J-S31006-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
SIDIQUE A. MANSARAY :
:
Appellant : No. 943 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order February 17, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0001720-2012
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., LAZARUS, J., and DUBOW, J.
MEMORANDUM BY SHOGAN, J.: FILED AUGUST 16, 2018
Appellant, Sidique A. Mansaray, appeals from the order denying his
petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.
§§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
The PCRA court summarized the underlying facts of this case as follows:
On November 11, 2011, shortly before 11 p.m. while inside
of a residence at 912 North 43th Street in Philadelphia, [Appellant]
was sitting in a room behind the victim, Titus Lowery. N.T.
6/24/13 at 20. There had been previous disagreements between
the two. Id. [Appellant] had in his possession at the time a
“sawed off” shotgun, which he shot one time, hitting the victim in
the back. Id. The shotgun cup was recovered from the victim’s
body. Id. at 21. The victim was pronounced dead at the Hospital
of the University of Pennsylvania. Id. The next day, [Appellant]
was apprehended at 30th Street Station trying to board an Amtrak
train to New Jersey. Id. at 21. After being taken down to the
Homicide Unit of the Philadelphia Police Department, [Appellant]
gave a statement, “almost completely taking responsibility for the
crime.” N.T. 6/24/13 at 21. A DNA analysis found [Appellant’s]
DNA on the shotgun. Id. Witnesses reported seeing [Appellant]
run out of the house after the gun was fired.14 Id.
J-S31006-18
14
As this was a guilty plea, the Commonwealth merely
recited the facts into the record. These witnesses
were not named.
PCRA Court Opinion, 7/7/17, at 3.
The PCRA court set forth the subsequent procedural history of this
matter as follows:
On June 24, 2013, [Appellant] entered into a negotiated
guilty plea1 to murder of the third degree (H-3) and persons not
to possess firearms (F-2).2 Notes of Testimony (N.T.) 6/24/13 at
30-31. Pursuant to those negotiations, [Appellant] was sentenced
to a cumulative term of not less than 25 years nor more than 50
years in prison.3 Id. at 37. [Appellant] did not file post-sentence
motions or a notice of appeal.
1
[Appellant] was represented at trial by Tariq Karim
El Shabazz, Esquire.
2
18 Pa.C.S. §§ 2502(c) and 6105(a)(1), respectively.
3
As to the charge of murder of the third degree,
[Appellant] was sentenced to a term of not less than
20 nor more than 40 years in prison. As to the charge
of persons not to possess firearms, [Appellant] was
sentenced to a consecutive term of not less than five
nor more than ten years in prison. N.T. 6/24/13 at
37.
On February 7, 2014, [Appellant] filed a timely pro se Post
Conviction Relief Act (PCRA)4 petition.5 Counsel was appointed6
and, on March 31, 2016, filed an amended petition, alleging that
[Appellant’s] plea was not a knowing, intelligent, or voluntary
plea, and that trial counsel was ineffective for inducing [Appellant]
to plead guilty. The Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss on
May 12, 2016. On June 15, 2016, having reviewed the pleadings
and the Notes of Testimony from the entry of the plea, and having
concluded [Appellant’s] claim was meritless, this [c]ourt sent
[Appellant] notice of its intent to deny and dismiss his claim
without a hearing pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 (907 Notice).
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4
42 Pa.C.S. 55 9541-9546.
5
[Appellant] also filed a petition for transcripts and
discovery on October 30, 2015, which was forwarded
to his attorney, Lee Mandell, Esquire.
6
Lee Mandell, Esquire, was appointed to represent
[Appellant] on collateral attack, and entered his
appearance on July 2, 2014.
