2018 IL App (2d) 170445
Nos. 2-17-0445 & 2-17-0464 cons.
Opinion filed August 13, 2018
______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
SECOND DISTRICT
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS ex rel. SUZANNE K. WEBB, ) of Kane County.
)
Petitioner-Appellant, )
)
v. ) No. 11-OP-844
)
CYNTHIA K. WORTHAM, ) Honorable
) John Dalton,
Respondent-Appellee. ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE ) Appeal from the Circuit Court
OF ILLINOIS, ) of Kane County.
)
Plaintiff-Appellant, )
)
v. ) No. 15-CF-1653
)
CYNTHIA K. WORTHAM, ) Honorable
) Linda Abrahamson Baurle,
Defendant-Appellee. ) Judge, Presiding.
______________________________________________________________________________
JUSTICE SPENCE delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.
Justices McLaren and Birkett concurred in the judgment and opinion.
OPINION
¶1 The State appeals two orders based on a common holding. In case No. 11-OP-844
(appeal No. 2-17-0464), respondent, Cynthia K. Wortham, petitioned under section 2-1401 of
the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2014)), claiming that an order entered on
2018 IL App (2d) 170445
December 5, 2013, under the Stalking No Contact Order Act (Act) (740 ILCS 21/1 et seq. (West
2012)), in favor of relator, Suzanne K. Webb, was void. The trial court granted the petition. In
case No. 15-CF-1653 (appeal No. 2-17-0445), the State charged Wortham with violating the
2013 order. She moved to dismiss the charges, based on the holding in the civil case. The court
granted the motion. We have consolidated the appeals.
¶2 On appeal, the sole issue is whether the 2013 order was void. We hold that it was, and
we affirm both judgments.
¶3 On October 19, 2011, Webb initiated case No. 11-OP-844 by filing an emergency
petition under the Act. That day, the trial court entered an emergency order and set a hearing for
November 3, 2011. Wortham was duly served with a summons. On November 1, 2011, she
filed her appearance and a response. On November 3, 2011, the court extended the order to
December 1, 2011.
¶4 On December 1, 2011, the court granted Webb a “Plenary Stalking No Contact Order,” in
effect until December 1, 2013. The order included the following language:
“This order can be extended upon notice filed in the office of the Clerk of this
Court and a hearing held prior to the expiration of this Order. NOTE: To ensure
adequate time for a hearing, it is recommended that Petitioner seek an extension at least 3
weeks prior to the expiration of this order.” (Emphasis in original.)
¶5 On December 13, 2011, a sheriff’s deputy filed an affidavit stating that he had been
unable to serve Wortham personally, as her house in Elgin had been condemned. On December
20, 2011, a deputy stated by affidavit that, on December 14, 2011, he personally notified
Wortham at a specified address in Hampshire.
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¶6 On November 26, 2013, Webb filed a “Notice of Motion” addressed to Wortham at her
former Elgin residence, with the notations “Current Living Address Known” and “GPS
Monitoring (Kane)” (a reference to a condition of probation in a prior stalking case, No. 12-CF
1148). The notice stated that, on December 5, 2013, Webb would appear in court to present a
motion to “EXTEND ORDER OF PROTECTION.” Under the heading “Affidavit of Service,”
Webb stated that, on November 26, 2013, she served the notice by mailing it to Wortham.
¶7 Webb never served Wortham personally or by publication with the notice of motion.
¶8 On December 5, 2013, the trial court entered a plenary order under the Act. The order
stated that it was in effect until December 5, 2015. It gave Wortham’s address as the Elgin
residence at which the sheriff’s deputy had attempted to serve her in 2011. On December 23,
2013, a sheriff’s deputy filed an affidavit stating that, on December 19, 2013, he had personally
served Wortham with the 2013 order at a specified address in St. Charles.
¶9 On October 16, 2015, the State initiated case No. 15-CF-1653 by charging Wortham by
information with violating the 2013 order (see 740 ILCS 21/215 (West 2014)). On February 24,
2016, the State filed an indictment charging two violations, which allegedly occurred on October
6, 2015.
¶ 10 On January 30, 2017, Wortham moved to dismiss the criminal charges on the basis that
the 2013 order was void. She relied on section 60 of the Act (740 ILCS 21/60 (West 2012)),
which reads:
“(a) Any action for a stalking no contact order requires that a separate summons
be issued and served. The summons shall be in the form prescribed by Supreme Court
Rule 101(d), except that it shall require the respondent to answer or appear within 7 days.
Attachments to the summons or notice shall include the petition for stalking no contact
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order and supporting affidavits, if any, and any emergency stalking no contact order that
has been issued.
