J-S23023-18
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
ERIC WILLIAM :
:
Appellant : No. 1685 EDA 2017
Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence May 17, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0008144-2015
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., NICHOLS, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*
MEMORANDUM BY NICHOLS, J.: FILED AUGUST 29, 2018
Appellant Eric William1 appeals from the judgment of sentence of life
imprisonment imposed after a jury found him guilty of first-degree murder,2
carrying a firearm without a license,3 and possession of an instrument of
crime.4 Appellant claims that the trial court erred in (1) denying his motion
for continuance in order to obtain his preferred counsel; (2) admitting color
photographs of a witness whom Appellant attacked while in pretrial custody;
____________________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 Although Appellant spelled his last name as “Williams” in open court, we
retain the original caption of this appeal so that it conforms to the trial court’s
record.
2 18 Pa.C.S. § 2502(a).
3 18 Pa.C.S. § 6106.
4 18 Pa.C.S. § 907.
J-S23023-18
and (3) overruling his objection to the prosecutor’s conduct during closing
arguments. Additionally, Appellant challenges the weight and sufficiency of
the evidence. We affirm.
On May 29, 2015, Appellant was charged with murder generally, three
firearms offenses, and possessing an instrument of crime for the killing of
Bryant Younger (Decedent). On June 19, 2015, W. Fred Harrison, Jr., Esq.
entered an appearance as Appellant’s private counsel. Attorney Harrison
apparently remained counsel of record until September of 2015. The docket
then indicated that Appellant “failed to retain counsel.” Present counsel,
Stephen Thomas O’Hanlon, Esq. (trial counsel) was appointed to represent
Appellant and requested continuances from September 15, 2015, to January
12, 2016.
The docket indicates that on February 23, 2016, Appellant rejected a
plea offer, and trial was scheduled for October 24, 2016. On October 17,
2016, the trial court ordered a continuance to May 8, 2017, due to an
outstanding DNA report and the court’s unavailability.
At some time prior to trial, trial counsel apparently informed the court
that Appellant wanted private counsel to enter an appearance.5 See N.T.,
5/8/17, at 5-6. The trial court denied that request because Appellant’s
preferred counsel would not be available until the following year. See id.
____________________________________________
5 The record does not show when trial counsel discussed a continuance for
private counsel to enter an appearance or the contents of trial counsel’s
communication with the trial court. No formal motion or an order denying
such motion was entered into the record.
-2-
J-S23023-18
On May 8, 2017, before jury selection, Appellant requested a
continuance to replace trial counsel with private counsel. Id. The trial court
denied the request for continuance on the record, and Appellant proceeded to
trial represented by trial counsel.
The trial court summarized the evidence presented at trial as follows:
[O]n May 10, 2015, at around 12:15 a.m., Police Officer
Christopher Thompson and his partner, Police Officer Joseph.
Hodge, were on patrol near the 1200 block of Atlantic Street. They
heard a “pop” sound, which suggested a muffled gun shot. They
drove around and observed a person running from a silver Dodge
Avenger. The officers proceeded to the vehicle, where they
observed the body of [Decedent], who was bleeding, but still alive.
The officers transported [Decedent] to the nearest hospital, where
he expired.
Assistant United States Attorney Leo Tsao testified that about a
decade earlier, [Decedent] had aided Federal officials in building
a case against [Appellant]. [Appellant] ultimately pleaded guilty
and went to prison. In consideration for his cooperation,
[Decedent] received a reduced sentence.
Police recovered a wallet containing [Appellant’s] identification
from the vehicle. Police also recovered a Taurus .38 six shot
revolver, and two fired cartridge cases from the left rear seat of
the vehicle.
Brian Gaeta testified that after hearing two shots, he looked out
his window and saw a man standing by a vehicle. He did not see
any other people on the scene. At trial and at a police photo array,
he identified [Appellant] as having been on the scene. He was
unable to identify a suspect at a police lineup. Testifying for the
defense, the lineup supervisor, Detective William Urban stated
that [Appellant] was in a lineup conducted on August 10, 2015
and that Mr. Gaeta did not pick out [Appellant] or any other person
in the lineup.
Dr. Albert Chu, Chief Deputy Medical Examiner, testified that
[Decedent] suffered two shots through his brain. The manner of
death was homicide.
-3-
J-S23023-18
Latavia Hudson testified that at the time of the offense, she was
in a relationship with [Appellant]. A 2011 Dodge Avenger was
registered in both of their names. She testified that on May 9,
2015, [Appellant] took the Dodge Avenger, drove away and never
returned with the car.
Officer Gregory Welsh, of the Firearms Identification Unit, testified
that two bullets recovered from [Decedent]’s brain were fired from
the Taurus revolver found in the Dodge Avenger.
Benjamin Sapir Levin, who works in the DNA laboratory of the
Police Department’s Office of Forensic Science, testified that
[Appellant’s] DNA was found on the Taurus revolver.