[Appellant] thereafter sent three pro se correspondences to
the [c]ourt, which were received on June 27, 2016, August 1,
2016, and September 26, 2016. These explained his motivations
for pleading guilty, asked to be updated on the status of his
petition, and discussed his mental health issues and mental state
during the crime, specifically alleging diminished capacity.7 This
[c]ourt considered [Appellant’s] submissions as his response to
the 907 Notice. After giving them full consideration, on November
29, 2016, this [c]ourt sent [Appellant] a supplemental 907 Notice
(Supplemental 907 Notice). On December 5, 2016, [Appellant]
requested an extension to reply to the supplemental 907 Notice in
order to access his mental health records. On December 12,
2016, this [c]ourt ordered that any response would be due no later
than February 10, 2017.8 [Appellant] filed a pro se response to
the Supplemental 907 Notice on December 15, 2016, and several
pro se addenda on December 15, 2016, December 19, 2016,9 and
January 4, 2017.10
7
All pro se filings were docketed, and notice of their
receipt and contents was sent to [Appellant] and
counsel.
8
The December 12, 2016 order lists the date as
February 10, 2016. This was clearly in error.
9
Based upon the dates [Appellant] gave these
documents, the pro se response and first two addenda
may have been drafted before he received notice of
the extension.
10
These were similar in content to his previous pro se
correspondence, focusing on his mental health issues
and that he no longer had access to his mental health
evaluations.
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On February, 17, 2017, after having reviewed the petition
and copious record, this [c]ourt dismissed the petition. On March
15, 2017, [Appellant] filed: a notice of appeal, a 1925(b)
statement (1925(b) Statement),11 and an application to appeal in
forma pauperis, all pro se. These were received in chambers on
March 24, 2017. However, because [Appellant] continued to be
represented by PCRA counsel, who also filed a notice of appeal on
March 20, 2017, on April 13, 2017, this [c]ourt ordered that
counsel to [sic] file a 1925(b) Statement.12 Counsel’s 1925(b)
Statement was filed on May 4, 2017.13
11
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b).
12
The April 13, 2017, order had originally been filed
on March 22, 2017, but was returned to chambers as
the address counsel provided on the notice of appeal
was inaccurate.
13
[Appellant’s] pro se 1925(b) Statement alleged
ineffective assistance of counsel for: “excluding
mental health evaluation” and “failing to get a
diagnosis of mental health.” Additionally, he claimed
he was “never afforded the ability to present any
psychiatric opinion...” Statement of Matter
Complained of Appeal 1925(b) (pro se) 3/15/17
(emphasis in original). However, the May 4, 2017,
Statement from counsel serves as the basis of this
opinion, as this [c]ourt is under no obligation to
entertain hybrid representation. “There is no
statutory or constitutional requirement that a court
must review a pro se appellate brief which is
submitted by a counseled appellant.” Commonwealth
v. Ellis, 626 A.2d 1137, 1138 (Pa. 1993). Under
Pa.R.A.P. 3304 the pro se filing will be forwarded to
the counsel of record, while the counsel’s filing will be
reviewed. Id. at 1139; Pa.R.A.P. 3304.
PCRA Court Opinion, 7/7/17, at 1-3.
Appellant presents the following issue for our review:
I. Did the PCRA Court err when it dismissed the Amended Petition
without a Hearing but where [Appellant] pled and would have
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J-S31006-18
been able to prove that he should have been permitted to
withdraw his Guilty Plea where [Appellant] claims that his Plea
was not entered in a knowing, intelligent and voluntary fashion?
Appellant’s Brief at 3.
Appellant argues that the PCRA court erred in dismissing his PCRA
petition without first holding an evidentiary hearing. Appellant’s Brief at 7-
11. Appellant asserts that his trial counsel was ineffective for forcing Appellant
to enter a guilty plea and that a PCRA hearing was necessary in order for the
PCRA court to resolve the question of whether Appellant’s plea was knowing,
intelligent and voluntary.
When reviewing the propriety of an order denying PCRA relief, we
consider the record “in the light most favorable to the prevailing party at the
PCRA level.” Commonwealth v. Stultz, 114 A.3d 865, 872 (Pa. Super.