(b) The summons shall be served by the sheriff or other law enforcement officer
at the earliest time and shall take precedence over other summonses except those of a
similar emergency nature. Special process servers may be appointed at any time, and
their designation shall not affect the responsibilities and authority of the sheriff or other
official process servers.
(c) Service of process on a member of the respondent’s household or by
publication shall be adequate if: (1) the petitioner has made all reasonable efforts to
accomplish actual service of process personally upon the respondent, but the respondent
cannot be found to effect such service; and (2) the petitioner files an affidavit or presents
sworn testimony as to those efforts.
(d) A plenary stalking no contact order may be entered by default for the remedy
sought in the petition, if the respondent has been served or given notice in accordance
with subsection (a) and if the respondent then fails to appear as directed or fails to appear
on any subsequent appearance or hearing date agreed to by the parties or set by the
court.”
¶ 11 Wortham argued that the 2013 order was void because Webb had failed to serve her with
notice of the motion in the manner that section 60 required. Wortham noted that no summons
had been served in connection with the motion. She argued that any judgment rendered without
service of process as required by statute is void, regardless of actual notice. Therefore, the
criminal charges could not stand.
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¶ 12 Wortham noted further that the 2011 plenary order had plainly informed Webb that it
could be extended upon (1) notice filed and (2) a hearing held “prior to the expiration of this
Order” and that, for this reason, it recommended that Webb seek any extension at least three
weeks before December 1, 2013. However, Webb filed her “Notice of Motion” on November
26, 2013, and the hearing was not held until December 5, 2013, the date that Webb had chosen,
four days after the order expired. Thus, even had the Act allowed Webb to obtain an extension
of the order without again serving Wortham with a summons (which Wortham did not concede),
the failure to serve a summons was fatal to what in reality was a new plenary order. Because
prosecuting Wortham for disobeying a void order would violate due process, the charges had to
be dismissed.
¶ 13 On May 23, 2017, the State responded to Wortham’s motion to dismiss. The State
contended in part that there had been no defect in service, as Wortham had repeatedly submitted
to the jurisdiction of the trial court since November 1, 2011. By filing a general appearance in
the civil case on that date, she had waived any defects in service.
¶ 14 On March 30, 2017, in the civil case, Wortham filed a “Motion to Determine Validity of
Plenary Stalking No Contact Order as of October 6, 2015.” The motion argued that the 2013
order was void, for the same reasons alleged in her motion to dismiss the criminal charges. On
April 3, 2017, the State responded with a motion to dismiss Wortham’s motion, primarily for the
reasons raised in its response to the motion to dismiss the criminal charges. The State was
granted leave to intervene in the civil case.
¶ 15 On April 4, 2017, Wortham filed a section 2-1401 petition raising the same claim as in
her motion. The petition noted that, in the criminal case, Judge Abrahamson had held a decision
in abeyance until the validity of the 2013 order had been decided in the civil case.
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¶ 16 On May 18, 2017, Judge Dalton heard arguments on Wortham’s section 2-1401 petition.
He noted that a nonprecedential order, Ivancicts v. Griffith, 2015 IL App (4th) 150340-U, raised
issues pertinent here. In Griffith, the trial court entered a plenary order under the Act, to expire
January 31, 2015. On January 22, 2015, the petitioner moved to extend the order and set the
matter for hearing on March 4, 2015. On that date, the respondent moved to strike the motion,
arguing that, because the order had expired, the court could not extend it. The court denied his
motion and entered an agreed interim order pending an interlocutory appeal. Id. ¶ 2.
¶ 17 As pertinent here, the appellate court held first that filing a motion to extend a plenary
order under the Act does not toll the expiration of the order. Thus, the order at issue still expired
January 31, 2015. Id. ¶ 19. The court held second that, because the plenary order had expired
before the hearing, the trial court lacked the authority to extend it. Therefore, although the trial
court generally had subject matter jurisdiction over motions to extend plenary orders under the
Act, in that case there was “nothing with legally binding effect for the court to exercise
jurisdiction over.” Id. ¶ 27. The petitioner could have avoided this result by setting the hearing
for a date before the order expired; by waiting until afterward, she had deprived the court of
anything to act upon. The plenary order could not be extended, because “[o]ne cannot extend
that which no longer exists.” Id. ¶ 29. Therefore, the appellate court reversed the trial court and
remanded the cause with directions to vacate the interim order. Id.
