TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-18-00249-CR1
Steven Michael Brown, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TOM GREEN COUNTY, 119TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. B-13-0564-SB, THE HONORABLE BEN WOODWARD, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Steven Michael Brown2 pleaded guilty to the indicted offense of aggravated assault
with a deadly weapon, see Tex. Penal Code § 22.01(a)(2), and was sentenced by the trial court to
confinement for seven years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
Appellant raises two issues on appeal. He challenges the trial court’s jurisdiction based on an
alleged failure to comply with the presentment requirements for indictments and raises equal
1
The notice of appeal in this case was originally filed in July 2016. The Supreme Court of
Texas ordered the case transferred to the Eighth Court of Appeals pursuant to its docket equalization
authority. See Tex. Gov’t Code § 73.001; Misc. Docket No. 16-9040 (Tex. Mar. 22, 2016) (per
curiam). This Court transferred the case to our sister court in August 2016. In April 2018, the
Supreme Court of Texas ordered that this case, along with certain other cases, be transferred back
to this Court from the Eighth Court, and we consider this appeal pursuant to that order. See
Misc. Docket No. 18-9054 (Tex. Apr. 12, 2018) (per curiam).
2
According to appellant, the proper spelling of his middle name is “Micheal.” We refer to
appellant by the name as it appears on the judgment.
protection concerns in the event this Court overrules his jurisdictional challenge. We affirm the trial
court’s judgment of conviction.
Background3
Appellant was charged by indictment with the offense of aggravated assault with a
deadly weapon. Specifically, the indictment, signed by the foreman of the grand jury, stated:
The Grand Jurors for the County of Tom Green, State of Texas, duly selected,
impaneled, sworn, charged and organized as such at the January Term, A.D. 2013,
of the 119th District Court of said County, upon their oaths present in and to said
Court, that STEVEN MICHAEL BROWN, Defendant on or about the 13th day of
April, 2013, and before the presentation of this indictment, in said County and State,
did then and there intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly cause bodily injury to
Richard Dennery by striking him, and the defendant did then and there use or exhibit
a deadly weapon, to-wit: a glass bottle which in the manner of its use and intended
use was capable of causing death and serious bodily injury, during the commission
of said assault;
AGAINST THE PEACE AND DIGNITY OF THE STATE.
See Tex. Penal Code § 22.01(a). The indictment was file stamped by the district clerk on
June 3, 2013.
In January 2015, the trial court approved a pretrial diversion agreement between
appellant and the State. After appellant violated the terms of the pretrial diversion agreement, the
State’s case against him proceeded to trial in July 2016. Appellant pleaded guilty to the indicted
3
Because the parties are familiar with the facts of the case and its procedural history and the
facts and procedural history generally do not pertain to appellant’s issues, we provide only a general
overview. See Tex. R. App. P. 47.1, 47.4. The evidence at trial was that appellant assaulted Richard
Dennery at a bar on the night of April 13, 2013, by hitting him on the head with a glass bottle of
beer. Just before the assault, appellant and Dennery had a brief altercation.
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charge and elected for the trial court to determine his punishment. The trial court found him guilty
of the indicted charge and assessed punishment of seven years’ confinement. The trial court
thereafter entered judgment in accordance with its finding. This appeal followed.
Discussion
Presentment of Indictment
In his first issue, appellant contends that the trial court lacked jurisdiction because
there was a lack of “positive evidence of actual presentment recorded by the judge or court clerk.”
See Tex. Const. art. V, § 12(b) (“The presentment of an indictment or information to a court invests
the court with jurisdiction of the cause.”). To support his position, appellant argues that filing does
not equate with presentment and that the record here reflects “only filing,” and he cites cases
addressing the presentment requirement for motions for new trial. See, e.g., Gardner v. State,
306 S.W.3d 274, 305 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009) (in context of presenting motion for new trial,
requiring defendant to “put the trial judge on actual notice that he desires the judge to take some
action, such as making a ruling or holding a hearing”); Carranza v. State, 960 S.W.2d 76, 79 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1998) (same).
The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, this Court, and other courts, however, have
squarely addressed and rejected similar arguments to the ones appellant makes here. See State
v. Dotson, 224 S.W.3d 199, 204 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007); Mayes v. State, 536 S.W.3d 102,
107–08 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2017, pet. ref’d); Mediano v. State, No. 03-16-00211-CR,
2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *3 (Tex. App.—Austin July 18, 2017, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not
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designated for publication); Helsley v. State, No. 07-15-00350-CR, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 1986,
at *2–3 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Mar. 8, 2017, pet. ref’d) (mem. op., not designated for publication).
In our analysis of a substantially similar argument in Mediano, we recognized that
our Texas Constitution requires presentment of an indictment to vest the court with jurisdiction of
the cause. See Mediano, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *3 (citing Tex. Const. art. V, § 12(b)); see
also Helsley, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 1986, at *2. We also explained that presentment occurs when
an indictment is delivered “to the judge or clerk of the court.” Mediano, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548,
at *3 (citing Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 20.21 (“When the indictment is ready to be presented, the
grand jury shall through their foreman, deliver the indictment to the judge or clerk of the court. At
least nine members of the grand jury must be present on such occasion.”)); see also Tex. Code Crim.