2015) (quoting Commonwealth v. Henkel, 90 A.3d 16, 20 (Pa. Super. 2014)
(en banc)). This Court is limited to determining whether the evidence of
record supports the conclusions of the PCRA court and whether the ruling is
free of legal error. Commonwealth v. Rykard, 55 A.3d 1177, 1183 (Pa.
Super. 2012). We grant great deference to the PCRA court’s findings that are
supported in the record and will not disturb them unless they have no support
in the certified record. Commonwealth v. Rigg, 84 A.3d 1080, 1084 (Pa.
Super. 2014).
Moreover, a PCRA court may decline to hold a hearing on the petition if
the PCRA court determines that the petitioner’s claim is patently frivolous and
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is without a trace of support in either the record or from other evidence.
Commonwealth v. Jordan, 772 A.2d 1011, 1014 (Pa. Super. 2001). A
reviewing court on appeal must examine each of the issues raised in the PCRA
petition in light of the record in order to determine whether the PCRA court
erred in concluding that there were no genuine issues of material fact and
denying relief without an evidentiary hearing. Id.
In addition, Appellant challenges the effective assistance of his trial
counsel. Our Supreme Court has long stated that in order to succeed on a
claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, an appellant must demonstrate (1)
that the underlying claim is of arguable merit; (2) that counsel’s performance
lacked a reasonable basis; and (3) that the ineffectiveness of counsel caused
the appellant prejudice. Commonwealth v. Pierce, 786 A.2d 203, 213 (Pa.
2001).
We have explained that trial counsel cannot be deemed ineffective for
failing to pursue a meritless claim. Commonwealth v. Loner, 836 A.2d 125,
132 (Pa. Super. 2003) (en banc). Moreover, with regard to the second prong,
we have reiterated that trial counsel’s approach must be “so unreasonable
that no competent lawyer would have chosen it.” Commonwealth v. Ervin,
766 A.2d 859, 862-863 (Pa. Super. 2000) (quoting Commonwealth v.
Miller, 431 A.2d 233 (Pa. 1981)).
Our Supreme Court has discussed “reasonableness” as follows:
Our inquiry ceases and counsel’s assistance is deemed
constitutionally effective once we are able to conclude that the
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J-S31006-18
particular course chosen by counsel had some reasonable basis
designed to effectuate his client’s interests. The test is not
whether other alternatives were more reasonable, employing a
hindsight evaluation of the record. Although weigh the
alternatives we must, the balance tips in favor of a finding of
effective assistance as soon as it is determined that trial counsel’s
decision had any reasonable basis.
Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973, 975 (Pa. 1987) (quoting
Commonwealth ex rel. Washington v. Maroney, 235 A.2d 349 (Pa.
1967)) (emphasis in original).
In addition, we are mindful that prejudice requires proof that there is a
reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s error, the outcome of the
proceeding would have been different. Pierce, 786 A.2d at 213. “A failure
to satisfy any prong of the ineffectiveness test requires rejection of the claim
of ineffectiveness.” Commonwealth v. Daniels, 963 A.2d 409, 419 (Pa.
2009) (citing Commonwealth v. Sneed, 899 A.2d 1067 (Pa. 2006)). Thus,
when it is clear that a petitioner has failed to meet the prejudice prong of an
ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim, the claim may be disposed of on that
basis alone, without a determination of whether the first two prongs have been
met. Commonwealth v. Baker, 880 A.2d 654, 656 (Pa. Super. 2005).
It is presumed that the petitioner’s counsel was effective, unless the
petitioner proves otherwise. Commonwealth v. Williams, 732 A.2d 1167,
1177 (Pa. 1999). Moreover, we are bound by the PCRA court’s credibility
determinations where there is support for them in the record.
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Commonwealth v. Battle, 883 A.2d 641, 648 (Pa. Super. 2005) (citing
Commonwealth v. Abu-Jamal, 720 A.2d 79 (Pa. 1998)).
The PCRA will provide relief to an appellant if ineffective assistance of
counsel caused him or her to enter an involuntary plea of guilt.
