IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-17-00150-CR
No. 10-17-00151-CR
ROBERT TEMPLE SUMMERS, III,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
From the 220th District Court
Bosque County, Texas
Trial Court Nos. CR 14458 and CR 14459
OPINION
Appellant Robert Temple Summers, III, appeals from the sentence rendered
against him on or about April 3, 2017, in each of these underlying cases. Summers
contends that (1) the evidence is insufficient to support the trial court’s decision to order
that he pay court-appointed attorney fees in each case and (2) the judgments erroneously
state that he waived his right to appeal. For the reasons stated below, we affirm the trial
court’s judgments as modified.
Background
Summers pleaded guilty, pursuant to plea agreements, to evading arrest with a
motor vehicle in trial court cause number CR 14458 and to possession of a prohibited
weapon in trial court cause number CR 14459. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 38.04 (West
2016), § 46.05 (West Supp. 2017). In each case, the trial court deferred an adjudication of
guilt, placed Summers on community supervision for five years, and imposed a $1,000
fine.
The State subsequently moved to proceed to an adjudication of guilt in each case,
alleging that Summers violated several conditions of his community supervision.
Summers thereafter applied for and was appointed an attorney to represent him in both
cases. The order appointing counsel stated, “The Court finds that the Defendant, while
indigent, has the ability to pay at least the amount of $500 which is a minimum attorney’s
fee based on this Court’s fee schedule.”
On April 4, 2016, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing on the State’s motions
to proceed to adjudications of guilt. The trial court found that Summers had violated
several conditions of his community supervision and accordingly adjudicated Summers
guilty of both the evading-arrest offense and possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon offense.
The trial court then orally pronounced a sentence of “two years in the State Jail facility, a
$1,000 fine, [and] court costs” for the evading-arrest offense and a sentence of “two years
in the Institutional Division, a $1,000 fine[,] and $219 in court costs” for the possession-
of-a-prohibited-weapon offense. But the trial court suspended the sentence of
confinement in both cases and again placed Summers on community supervision for five
Summers v. State Page 2
years. The trial court then stated, “All the terms and conditions of probation are carried
forward and . . . I’ll add fifty additional hours of community service to the hours that
were announced originally. So [Summers] get[s] to do fifty more hours in each case.”
The trial court also declared that “an additional expense to the term[s] and condition[s]
of [Summers’s] probation” was that he had “to pay the county back for the work that [his
attorney] did.” The trial court specified, “Total of $450. $350 in [the evading-arrest case],
another $100 in [the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case] and those are in addition
to the other assessments.” Summers had signed a waiver of appeal in each case before
the hearing, and he confirmed on the record at the end of the hearing that he was waiving
his right of appeal.
That same day, the trial court signed a written judgment adjudicating guilt in each
case. The judgment in the evading-arrest case sentenced Summers to twenty-four
months’ confinement in the state jail division, suspended for five years’ community
supervision; assessed a $1,000 fine; and ordered Summers to pay court costs of $219.
Similarly, the judgment in the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case sentenced
Summers to twenty-four months’ confinement in the institutional division, suspended
for five years’ community supervision; assessed a $1,000 fine; and ordered Summers to
pay court costs of $219. The judgments further incorporated by reference the orders
setting forth the terms and conditions of community supervision, which were also signed
by the trial court in each case on April 4, 2016. Condition No. 16 in the orders required
Summers to pay a “COURT-APPOINTED ATTORNEY FEE in the amount of $350.00” in
Summers v. State Page 3
the evading-arrest case and “in the amount of $100.00” in the possession-of-a-prohibited-
weapon case.
The next day, April 5, 2016, the district clerk prepared a bill of costs in each case,
itemizing various fees and costs. The bill of costs was not expressly incorporated into the
judgments. Instead, it was separately filed by the district clerk. In the evading-arrest
case, the bill of costs totaled $1,719, consisting of a line item of $1,000 for the fine assessed,
various line item fees totaling $219, and a line item of $500 for “COURT APPOINTED
ATTORNEYCRIMINAL.” Similarly, in the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case, the
bill of costs totaled $1,319, consisting of a line item of $1,000 for the fine assessed, various
line item fees totaling $219, and a line item of $100 for “COURT APPOINTED
ATTORNEYCRIMINAL.”