¶ 18 The Griffith court noted Lutz v. Lutz, 313 Ill. App. 3d 286 (2000), in which the trial court
granted the petitioner’s motion to extend a plenary order of protection entered under the Illinois
Domestic Violence Act of 1986 (750 ILCS 60/101 et seq. (West 1998)). In Lutz, the order by its
terms expired on October 28, 1998, at 9:20 a.m. On October 20, 1998, the petitioner moved to
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extend the order. At a hearing on October 28, 1998, at 2:20 p.m., the trial court granted her
motion and extended the plenary order. Lutz, 313 Ill. App. 3d at 287-88.
¶ 19 On appeal, the respondent contended that the extension was error because, when the court
entered it, the plenary order had already expired. The court rejected this argument. Noting that
the petitioner had filed her motion before the plenary order had expired and that she had
scheduled the hearing for the last day on which it was in effect, the court explained, “While a
technical argument may be made [that] the original order had expired at the time of extension,
we find the minor lapse of time to be de minimus [sic].” Id. at 290.
¶ 20 The Griffith court distinguished Lutz, reasoning that the 32-day hiatus in the case before
it could not be considered de minimis. Griffith, 2015 IL App (4th) 150340-U, ¶¶ 24-25.
¶ 21 Judge Dalton found Griffith persuasive, although he recognized that it was not binding.
He reasoned that Webb’s 2013 “motion” to “extend” the 2011 plenary order had in reality started
a new proceeding, for a new plenary order. As such, it had required that Wortham be served in
accordance with section 60 of the Act. As that had not happened, the 2013 order was void,
regardless of whether Wortham had known of any or all of the proceedings. Judge Dalton
granted the section 2-1401 petition.
¶ 22 On May 24, 2017, the State moved to reconsider the judgment. On May 25, Judge
Dalton denied the motion and Judge Abrahamson dismissed the criminal charges, based on Judge
Dalton’s judgment. The State timely appealed from the civil judgment (see Ill. S. Ct. R.
304(b)(3) (eff. Mar. 8, 2016)) and the criminal judgment (see Ill. S. Ct. R. 604(a)(1) (eff. Mar. 8,
2016)).
¶ 23 On appeal, the State contends that the 2013 order is not void, because Webb properly
served Wortham with notice of the motion to extend the 2011 order and of the hearing on the
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motion. The State concedes that no summons was ever served on Wortham, but it argues that
service by mail was sufficient under section 65 of the Act (740 ILCS 21/65 (West 2012)).
¶ 24 Whether a trial court had jurisdiction is a question of law, which we review de novo.
Commerce Trust Co. v. Air 1st Aviation Cos., 366 Ill. App. 3d 135, 140 (2006). “Absent a
general appearance, personal jurisdiction can be acquired only by service of process in the
manner directed by statute.” State Bank of Lake Zurich v. Thill, 113 Ill. 2d 294, 308 (1986).
Any judgment rendered without service of process as directed by statute is void, regardless of
whether the defendant or respondent actually knew of the proceedings. Id.
¶ 25 The trial court relied on the reasoning of Griffith that an expired stalking-no-contact order
cannot be extended—meaning that the petitioner can use the Act against the respondent only if
he or she starts a new proceeding by petitioning for another order. In Griffith, the petitioner’s
failure to do so left the trial court with literally nothing to decide. Here, Judge Dalton held that
Webb’s post-December 1, 2013, conduct left the trial court with what was designated a motion to
extend the 2011 order but was in reality a petition for a new order. Judge Dalton concluded that,
because Webb did not serve Wortham with a summons, as required for a new proceeding, the
trial court never acquired jurisdiction over Wortham.
¶ 26 On appeal, the State does not contend that Webb satisfied the Act’s requirements for
obtaining a new order. It argues, however, that she did not need to do so, because Wortham had
already been personally served and made an appearance in 2011, when Webb filed her original
petition. The State relies on section 65 of the Act, which states, “Except as provided in Section
60, notice of hearings on petitions or motions shall be served in accordance with Supreme Court
Rules 11 and 12 ***.” (Emphasis added.) 740 ILCS 21/65 (West 2012). The State reasons that,
because Webb filed her motion for to extend before the 2011 order expired, and because the
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notice to Wortham conformed to section 60, which allows service by mail for documents other
than process or complaints (see Ill. S. Ct. R. 11 (eff. July 1, 2013)), Webb served Wortham
properly and thus obtained a valid extension.