Commonwealth v. Lynch, 820 A.2d 728 (Pa. Super. 2003). We conduct our
review of such a claim in accordance with 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). Lynch,
820 A.2d at 732. “The voluntariness of [the] plea depends on whether
counsel’s advice was within the range of competence demanded of attorneys
in criminal cases.” Id. at 733 (quoting Commonwealth v. Hickman, 799
A.2d 136 (Pa. Super. 2002)).
Further, we are mindful of the following:
Our law presumes that a defendant who enters a guilty plea was
aware of what he was doing. He bears the burden of proving
otherwise.
* * *
The longstanding rule of Pennsylvania law is that a
defendant may not challenge his guilty plea by asserting that he
lied while under oath, even if he avers that counsel induced the
lies. A person who elects to plead guilty is bound by the
statements he makes in open court while under oath and may not
later assert grounds for withdrawing the plea which contradict the
statements he made at his plea colloquy.
* * *
A defendant who elects to plead guilty has a duty to answer
questions truthfully. We cannot permit a defendant to postpone
the final disposition of his case by lying to the court and later
alleging that his lies were induced by the prompting of counsel.
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Commonwealth v. Yeomans, 24 A.3d 1044, 1047 (Pa. Super. 2011) (citing
Commonwealth v. Pollard, 832 A.2d 517 (Pa. Super. 2003)).
We have reviewed the briefs of the parties, the relevant law, the
thorough opinion of the PCRA court, and the complete certified record before
us on appeal. We conclude that the PCRA court’s opinion adequately and
accurately addresses Appellant’s allegation that the PCRA court erred in failing
to hold an evidentiary hearing to determine whether trial counsel was
ineffective in handling Appellant’s guilty plea. PCRA Court Opinion, 7/7/17, at
4-9. Indeed, upon consideration of the facts surrounding the guilty plea, the
transcript of the guilty plea hearing, and the relevant law, we fail to see how
trial counsel could have induced Appellant to enter an involuntary guilty plea
in this matter. Accordingly, because the record supports the PCRA court’s
analysis, we adopt its opinion as our own, and conclude that Appellant’s claim
lacks merit.1
Order affirmed.
____________________________________________
1
The parties are directed to attach a copy of the July 7, 2017 opinion in the
event of further proceedings in this matter.
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J-S31006-18
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/16/2018
- 10 -
Circulated 07/26/2018 12:39 PM
PHILADELPHIA COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
CRIMINAL TRIAL DIVISION
COMMONWEALTH
CP-51-CR-0001720-2012
v.
Superior Court Docket
No.: 943 EDA 2017
SIDIQUE MANSARAY FILED
JUL O 7 2017
Office of Judicial Reconjs
Sarmina, J. Appeals/Post Trial
July 7, 2017
OPINION
PROCEDURAL HISTORY:
On June 24, 2013, Sidique Mansaray (hereafter, petitioner) entered into a negotiated guilty
plea' to murder of the third degree (H-3) and persons not to possess firearms (F-2).2 Notes of
Testimony (N.T.) 6/24/13 at 30-31. Pursuant to those negotiations, petitioner was sentenced to a
cumulative term of not less than 25 years nor more than 50 years in prison.3 Id. at 37. Petitioner did
not file post-sentence motions or a notice of appeal.
On February 7, 2014, petitioner filed a timely prose Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA)4
petition.' Counsel was appointed" and, on March 31, 2016, filed an amended petition, alleging that
I
Petitioner was represented at trial by Tariq Karim El Shabazz, Esquire.
218 Pa.C.S. §§ 2502(c) and 6105(a)(l), respectively.
3As to the charge of murder of the third degree, petitioner was sentenced to a term of not less than 20 nor more than 40
years in prison. As to the charge of persons not to possess firearms, petitioner was sentenced to a consecutive term of
not less than five nor more than ten years in prison. N.T. 6/24/13 at 37.