The State again moved to revoke Summers’s community supervision, alleging that
he again violated certain terms and conditions of his community supervision. Summers
again applied for and was appointed an attorney to represent him in both cases. Unlike
in the first order appointing counsel in these cases, however, the trial court found in the
second order appointing counsel that Summers was indigent and unable to pay anything.
On April 3, 2017, the trial court held an evidentiary hearing on the motions to
revoke Summers’s community supervision and found that Summers had violated several
conditions of his community supervision. Accordingly, the trial court revoked
Summers’s community supervision and orally pronounced his sentence as follows:
Sentence in Cause No. 14458 [the evading-arrest case], sentence is 20
months in the State jail, court costs, $350 in court appointed attorney’s fees,
all those -- $1,000 fine, court costs. All financial obligations, Mr. Summers,
Summers v. State Page 4
will be given credit for. Some of these he’s already paid. The others will be
carried forward.
Cause No. 14459 [the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case],
sentence is two years in the Institutional Division, $1,000 fine, court costs,
$100 in court appointed attorney fees. Mr. Summers will be given credit for
all of those financial obligations to the extent that he’s paid them. Balance
is carried forward.
The trial court then stated the following in open court regarding Summers’s right of
appeal:
Mr. Summers, obviously, this is not an agreed revocation and so you
need to be aware that you may have some appellate rights in this regard.
I’ll leave it to [your attorney] to advise you regarding those appellate rights,
but I will tell you that since Counsel was appointed to represent you, you’re
probably entitled to appointed counsel on appeal, if you desire to appeal
the decision of this Court. There’s a limited time period for you to give
proper notice of that and [your attorney] can give you that information.
[Summers’s attorney], if Mr. Summers desires to appeal, your
appointment would continue until or unless you give notice to the Court of
a motion to withdraw and you file a motion for new trial and a notice of
appeal.
On April 20, 2017, the trial court signed a written judgment revoking Summers’s
community supervision in each case.1 The judgment in the evading-arrest case states that
the “Original Punishment Assessed” was twenty-four months’ confinement in the state
jail division, suspended for five years’ community supervision; a $1,000 fine; court costs;
court-appointed attorney’s fees in the amount of $350; and fifty community-service
hours. The judgment then sentenced Summers to twenty months’ confinement in the
1 The trial court subsequently signed a nunc pro tunc judgment revoking Summers’s community
supervision in each case on May 1, 2017, but the corrections that the trial court made are not relevant to
these appeals.
Summers v. State Page 5
state jail division, assessed a $1,000 fine, and ordered Summers to pay court costs of $219.
Similarly, the judgment in the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case states that the
“Original Punishment Assessed” was twenty-four months’ confinement in the
institutional division, suspended for five years’ community supervision; a $1,000 fine;
court costs; court-appointed attorney’s fees in the amount of $100; and fifty community-
service hours. The judgment then sentenced Summers to twenty-four months’
confinement in the institutional division, assessed a $1,000 fine, and ordered Summers to
pay court costs of $219. The judgment in each case also states, “Defendant waived
appeal.”
That same day in the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case, and the next day,
April 21, 2017, in the evading-arrest case, the district clerk prepared a bill of costs. The
bills of costs were not expressly incorporated into the judgments. Instead, they were
separately filed by the district clerk. In the evading-arrest case, the bill of costs again
totaled $1,719, consisting of a line item of $1,000 for the fine assessed, various line item
fees totaling $219, and a line item of $500 for “COURT APPOINTED
ATTORNEYCRIMINAL.” Similarly, in the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case, the
bill of costs again totaled $1,319, consisting of a line item of $1,000 for the fine assessed,
various line item fees totaling $219, and a line item of $100 for “COURT APPOINTED
ATTORNEYCRIMINAL.”
