Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION
No. 04-18-00135-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF C.I.C. and V.A.L., Children
From the 150th Judicial District Court, Bexar County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2017-PA-00867
Honorable Charles E. Montemayor, Judge Presiding
Opinion by: Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Sitting: Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
Luz Elena D. Chapa, Justice
Irene Rios, Justice
Delivered and Filed: August 22, 2018
AFFIRMED
C.L. (hereinafter referred to as “Mother”) appeals the trial court’s order terminating her
parental rights to her children, C.I.C. and V.A.L. On appeal, Mother argues the evidence is legally
and factually insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that termination was in the children’s
best interest. We affirm the trial court’s order.
BACKGROUND
On April 24, 2017, the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services filed a petition
to terminate Mother’s parental rights to C.I.C. and V.A.L. A bench trial was held on March 5,
2018.
The Department's investigator testified the Department received a referral on March 31,
2017 after three-year-old V.A.L. was taken to the emergency room by his grandmother for a head
04-18-00135-CV
injury allegedly sustained from falling off a bunk bed. The child was assessed and found to have
other injuries, including a laceration on his back, bruises on his back and both legs, and a bruise
on his face. Hospital staff was told the injuries were inflicted by V.A.L.’s older brother, C.I.C.,
who was then five years old. C.I.C. indicated there was domestic violence in the home between
Mother and her boyfriend. The investigator stated that when she visited the home, Mother’s
boyfriend cursed and was very hostile. He let his pit bull dog loose on the investigator and her
supervisor, and tried to assault the supervisor. He also threatened to kill himself. The Department
attempted to avoid removing the children from the home by implementing a family safety plan,
but Mother and her boyfriend would not comply with the plan’s requirements. Mother and her
boyfriend admitted to marijuana use. The children were currently placed with their maternal aunt.
The Department caseworker testified that Mother had not completed her service plan.
Specifically, she had not completed individual counseling, drug treatment, and parenting and
domestic violence classes. During the pendency of the case, Mother tested positive for cocaine
and marijuana. The caseworker did not think Mother had addressed her drug problem and noted
that she refused inpatient drug treatment. Mother did not provide proof of housing and
employment as required by the service plan and the caseworker did not believe Mother could
provide a safe and stable home environment for the children. She testified that the children were
currently in a stable placement and that they had thrived in the care of their maternal aunt and
uncle. The Department planned for the maternal aunt to adopt the children if parental rights were
terminated, and the aunt had indicated a willingness to adopt the children.
Mother testified that she was engaged in her services, had attended sixteen individual
counseling sessions, was employed and living with her mother, and had completed a psychological
and psychiatric assessment and was taking ordered medication. She stated she was enrolled in a
program focused on parenting, relapse prevention, and drug awareness. She was also enrolled in a
-2-
04-18-00135-CV
domestic violence class. She conceded she had not completed drug treatment and had tested
positive for drugs during the case. She stated she was no longer with her boyfriend, and had
learned through her courses to put her children first and not let a man come between her and her
children.
The Department, the children’s attorney ad litem, and the CASA volunteer recommended
that Mother’s parental rights be terminated. After hearing the testimony and argument of counsel,
the trial court terminated Mother’s parental rights.
STANDARD OF REVIEW AND STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
To terminate parental rights pursuant to section 161.001 of the Family Code, the
Department has the burden to prove by clear and convincing evidence: (1) one of the predicate
grounds in subsection 161.001(b)(1); and (2) that termination is in the best interest of the child.
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. §§ 161.001, 161.206(a) (West Supp. 2017); In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355,
362 (Tex. 2003). In this case, the trial court found clear and convincing evidence of four predicate
grounds to terminate Mother’s parental rights and also found termination of Mother’s parental
rights was in the best interest of the children.
We evaluate the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to support the trial court’s
findings under the standard of review established by the Texas Supreme Court in In re J.F.C., 96
S.W.3d 256, 266-67 (Tex. 2002). Under this standard, “[t]he trial court is the sole judge of the
weight and credibility of the evidence, including the testimony of the Department’s witnesses.” In
re F.M., No. 04–16–00516–CV, 2017 WL 393610, at *4 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Jan. 30, 2017,
no pet.) (mem. op.).
BEST INTEREST FINDING
In determining the best interest of a child, courts apply the non-exhaustive Holley factors
to shape their analysis. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976). Those factors
-3-
04-18-00135-CV
include: (1) the desires of the child; (2) the present and future emotional and physical needs of the
child; (3) the present and future emotional and physical danger to the child; (4) the parental abilities
of the individuals seeking custody; (5) the programs available to assist these individuals to promote
the best interest of the child; (6) the plans held by the individuals seeking custody of the child; (7)
the stability of the home of the parent and the individuals seeking custody; (8) the acts or omissions
of the parent which may indicate that the existing parent-child relationship is not a proper one; and
(9) any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent. Id. The foregoing factors are not exhaustive,
and “[t]he absence of evidence about some of [the factors] would not preclude a factfinder from
reasonably forming a strong conviction or belief that termination is in the child’s best interest.” In
re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 27 (Tex. 2002). “A trier of fact may measure a parent’s future conduct by
his past conduct [in] determin[ing] whether termination of parental rights is in the child’s best
interest.” In re E.D., 419 S.W.3d 615, 620 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2013, pet. denied).
There was no evidence regarding the children’s desires, but the caseworker testified that
they have bonded with their maternal aunt and uncle and are happy and thriving. See In re S.R.,
452 S.W.3d 351, 369 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied) (“When children are
too young to express their desires, the factfinder may consider whether the children have bonded
with the foster family [and] are well-cared for by them . . . .”). Although Mother testified that she
was attending classes and had completed required assessments, including taking prescribed
medication, Mother tested positive for drugs two months before trial and had refused the
recommended inpatient drug treatment. See In re L.G.R., 498 S.W.3d 195, 204 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, pet. denied) (noting parent’s drug use supports a finding that
termination is in best interest of the child). In addition, Mother had not provided the Department
with proof of stable housing and employment. See In re M.R., 243 S.W.3d 807, 821 (Tex. App.—
Fort Worth 2007, no pet.) (noting parent’s inability to provide a stable home supports a finding
-4-
04-18-00135-CV
that termination is in the best interest of the child). Our standard of review requires that we defer
to the trial court as the sole judge of the weight and credibility of the evidence. See In re J.P.B.,
180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005) (“[w]itness credibility issues ‘that depend on appearance and
demeanor cannot be weighed by the appellate court; the witnesses are not present. And even when
credibility issues are reflected in the written transcript, the appellate court must defer to the
[factfinder’s] determinations, at least so long as those determinations are not themselves
unreasonable.’”).
Having reviewed the record, we hold the evidence is sufficient to support the trial court’s
finding that termination of Mother’s parental rights was in the children’s best interest.
CONCLUSION
The order of the trial court is affirmed.
Rebeca C. Martinez, Justice
-5-