� 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546
5Petitioner also filed a petition for transcripts and discovery on October 30, 2015, which was forwarded to his attorney,
Lee Mandell, Esquire.
6Lee Mandell, Esquire, was appointed to represent petitioner on collateral attack, and entered his appearance on July 2,
2014.
petitioner's plea was not a knowing, intelligent, or voluntary plea, and that trial counsel was
ineffective for inducing petitioner to plead guilty. The Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss on
May 12, 2016. On June 15, 2016, having reviewed the pleadings and the Notes of Testimony from
the entry of the plea, and having concluded petitioner's claim was rneritless, this Court sent
petitioner notice of its intent to deny and dismiss his claim without a hearing pursuant to
Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 (907 Notice).
Petitioner thereafter sent three pro se correspondences to the Court, which were received on
June 27, 2016, August 1, 2016, and September 26, 2016. These explained his motivations for
pleading guilty, asked to be updated on the status of his petition, and discussed his mental health
issues and mental state during the crime, specifically alleging diminished capacity.7 This Court
considered petitioner's submissions as his response to the 907 Notice. After giving them full
consideration, on November 29, 2016, this Court sent petitioner a supplemental 907 Notice
(Supplemental 907 Notice). On December 5, 2016, petitioner requested an extension to reply to the
supplemental 907 Notice in order to access his mental health records. On December 12, 2016, this
Court ordered that any response would be due no later than February 10, 2017.8 Petitioner filed a
pro se response to the Supplemental 907 Notice on December "l 5, 2016, and several prose addenda on
December 15, 2016, December 19, 2016,9 and January 4, 2017.10
On February, 17, 2017, after having reviewed the petition and copious record, this Court
dismissed the petition. On March 15, 2017, petitioner filed: a notice of appeal, a 1925(b) statement
7
A)] pro u filings were docketed, and notice of their receipt and contents was sent to petitioner and counsel.
8 The December 12, 2016 order lists the date as February 10, 2016. This was clearly in error.
9
Based upon the dates petitioner gave these documents, the pro 1e response and first two addenda may have been drafted
before he received notice of the extension.
to These were similar in content to his previous prose correspondence, focusing on his mental health issues and that he
no longer had access to his mental health evaluations.
2
11
(192S(b) Statement), and an application to appeal inJorma pauperis, all prose. These were received in
chambers on March 24, 2017. However, because petitioner continued to be represented by PCRA.
counsel, who also filed a notice of appeal on March 20, 2017, on April 13, 2017, this Court ordered
that counsel to file a 1925(b) Statement." Counsel's 1925(b) Statement was filed on May 4, 2017 .13
FACTS
On November 11, 2011, shortly before 11 p.m. while inside of a residence at 912 North 43'0
Street in Philadelphia, petitioner was sitting in a room behind the victim, Titus Lowery. N.T.
6/24/13 at 20. There had been previous disagreements between the two. l!1 Petitioner had in his
possession at the time a "sawed off' shotgun, which he shot one time, hitting the victim in the back.
lg,_ The shotgun cup was recovered from the victim's body. Id. at 21. The victim was pronounced
dead at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Id. TI1e next day, petitioner was
apprehended at 3or1i Street Station trying to board an Amtrak train to New Jersey. ML at 21. After
being taken down to the Homicide Unit of the Philadelphia Police Department, petitioner gave a
statement, "almost completely taking responsibility for the crime." N.T. 6/24/13 at 21. A DNA
analysis found petitioner's DNA on the shotgun. Id. Witnesses reported seeing petitioner run out
of the house after the gun was fired.14 lg.
11
Pa.R.A.P. 192S(b).
12
The April 13, 2017, order had originally been filed on March 22, 2017, but was returned to chambers as the address
counsel provided on the notice of appeal was inaccurate.
13
Petitioner's pro 111925(b) Statement alleged ineffective assistance of counsel for: "excluding mental health evaluation"
and "failing to get a diagnosis of mental health." Additionally, he claimed he was "never afforded the ability to present
fill)'. psychiatric opinion ... " Statement of Matter Complained of Appeal 192.5.(b) (pro 11) 3/15/17 (emphasis in original).
