that Enriquez is attempting to argue that the district court erred by not

complying with local rule 1.4, Enriquez has failed to preserve any complaint regarding such an error.

See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1. To preserve a complaint of error for appellate review on this issue,

Enriquez needed to have made a timely request, objection, or motion to the trial court. See id. Here,

Enriquez did not challenge the assignment under local rule 1.4 until after the district court had ruled

on the matter Enriquez now claims should have been set before the original judge.

We overrule Enriquez’s second issue.

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Enriquez’s prior-filed motions

Enriquez contends in his third issue that it was error for the district court to rule on

the State Officials’ motion to dismiss before addressing his prior-filed summary-judgment motion,

motion in limine, and plea to jurisdiction. But a trial court’s ruling on a motion need not be

expressly stated. Dahlem v. State, 322 S.W.3d 685, 691 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2010, pet. ref’d).

Here, by granting the State Officials’ motion to dismiss, the district court impliedly denied

Enriquez’s pending motions. And even if the district court had not ruled on his motions, Enriquez

does not explain how failing to do so was improper or caused him any harm. See Tex. R. App. P.

44.1 (requiring harmful error).

We overrule Enriquez’s third issue.

Denial of live hearing

In his final issue, Enriquez argues that the trial court abused its discretion in denying

a live hearing on the State Officials’ Rule 91a motion to allow Enriquez to present evidence of a

meritorious claim. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 91a.6 (“The court may, but is not required to, conduct a

hearing on the motion to dismiss.”). First, we note that an inmate does not have an absolute right

to appear in court in a civil proceeding. See Perry v. Williams, No. 02-12-00006-CV, 2013

WL 3064519, at *4 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth June 20, 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.). More

importantly, Rule 91a expressly forbids the consideration of evidence in a Rule 91a motion

premised on “no basis in law”: “Except as required [to determine costs and attorney fees], the court

may not consider evidence in ruling on the motion and must decide the motion based solely on

the pleading of the cause of action, together with any pleading exhibits permitted by Rule 59.”

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Tex. R. Civ. P. 91a.6. Accordingly, Enriquez was not entitled to present evidence at a live hearing

or otherwise.

We overrule Enriquez’s fourth issue.

Conclusion

Having overruled each of Enriquez’s issues, we affirm the district court’s order

of dismissal.

_________________________________________
Jeff Rose, Chief Justice

Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Pemberton and Goodwin

Affirmed

Filed: July 6, 2018

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