Proc. arts. 12.06 (“An indictment is considered as ‘presented’ when it has been duly acted upon by
the grand jury and received by the court.”); 20.22 (addressing recording of presentment). Citing the
reasoning in Dotson and Helsley, we then explained that “[a] signed indictment featuring an original
file stamp of the district clerk’s office is strong evidence that a returned indictment was ‘presented’
to the court clerk within the meaning of Article 20.21.” Mediano, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at
*3–4 (citing Dotson, 224 S.W.3d at 204 (indictment bearing original file stamp “convincingly
show[ed] the presentment requirement was satisfied”); Helsley, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 1986, at *2);
see Mayes, 536 S.W.3d at 107–08.
Here the record contains the indictment, reflecting on its face that it was issued by
the grand jury and signed by that body’s foreman, and the indictment was file stamped by the district
clerk on June 3, 2013. See Dotson, 224 S.W.3d at 204; Mayes, 536 S.W.3d at 107–08; Mediano,
4
2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *4 (observing that “filing the indictment would be impossible
without it being presented to the clerk”). The record also shows the trial court’s receipt of the
indictment. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 12.06; Mediano, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *4–5;
Helsley, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 1986, at *2–3. The indictment itself states: “The Grand Jurors for
the County of Tom Green, State of Texas, duly selected, impaneled, sworn, charged and organized
as such at the January Term, A.D. 2013, of the 119th District Court of said County, upon their oaths
present in and to said Court . . . .” Further, among other actions reflecting receipt of the indictment,
the prosecutor read the indictment to appellant in open court at a pretrial hearing after being directed
to do so by the trial court, and the trial court asked appellant at trial how he pleaded to the indicted
charge after appellant waived having the indictment read again. See Mediano, 2017 Tex. App.
LEXIS 6548, at *4–5 (concluding that evidence in record, including recitations in indictment and
reading of indictment in open court, showed that district court had received grand jury’s indictment);
Helsley, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 1986, at *2–3 (concluding that trial court’s direction to read
indictment in open court and asking defendant to enter plea as to indictment established that “trial
court accepted, came into possession of, or otherwise received the indictment”).
Following the reasoning from these cases, we conclude that the presentment
requirement was met to vest the trial court with jurisdiction to consider the State’s case against
appellant. We overrule appellant’s first issue.
Equal Protection
In his second issue, appellant raises an equal protection argument based on the
presentment requirements for indictments as compared with motions for new trial in the event that
5
this Court overrules his first issue. He also argues that he is raising this equal protection argument
at the “‘earliest opportunity,’ presuming this Court does not agree with [his] Issue One.” When
faced with substantially the same arguments in Mediano, this Court concluded that the appellant had
not preserved the issue for appellate review. See 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *6–7. We
observed that equal protection claims must be preserved for appellate review. Id. at *6 (citing
Moreno v. State, 409 S.W.3d 723, 728–29 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, pet. ref’d) (citing
Saldano v. State, 70 S.W.3d 873, 889–90 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)); Helsley, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS
1986, at *3–4); see also Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 1.14(b) (“If the defendant does not object to a
defect, error, or irregularity of form or substance in an indictment . . . before the date on which the
trial on the merits commences, he waives and forfeits the right to object to the defect, error, or
irregularity and he may not raise the objection on appeal or in any other postconviction
proceeding.”). We then disagreed with the appellant that he had raised the argument at his “earliest
opportunity,” explaining that the appellant “knew that his indictment had been accepted as properly
presented because his case proceeded to trial where the court made multiple references to the
indictment.” Mediano, 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *6.
Similarly, in this case, appellant was aware that the trial court had accepted the
indictment as properly presented because the indictment was read in open court at the trial court’s
direction and his case proceeded to trial with the trial court making multiple references to the
indictment, but he did not raise his equal protection argument with the trial court. Id. (noting that
appellant “points to no authority supporting his decision to delay his complaint about a perceived
equal-protection issue on presentment requirements for indictments and motions for new trial”);
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see also Mayes, 536 S.W.3d at 108 (concluding that issue raising equal protection concerns based
on presentment requirements for indictments as compared with motions for new trial was not
preserved for appellate review because appellant did not raise issue with trial court); Helsley,
2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 1986, at *4 (same).
Following our reasoning in Mediano, we conclude that appellant failed to preserve
this issue for appellate review. See 2017 Tex. App. LEXIS 6548, at *6–7. We overrule appellant’s
second issue.
Conclusion
Having overruled appellant’s issues, we affirm the trial court’s judgment
of conviction.
__________________________________________
Melissa Goodwin, Justice
Before Chief Justice Rose, Justices Goodwin and Field
Affirmed
Filed: July 31, 2018
Do Not Publish
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Steven Michael Brown v. State
Combined Opinion