However, the May 4, 2017, Statement from counsel serves as the basis of this opinion, as this Court is under no
obligation to entertain hybrid representation. "[I1here is no statutory or constitutional requirement that a court must
review a pro se appellate brief which is submitted by a counseled appellant." Commonwealth v. Ellis, 626 A.2d 1137, 1138
(Pa. 1993). Under Pa.R.A.P. 3304 the pro se filing will be forwarded to the counsel of record, while the counsel's filing
will be reviewed. Id, at 1139; Pa.R.A.P. 3304.
14
As this was a guilty plea, the Commonwealth merely recited the facts into the record. These witnesses were not
named.
3
LEGAL ANALYSIS:
A single claim is raised in this appeal: "[t]hat the Trial/PCRA Court erred when it denied
the Defendant's Amended PCRA Petition without a hearing, as the Defendant pled, and would have
been able to prove at such a hearing, that his guilty plea was not entered in a knowing, intelligent and
voluntary fashion and where trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance of counsel in permitting the
plea to be entered where counsel knew, or should have known, that defendant was not entering the
plea in a voluntary manner. "15 1925(b) Statement 5/ 4/17.
This was the same claim counsel had raised in petitioner's amended PCRA petition.
Amended PCRA Petition, 5/31/16. Specifically, in his objection to the 907 Notice, petitioner
asserted that his claim was unknowing and involuntary because trial counsel failed to acquire a
psychiatrist to evaluate his mental condition or explore diminished capacity as a viable defense at the
time. Petitioner's prose Objection to the Court's Intention to Dismiss, 6/22/16 at 2-3. However,
because a successful diminished capacity defense would have resulted in being convicted of the same
charge to which petitioner pled guilty, and because petitioner asserted no facts and presented no
other evidence which would have supported an insanity defense, petitioner's claim failed.
According to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court in Corrunonwealth v. Balodis, 747 A.2d 34,
343 (Pa. 2000), counsel is presumed effective, and under 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a), petitioner has the
burden of proving ineffective assistance of counsel. In order to be eligible for PCRA relief due to
. ineffective assistance, petitioner is required to prove that such assistance "so undermined the truth-
determining process that no reliable adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place." 42
Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(ii). Petitioner "must prove (1) that the underlying claim has arguable merit, (2)
that counsel's conduct was without a reasonable basis designed to effectuate his or her client's
The 1925(b) Statement also reiterates the request for an evidentiary hearing or a withdrawal of the guilty plea.
15
However, an appeal is not the correct stage of proceedings for this Court to grant that relief.
4
interest, and (3) that counsel's ineffectiveness prejudiced [petitioner]." Commonwealth v. Allen, 833
A.2d 800, 802 (Pa.Super, 2003) (citations omitted). "All three prongs of this test must be satisfied.
If [petitioner] fails to meet even one prong of the test, his conviction will not be reversed on the
basis of ineffective assistance of counsel." Commonwealth v. O'Bidos, 849 A.2d 243, 249
(Pa.Super. 2004).
Where a petitioner has entered a guilty plea, the petitioner is eligible for relief under the
PCRA if the conviction or sentence resulted from "[a] plea of guilty unlawfully induced where the
circumstances make it likely that the inducement caused the petitioner to plead guilty and the
petitioner is innocent." 42 Pa.C.S. § 9543(a)(2)(iii). The voluntariness of a guilty plea depends on
"whether counsel's advice was within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal
cases." Commonwealth v. Lynch, 820 A.2d 728, 733 (Pa.Super, 2003).