The trial court subsequently signed a certification of defendant’s right of appeal,
stating that each case “is not a plea-bargain case and the Defendant has the right of
appeal.” Summers filed a notice of appeal in each case, stating that he desired to appeal
Summers v. State Page 6
from the sentence rendered against him on April 3, 2017. The appeals were docketed as
appellate court cause number 10-17-00150-CR in the evading-arrest case and appellate
court cause number 10-17-00151-CR in the possession-of-a-prohibited-weapon case. The
trial court then granted Summers’s trial attorney’s motion to withdraw as his attorney of
record in both cases and appointed an attorney to represent Summers in these appeals.
The order appointing Summers an appellate attorney states, “The Court presumes the
Defendant remains indigent and entitled to appointed counsel.”
Court-Appointed Attorney Fees
In his first issue in each of these appeals, Summers contends that the evidence is
insufficient to support the trial court’s decision to order him to pay court-appointed
attorney fees. Summers acknowledges that when the trial court adjudicated his guilt and
first ordered him to pay attorney fees in each case, the trial court had found that he had
the ability to pay at least the amount of $500 in attorney fees. Summers argues that at
that time, however, the trial court ordered him to pay attorney fees only as a condition of
his community supervision. Summers claims that by the time the trial court revoked his
community supervision and ordered him to pay attorney fees as an independent
obligation in each case, the trial court had found that he was unable to pay any amount
in attorney fees.
The State first responds by arguing that Summers’s notices of appeal, each of
which states that he is appealing “from the sentence herein rendered against Defendant
... on April 3, 2017,” do not confer jurisdiction on this Court to entertain Summers’s issues
about the assessment of court-appointed attorney fees. Specifically, the State claims that
Summers v. State Page 7
Summers’s notices of appeal are insufficient because attorney fees are not part of the
“sentence” and are instead court costs. The State further notes that the written judgments
in these cases do not assess the attorney fees. The bills of costs show the assessment of
attorney fees, and the bills of costs are not expressly incorporated into the written
judgments. The State contends that Summers is therefore not appealing from the
judgments in these cases but that Summers is appealing from the bills of costs and bills
of costs are not appealable orders.
The Court of Criminal Appeals has held that the issue of whether the evidence is
sufficient to support attorney fees mandated by the certified bill of costs in a case is a
criminal law matter that a defendant may properly challenge on direct appeal. Ex parte
Knight, 401 S.W.3d 60, 66 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013); Armstrong v. State, 340 S.W.3d 759, 766-
67 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011). The issue may be addressed on direct appeal even if the
attorney fees as set forth in the certified bill of costs are not incorporated by reference in
the written judgment. Armstrong, 340 S.W.3d at 767. The only question in the appeals
before us then is whether Summers’s notices of appeal are sufficient to have triggered our
appellate jurisdiction to address the issue in each of these cases.
Our appellate jurisdiction is triggered by the timely filing of a sufficient notice of
appeal. Olivo v. State, 918 S.W.2d 519, 522 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996); see TEX. R. APP. P.
25.2(b). “Notice is sufficient if it shows the party’s desire to appeal from the judgment or
other appealable order. . . .” TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(c)(2). Summers’s notices of appeal in
these cases each state that he is appealing “from the sentence herein rendered against
Defendant ... on April 3, 2017.” [Emphasis added.] An order requiring repayment of
Summers v. State Page 8
attorney fees is not, however, part of a defendant’s sentence. Knight, 401 S.W.3d at 66
(citing Armstrong, 340 S.W.3d at 765-67).
But on April 3, 2017, when orally pronouncing Summers’s sentence in these cases,
the trial court, albeit wrongly, indicated that the order requiring repayment of attorney
fees was included as part of Summers’s sentence. Furthermore, “[t]he Texas Rules of
Appellate Procedure were amended in 2002 to prevent trivial, repairable mistakes or
defects from divesting appellate courts of the jurisdiction to consider the merits of both
State and defense appeals in criminal cases.” Few v. State, 230 S.W.3d 184, 187 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2007). The Rules of Appellate Procedure now allow amended notices of appeal to
be filed to correct defects or omissions in earlier filed notices. TEX. R. APP. P. 25.2(f). We
therefore conclude that Summers’s notices of appeal in these cases are sufficient to have
triggered our appellate jurisdiction to address his first issue in each of these appeals.