¶ 27 The State also notes that Griffith did not bind the trial court and may not be cited as
binding or precedential on appeal. We note that this is true but of no consequence here. Illinois
Supreme Court Rule 23(e)(1) (eff. July 1, 2011) states that nonprecedential orders may be cited
by parties for only limited purposes. Nothing, however, bars a court from adopting sound
reasoning. Judge Dalton recognized that he was not bound by Griffith, and we recognize that it
is nonprecedential. But we need not ignore persuasive reasoning in a nonprecedential order any
more than persuasive reasoning in a learned treatise or anywhere else.
¶ 28 We turn to the issue on appeal: whether the trial court correctly held that the 2013 order
was void for want of proper service on Wortham. In considering this question, we shall
assume—without deciding—that service by mail under section 65 would have been proper for a
motion to extend the 2011 order. 1 We agree with the trial court that service here was nonetheless
insufficient, because as of December 5, 2013, the 2011 order had expired, leaving the trial court
with nothing to extend. Thus, to invoke the Act against Wortham, Webb had to start the
statutory procedure anew, filing a petition and serving Wortham in accordance with section 60 of
1
As Wortham has not argued otherwise, we shall also assume that mailing the notice to
her Elgin address was sufficient, even though in 2011 a sheriff’s deputy had been unable to serve
her there and had stated that her residence had been condemned. The record does not include a
copy of the envelope in which the notice was presumably mailed, so we do not know for certain
what address Webb actually used. However, the Elgin address is the only specific location given
on the notice form.
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the Act. Section 65’s allowance of notice by mail did not apply, because the situation that
existed after December 1, 2013, was within the exception with which section 65 begins (quoted
and emphasized earlier).
¶ 29 That the 2011 order had expired before December 5, 2013, is compelled by the plain
language of both the order and, more importantly, the Act. The order unambiguously told Webb
that it expired on December 1, 2013. The Act states as plainly, “Except as otherwise provided in
this Section, a plenary stalking no contact order shall be effective for a fixed period of time, not
to exceed two years.” 740 ILCS 21/105(b) (West 2012).
¶ 30 Although a plenary order may be extended one or more times (id. § 105(c)), we agree
with the trial court and the Griffith court that one cannot “extend” what no longer exists and
cannot lawfully continue in existence. Lutz is distinguishable: the de minimis rule pronounced
there can hardly apply to a gap of four days, as opposed to later on the same day. (Moreover, the
order in Lutz appears to have been unusual in designating not only the date but the hour of its
expiration.) If we relax the rules for a petitioner who wishes to “extend” a nonexistent order, at
what point do we stop? If more than one calendar day may elapse without requiring a new
proceeding, why not one month? The State’s position would threaten unfairness toward anyone
who was formerly restricted by an order under the Act but now reasonably believes that the
restriction was lifted long ago. On the other hand, requiring that an extension be granted only as
long as there is something to extend would work no unfair prejudice to a petitioner: all he or she
has to do is follow the plain language of the Act—and the instructions on a form order such as
the one used here.
¶ 31 In this respect, it is of no moment that Webb filed her motion and mailed her notice
before the 2011 order had expired. The point is that the order expired several days before the
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trial court purportedly extended it. The Act nowhere provides that the running of a plenary order
is tolled by the filing of a motion to extend it. If a statutory provision is unambiguous, we must
apply it straightforwardly, without reading in exceptions, limitations, or qualifications. Unzicker
v. Kraft Food Ingredients Corp., 203 Ill. 2d 64, 74 (2002). Had the legislature intended a tolling
provision, it would have supplied one. Without any tolling provision, the 2011 order expired
before the trial court could have extended it.
¶ 32 We note a compelling analogy in criminal law. The legislature has provided that the
service of a petition to revoke a defendant’s probation tolls the period of probation. 730 ILCS
5/5-6-4(a) (West 2016). The legislature could have inserted a similar provision into the Act,
tolling the period of an order of protection upon the service of a motion to extend the order.
However, it chose not to do so.
¶ 33 Further, the probation-revocation example supports the result here. If the State does not
petition to revoke a defendant’s probation until after the probation period has ended, there is
nothing left to revoke. People v. Wilson, 293 Ill. App. 3d 339, 341 (1997). Thus, in People v.
Martinez, 150 Ill. App. 3d 516 (1986), this court reversed an order revoking the defendant’s
probation and resentencing him to jail. We explained that the State had filed its petition on the
day after the probation term had expired. Id. at 517-18. We see no reason to read the Act more
broadly than we read the probation statute. Neither an expired term of probation nor an expired
order under the Act gives a court anything to revoke or extend.
¶ 34 For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the trial courts properly granted Wortham’s
section 2-1401 petition and, based on that holding, properly dismissed the criminal charges.
Therefore, we affirm the judgments of the circuit court of Kane County.
¶ 35 Affirmed.
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