On June 24, 2013, this Court was advised that petitioner wished to enter a guilty plea, and
after petitioner had completed a Written Guilty Plea Colloquy form, this Court then conducted an
extensive oral colloquy with petitioner, wherein this Court delved into petitioner's understanding of
his decision to plead guilty, the terms of the plea (i.e., the sentences that would be imposed and that
by pleading guilty to third degree murder he avoided going to trial for first degree murder), and the
rights he was relinquishing. N.T. 6/24/13 at 3-31. This Court informed petitioner that, by pleading
guilty, he was giving up the important right to a trial, where the Commonwealth would have the
burden to prove petitioner's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. at 10-12. At all times during the
colloquy, petitioner indicated that he understood. Id. at 3-31. When the Court asked petitioner
whether it was his decision to plead guilty, the following exchange occurred:
The Court: And whose decision was it for you to plead guilty, Mr. Mansaray?
Petitioner: My lawyer's, right?
The Court: Really?
Petitioner: No, mine.
5
The Court: Well, which answer is it? Let me just tell you, Mr. Mansaray, there are three and
sometimes four decisions that are for you alone to make. The first is whether you wish to
plead guilty or go to trial. Do you understand that?
Petitioner: Yes.
[ ... ]
The Court: So what made you say that it was your attorney's decision for you to plead
guil ty.:>
Petitioner: I mean, he's the one that gave me the information that the deal was on the table.
The Court: Yes. It is his requirement under the Rules of Professional Conduct and under
the law. He is required to communicate to you any offer that is made by the
Commonwealth.
Petitioner: Right. But it is my choice.
The Court: You sure?
Petitioner: Yes.
The Court: You can't come back later and say, oh, my attorney told me whatever.
Petitioner: No.
[ ... ]
The Court: All right. So it is your decision to enter this plea?
Petitioner: Yes.
The Court: Because if you want the trial, like I said, today is the day to start it and we can go
to trial. What is it that you wish to do?
Petitioner: I wish to plead guilty.
Id. at 17-20 ..
The Commonwealth then summarized the facts of the case, and a discussion took place
regarding petitioner's mental capacity. lQ. at 20-22, 24-26. Petitioner explained that he was hearing
voices at the time he committed this crime, but he was now being treated with the drug Risperdal.
Id. at 2�-26. Thereafter, trial counsel explained for the record that he had discussed the defense of
diminished capacity with petitioner and his family, which, if suc:cessful, would have resulted in a
conviction of third degree murder, and they mutually determined that the plea agreement was
petitioner's best option, N.T. 6/24/13 at 28-30. Thereafter, petitioner entered his guilty plea to
murder of the third degree and persons not to possess firearms . .lil at 30-31. This Court then made
a formal determination that the entry of petitioner's guilty plea was made knowingly, intelligently,
and voluntarily. Id. at 31.
To withdraw his guilty plea, petitioner could not simply contradict the statements he made in
the colloquy with the Court: he needed to have raised specific grounds stating how the plea was
6
defective. Commonwealth v Gonzales, 840 A.2d 326, 330 (Pa.Super. 2003). The defendant in
Gonzales pled guilty, but later filed a motion to withdraw his plea, alleging coercion. Gonzales, 840
A.2d at 330. However, he provided no evidence of this coercion, only alleging he was innocent and
forced to plead. Id. As there was no evidence to support a withdrawal of his plea, the appeal was
denied. Id. at 331.
Petitioner did not allege that this Court's colloquy was defective, and admitted that "[t]he
Court seems to have substantially complied with the requirements].]" Amended PCRA Petition,
5/31/16. Petitioner provided no specific improper advice frorn his attorney which led him to enter
his plea rather than go to trial. This Court informed petitioner of the important rights he was giving
up by choosing to forego a trial, where he could have been convicted of first degree murder and
sentenced to life in prison. Just as in Gonzales, petitioner had only allegations, not evidence.
In his objections to this Court's 907 Notice, petitioner disputed trial counsel's
representations to the Court at the guilty plea hearing, and asserted that counsel did not seek a
psychiatric evaluation of petitioner or speak to him or his family with respect to a diminished
capacity defense. Petitioner's.Prose Objection to the Court's Intention to Dismiss. 6/22/16 at 2-3.