The State next contends that Summers has forfeited his complaints about being
ordered to repay court-appointed attorney fees. The State asserts that the trial court
ordered the repayment of attorney fees in each case in April 2016, when the trial court
adjudicated Summers’s guilt and then placed him on community supervision for the
second time in each case. The State avers that in April 2017, when the trial court
subsequently revoked Summers’s community supervision, the trial court merely “carried
forward” the obligation to repay attorney fees in each case. The State argues that
Summers’s complaints about being ordered to repay attorney fees should therefore have
been raised in appeals immediately following the adjudications of his guilt and his
placement on community supervision in 2016. The State contends that Summers has
Summers v. State Page 9
forfeited the complaints by waiting to raise the issues in these appeals following the
revocation of his community supervision in 2017.
To support its position, the State relies on Wiley v. State, 410 S.W.3d 313 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2013), and Riles v. State, 452 S.W.3d 333 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015). In Wiley, after
finding the appellant indigent and appointing him counsel, the trial court accepted the
appellant’s guilty plea, entered pursuant to a plea agreement, and pronounced his
sentence. 410 S.W.3d at 314. The trial court, however, suspended the sentence and placed
the appellant on community supervision. Id. On the same date, the trial court entered
the written judgment, which included an assessment of court costs in the amount of $898.
Id. The judgment also incorporated the appellant’s conditions of community supervision,
and, in a declaration signed by the appellant that appeared on the last page of the
judgment, the appellant acknowledged that the conditions of community supervision
had been read and explained to him and that he understood them. Id. at 314-15. The
conditions expressly included a requirement that the appellant pay, as court costs, all
court-appointed attorney fees, which was then followed by the statement in bold, capital
letters, “SEE THE ATTACHED BILL OF COSTS.” Id. at 314-15 & n.3. The bill of costs
was attached to the judgment and indicated that it had been printed on the same day that
the trial court entered the judgment. See id. at 314-15. It itemized the particulars of the
court costs, which included a $400 cost for the appellant’s court-appointed attorney
during the plea proceedings. Id. at 315.
About two months later, the State in Wiley moved to revoke the appellant’s
community supervision. Id. After again finding the appellant indigent and appointing
Summers v. State Page 10
him counsel, the trial court conducted a hearing on the State’s motion and then revoked
the appellant’s community supervision. Id. The trial court entered the written judgment
on the same day. Id. A new bill of costs itemizing the appellant’s total court costs was
then printed the next day. Id. The court costs included the unpaid $400 balance for the
court-appointed attorney who represented the appellant when the trial court initially
placed him on community supervision. Id.
The appellant in Wiley thereafter appealed, complaining for the first time that the
evidence had been insufficient to support the order that he pay for his court-appointed
attorney for the initial plea proceedings. Id. at 314. The appellant argued that he had not
forfeited his complaint by failing to raise it in an appeal immediately following his
placement on community supervision because he was not appealing from the original
order imposing the reimbursement of appointed attorney fees as a condition of his
community supervision. Id. at 319. The appellant contended that he was instead
“appealing the later revocation order, which improperly reiterated the requirement that
he reimburse his appointed attorney fees even though he would no longer enjoy the
benefits of community supervision.” Id. The appellant claimed that, without the addition
of that explicit requirement in the revocation order, he would not have been expected to
reimburse those fees any more than he would have been expected to continue to fulfill
any other routine condition of community supervision. Id.