Petitioner maintained that the "[first) time I heard the words diminished capacity was at my
sentencing." Id. Even assuming petitioner is correct, counsel would not have been ineffective for
failure to investigate or proceed to trial with a defense of diminished capacity under the
circumstances of this case. A successful diminished capacity defense to a charge of first-degree
murder negates the element of specific intent to kill, and only reduces the charge of first-degree
murder to third-degree murder. Commonwealth v. Bracey, 795 A.2d 935, 946 n. 10 (Pa. 2001), citing
Commonwealth v, McCollum, 738 A.2d 1007, 1009 (Pa,_1999). Therefore, even if counsel did fail to
investigate, discuss, or proceed to trial with a diminished capacity defense, a successful diminished
capacity defense wouldhave resulted in petitioner being found guilty of third-degree murder, which
7
is the same charge to which petitioner pied guilty. This Court explained this to petitioner during the
colloquy, and petitioner replied that he understood. N.T. 6/24/13 at 24. Because petitioner could
not demonstrate that this claim had arguable merit or that counsel's decision caused him prejudice,
the claim for ineffective assistance of counsel failed.
With respect to evidence of petitioner's mental state, this Court notes that petitioner had
presented no facts which indicated that petitioner could have presented a viable insanity defense.
The mental state of a defendant can serve as a complete defense to criminal charges where the
defendant demonstrates that they meet the definition of "legally insane." 18 Pa.C.S. § 315(a).
Despite petitioner's assertions to the contrary, insanity is a legal conclusion, not a medical one. The
term "legally insane" is defined as a state of mind where:
[A]t the time of the commission of the offense, the actor was laboring under such a defect of
reason, from disease of the mind, as not to know the nature and qualityof the act he was
doing, or if the actor did know the quality of the act, that he did not know that what he was
doing was wrong.
18 Pa.C.S. § 315(b).
Commonwealth v, Frey similarly dealt with a defendant who pied guilty to murder, then latex
attempted to raise a defense of insanity to both negate the plea and try for a lower sentence. 904
A.2d 866, 869 (Pa. 2006). However, the Court there found there was sufficient evidence for his
conviction, and that even after being examined by mental health experts, there was no evidence
defendant was so deficient of reason that defendant was "unaware of (the] nature and qua.).i.ty of the
act; or that the act was wrong." Id. at 871. It is the defendant's burden to provide the evidence of
insanity. ill
Petitioner's assertions during the guilty plea colloquy that he was hearing voices at the tune
that he committed the crime would similarly not have met this standard. Even if imagined voices
were provoking petitioner to violence, petitioner remained aware of what he was doing and that his
actions were wrong. At no point in any proceedings before this Court did petitioner ever assert that,
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due to his mental condition, he was unaware of what he was doing. Despite PCRA counsel's bald
assertion as to petitioner's mental state, PCRA counsel did not have a psychiatrist evaluate petitioner
to determine if there was any merit to the insanity claim. Just as in Frey, it was petitioner's burden
to produce evidence of this, and he failed to do so. There was not enough evidence in the record to
prove an insanity defense, and because petitioner has claimed he was aware of the acts when he was
committing them; it is unlikely psychiatric evaluations would be enough to change this. As this
claim had no arguable merit, counsel could not be found ineffective for failure to order a psychiatric
evaluation of petitioner for purposes of presenting an insanity defense.
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As petitioner did not present any evidence of insanity, and a successful trial defense of I
diminished capacity would not have led to a different conviction and sentence, petitioner did not !
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demonstrate ineffective assistance of counsel, or that his plea was entered in an unknowing,
unintelligent, or involuntary fashion. Therefore, petitioner's claim failed. I
For the foregoing reasons, the dismissal of petitioner's PCRA petition should be affirmed.
BY THE COURT:
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M. TERESA SARMINA J. l
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Com. v. Mansaray, S.
Combined Opinion