The Court of Criminal Appeals disagreed, first explaining that when the trial court
in Wiley initially placed the appellant on community supervision, it did not order the
reimbursement of attorney fees only as a condition of community supervision. Id. at 319-
Summers v. State Page 11
20. Instead, “the specific terms of the judgment (rightly or wrongly) included as court
costs the reimbursement of appointed attorney fees.” Id. at 320. In other words, when
the trial court initially placed the appellant on community supervision, it ordered the
reimbursement of attorney fees not only as a condition of community supervision but
also as an independent obligation under the initial judgment. See id. at 319-20. The Court
of Criminal Appeals then explained that the record showed that the appellant was aware
of the requirement that he pay court costs, including the cost of his court-appointed
attorney fees, even as of the time that he signed the original judgment, and was also well
aware of the amount of the cost of his court-appointed attorney fees during the plea
proceedings. Id. at 320-21. The Court of Criminal Appeals therefore concluded that the
appellant could readily have raised his challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence to
support the order that he pay for his court-appointed attorney for the initial plea
proceedings in a direct appeal from the initial judgment imposing community
supervision and that the appellant would have known to raise the sufficiency claim at the
time of any direct appeal from the initial judgment. Id. Failing to do so constituted a
forfeiture of the claim. Id.
Similarly, in Riles, the trial court appointed counsel for the appellant after finding
her to be indigent. 452 S.W.3d at 334. The appellant thereafter pleaded guilty, and the
trial court deferred her adjudication and placed her on community supervision. Id. The
appellant had signed plea papers, admonishing her that there would be mandatory costs
of community supervision, including court costs and court-appointed attorney fees, and
that by “entering this Plea and Disposition Agreement,” she was affirming to the trial
Summers v. State Page 12
court that she had the financial resources to pay the costs associated with community
supervision. Id. The appellant had also signed an application for community supervision
that stated that if she were granted community supervision, she would “reimburse the
county in which the prosecution was instituted for compensation paid to appointed
counsel for defending [her] in the case.” Id. Finally, the same day that she pleaded guilty,
the appellant also signed the order of deferred adjudication, which stated that she was
ordered to pay “all court costs including Court Appointed Attorney Fee.” Id. The order
further stated, “Court Costs: see attached.” Id. Sixteen days later, the district clerk’s bill
of costs issued, listing $1,000 for the court-appointed attorney fee. Id. at 334-35.
The State in Riles subsequently moved to proceed with an adjudication of the
appellant’s guilt and to revoke her community supervision. Id. at 335. About one year
later, the trial court then signed a judgment adjudicating the appellant’s guilt. Id. The
judgment also included an order for the appellant to pay all fines, court costs, and
restitution “as indicated on the attached Bill of Costs.” Id. The next day, the district clerk
issued the updated bill of costs, which cited the $1,000 assessment for “Attorney Fee(s)—
Original Plea Agreement.” Id.
The appellant in Riles appealed from the judgment adjudicating guilt, “arguing
that the trial court erred in ordering her to pay the attorney fee without any evidence that
she had the ability to pay it.” Id. The court of appeals, however, relying in part on Wiley,
held that the appellant had forfeited her complaint by not raising it in an appeal from the
initial order of deferred adjudication. Id. (citing Riles v. State, 417 S.W.3d 606, 607 (Tex.
App.—Amarillo 2013), aff’d, 452 S.W.3d at 333). The appellant subsequently filed a
Summers v. State Page 13
petition for discretionary review in the Court of Criminal Appeals. Id. at 336. She argued
that although she agreed that Wiley requires that challenges to attorney fees that are
assessed as a condition of community supervision be brought up on an appeal from the
original imposition of the community supervision, the requirement is conditioned on the
defendant having knowledge of both the existence and amount of the attorney fee,
neither of which she had. Id.
The Court of Criminal Appeals explained that “Wiley does, in fact, premise
procedural default on an appellant’s knowledge of, and failure to challenge, an issue.”
Id. at 337. It determined, however, that, contrary to appellant’s argument, the record in
Riles reflected multiple points where the appellant acknowledged the obligation to pay
the attorney fee. Id. For instance, when the trial court initially deferred the appellant’s
adjudication and placed her on community supervision, it ordered the reimbursement of
attorney fees not only as a condition of community supervision but also as court costs,
i.e., an independent obligation under the order of deferred adjudication, which the
appellant signed. See id.; id. at 338-39 (Keller, P.J., concurring). The Court of Criminal
Appeals therefore concluded that the appellant had knowledge of the attorney fee, and
could have challenged the sufficiency of the evidence supporting payment of the fee, at
the time of any direct appeal from the initial order for deferred adjudication. Id. at 337.
The Court of Criminal Appeals explained that the lack of knowledge of the exact amount
of the fee was irrelevant because the appellant’s argument in Riles was “against the
assignment of the fee as a whole, not against a portion of it or against a determination
that it should be paid as a lump sum versus paid on a payment plan.” Id. The Court of
Summers v. State Page 14
Criminal Appeals held that the appellant therefore forfeited her challenge to the
assignment of the fee because she did not raise the claim in a direct appeal of the deferred
adjudication order. Id.
The cases before us are distinguishable, however, from Wiley and Riles because the
trial court in these cases initially ordered the reimbursement of court-appointed attorney
fees only as conditions of community supervision. The trial court did not initially order
the reimbursement of attorney fees in these cases as court costs or independent
obligations under the judgments adjudicating Summers’s guilt.2
At the end of the April 2016 hearing on the State’s motions to proceed to
adjudications of guilt in these cases, the trial court stated that “an additional expense to
the term[s] and condition[s] of [Summers’s] probation” was that he had “to pay the
county back for the work that [his attorney] did.” The trial court then specified, “Total of
$450. $350 in [the evading-arrest case], another $100 in [the possession-of-a-prohibited-
weapon case] and those are in addition to the other assessments.” The trial court never
asserted that the attorney fees were being imposed as court costs or as independent
obligations, and the trial court never referenced a bill of costs. Therefore, at that time, the
trial court had ordered the reimbursement of attorney fees only as conditions of
Summers’s community supervision.
2For these reasons, this Court’s opinion in Hall v. State, 494 S.W.3d 390 (Tex. App.—Waco 2015, no pet.), is
also distinguishable. Hall involves a fine and restitution that were imposed in the original judgment and
then “carried forward” into the judgment revoking the appellant’s community supervision. Id. at 392.
Summers v. State Page 15
On the same day as the hearing, the trial court signed the written judgments
adjudicating Summers’s guilt. The judgment in each case shows the assessment of a
$1,000 fine, just as the trial court orally pronounced at the hearing, and the judgment in
each case shows that Summers was ordered to pay court costs in the specific amount of
$219. The judgments do not show that Summers was ordered to pay attorney fees as
court costs or as independent obligations, nor do the judgments make reference to a bill
of costs.3 Instead, the judgments incorporate by reference the orders setting forth the
terms and conditions of community supervision, which were also signed by the trial court
that day. And in accordance with what the trial court stated at the hearing, the orders
require Summers to pay a “COURT-APPOINTED ATTORNEY FEE in the amount of
$350.00” in the evading-arrest case and “in the amount of $100.00” in the possession-of-
a-prohibited-weapon case as conditions of his community supervision. The orders
setting forth the conditions of community supervision do not indicate that Summers was
ordered to also pay attorney fees as court costs or as independent obligations under the
judgments, nor do the orders make reference to a bill of costs. Therefore, at that time, the
trial court confirmed that the reimbursement of attorney fees had been ordered only as
3 The judgment adjudicating Summers’s guilt in the evading-arrest case includes a section that provides:
“Terms of Plea Bargain: (24) TWENTY-FOUR MONTHS IN STATE JAIL DIVISION, TDCJ PROBATED
FOR FIVE (5) YEARS, WITH ALL FEES ON DEFERRED CASE FORWARDED, $350.00 ATTORNEY FEES,
ADDITIONAL 50 HRS. CSR.” Similarly, the judgment adjudicating Summers’s guilt in the possession-of-
a-prohibited-weapon case includes a section that provides: “Terms of Plea Bargain: (24) TWENTY-FOUR
MONTHS IN INSTITUTIONAL DIVISION, TDCJ PROBATED FOR FIVE (5) YEARS, WITH ALL FEES ON
DEFERRED CASE FORWARDED, $100.00 ATTORNEY FEES, ADDITIONAL 50 HRS. CSR.” These
judgments adjudicating Summers’s guilt, however, were not reached as a result of plea bargains.
Accordingly, the reference in each of these judgments to attorney fees as being a term of a plea bargain
does not establish that Summers had been ordered by the trial court to pay attorney fees as independent
obligations under the judgments.
Summers v. State Page 16
conditions of Summers’s community supervision. Accordingly, Summers could not have
raised or forfeited any complaints about the trial court ordering the reimbursement of
attorney fees as an independent obligation because the trial court had not yet ordered
such reimbursement.
The next day, the district clerk prepared a bill of costs in each case that included a
line item for court-appointed attorney fees, and, for the first time, there was no indication
that the requirement to reimburse attorney fees was limited only to the conditions of
Summers’s community supervision. The bill of costs in each case appeared to require the
reimbursement of attorney fees as an independent obligation under the judgment. But
the State concedes in its brief, and we agree, that the district clerk does not have the
authority to assess attorney fees apart from an express order from the trial court. See In
re Daniel, 396 S.W.3d 545, 549 & n.19 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). Therefore, the district clerk,
in filing the bill of costs in each case, could not have extended the trial court’s order and
required Summers to reimburse the court-appointed attorney fees not only as conditions
of his community supervision but also as independent obligations under the judgments.
See id. In considering whether Summers forfeited his issues, however, what is more
important is that there is nothing in the records of these cases to show that the bills of
costs were provided to Summers or his counsel or that Summers or his counsel were
notified that bills of costs had been created. See Riles, 452 S.W.3d at 337 (“Wiley does, in
fact, premise procedural default on an appellant’s knowledge of, and failure to challenge,
an issue.”). Thus, we cannot conclude that Summers forfeited his complaints about the
trial court ordering the reimbursement of attorney fees as independent obligations by
Summers v. State Page 17
failing to raise the complaints immediately after the district clerk filed these bills of costs.
See id.
Instead, we conclude that the first time Summers or his counsel had knowledge
that he was ordered to reimburse attorney fees as independent obligations was in April
2017, when the trial court revoked Summers’s community supervision. Summers
immediately raised his complaints about being ordered to reimburse attorney fees as
independent obligations in these appeals. We therefore hold that Summers has not
forfeited his complaints about being ordered to repay court-appointed attorney fees as
independent obligations under the judgments revoking his community supervision.
Under Code of Criminal Procedure article 26.05(g), a trial court has the authority
to order the reimbursement of court-appointed attorney fees only if “the judge
determines that a defendant has financial resources that enable the defendant to offset in
part or in whole the costs of the legal services provided ..., including any expenses and
costs.” TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.05(g) (West Supp. 2017). “[T]he defendant’s
financial resources and ability to pay are explicit critical elements in the trial court’s
determination of the propriety of ordering reimbursement of costs and fees.” Armstrong,
340 S.W.3d at 765-66 (quoting Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 556 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010)).
Because the trial court had found that Summers was not able to pay anything at the time
that it ordered him to pay attorney fees as independent obligations under the judgments
revoking his community supervision, the assessment of attorney fees as independent
obligations under the judgments was erroneous. See Cates v. State, 402 S.W.3d 250, 251-
Summers v. State Page 18
52 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013). Accordingly, we sustain Summers’s first issue in each appeal
and modify the bill of costs in each case to delete the court-appointed attorney fees.
Waiver of Appeal
In his second issue in each of these appeals, Summers contends that the judgment
erroneously states that he waived his right to appeal. The State concedes in each appeal
that Summers did not waive his appeal and that the written judgment should be modified
to so reflect. We agree. We sustain Summers’s second issue in each appeal and modify
the judgment in each case to delete the statement “Defendant waived appeal.”
We affirm the trial court’s judgments in these cases as modified.
REX D. DAVIS
Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Davis, and
Justice Scoggins
(Chief Justice Gray dissenting)
Affirmed as modified
Opinion delivered and filed August 1, 2018
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[CR25]
Summers v. State Page 19
Robert Temple Summers, III v. State
Combined Opinion