It was stipulated that Police Officer Jason Stark of the Crime Scene
Unit recovered [Appellant]’s latent finger prints from the left rear
door frame and the right rear door frame of the Dodge Avenger.
It was stipulated that [Appellant] was not licensed to carry a
firearm.
Testifying for the defense, Detective Theodore Hagan of the
Homicide Unit, stated that three cellular telephones had been
recovered from the Dodge Avenger. One telephone was owned by
[Appellant]; the second telephone was owned by [Decedent]; and
the third telephone was owned by a man named Aquil Sowell.
[Appellant] testified that he had no animus toward [Decedent]. He
told the jury that on the evening of May 9, 201[5], [Appellant]
and [Decedent] picked up “Ace” (presumably Aquil Sowell) in
connection with a drug transaction. As they drove to Atlantic
Street, a dispute broke out between Ace and [Decedent].
[Appellant] said that he stopped the car and got out to avoid
hearing the argument. [Appellant] claimed that he heard two
shots and saw Ace get out of the car and run away. [Appellant]
testified that he also ran away.
Trial Ct. Op., 11/27/17, at 7-10.
The Commonwealth called Sylvester Ellis, Decedent’s stepfather, in
rebuttal. Ellis testified that he was incarcerated in Philadelphia County Prison,
where Appellant was in custody for the instant charges. According to Ellis, on
November 26, 2015, while they were in county prison, Appellant assaulted
-4-
J-S23023-18
him and made a statement indicating that he killed Decedent. The trial court,
over Appellant’s objections, permitted the Commonwealth to publish two color
photographs of Ellis following the attack. The photographs showed Ellis in a
neck brace, with a tube in his mouth, and with swelling and blood on his face.6
Toward the end of the Commonwealth’s closing argument, the
prosecutor asked the jury to “return the only verdict that speaks the truth and
have the courage to say, as I do right now.” N.T., 5/17/17, at 44. The
prosecutor immediately thereafter addressed Appellant, stating: “for what you
did . . . on May 10th . . . in 2015 for when you took that .38 caliber revolver,
you put if within six inches of [Decedent’s] head and you pulled the trigger
not once but twice, sir, you are guilty.” Id. Appellant’s counsel objected,
noting that the prosecutor, when making those statements, raised his voice,
approached within five feet of Appellant, and pointed at Appellant. Id. at 76.
The court overruled Appellant’s objection.
On May 17, 2017, the jury found Appellant guilty of first-degree murder,
carrying a firearm without a license, and possession of an instrument of crime.
The trial court sentenced Appellant that same day to life imprisonment for
first-degree murder and concurrent terms of imprisonment for the remaining
offenses.7
____________________________________________
6The Commonwealth did not attempt to admit or publish another photograph,
which depicted a wound to Decedent’s stepfather’s scrotum.
7Specifically, the trial court imposed concurrent sentences of three-and-one-
half to seven years for carrying a firearm without a license and two-and-one-
half to five years for possessing an instrument of crime.
-5-
J-S23023-18
Appellant challenged the weight of the evidence in a timely post-
sentence motion. The trial court denied the motion on May 25, 2017.
Appellant timely filed a notice of appeal, and after obtaining an
extension of time, complied with the trial court’s order to submit a Pa.R.A.P.
1925(b) statement. The trial court filed a responsive opinion.
Appellant presents the following questions for review:
1. Was Appellant denied his Sixth Amendment right to counsel of
his choice because the trial court denied Appellant a continuance
so that Appellant’s counsel of choice could be prepared and ready
to represent Appellant at trial?
2. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by allowing inflammatory
color photographs of a witness that was injured by Appellant while
Appellant was in pretrial custody?
3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by allowing the
prosecutor to engage in misconduct when the prosecutor was
allowed to stand a few feet from Appellant during closing
argument and when the prosecutor repeatedly pointed and
shouted directly at Appellant?
4. Is Appellant’s conviction for first-degree murder against the
weight of the evidence because, inter alia, there was no
eyewitness testimony, because people knew that Appellant was
with Decedent so there is a lack of prior planning, and the revenge
motive is questionable because Appellant and Decedent had
previously socialized without incident?
5. Was there insufficient evidence to convict for first-degree
murder because there was no eyewitness testimony, because
people knew that Appellant was with Decedent so there is a lack
of prior planning, and the revenge motive is questionable because
Appellant and Decedent had previously socialized without
incident?
Appellant’s Brief at 4-5.
-6-
J-S23023-18
Appellant first claims that the trial court erred in denying his request for
a continuance to retain private counsel. By way of background, the record
contains the following discussion on the day of jury selection.
[Appellant]: A while ago, I dismissed O’Hanlon [trial counsel] as
my lawyer.
THE COURT: Well, is he someone that you retained?
[Appellant]: Yes, Mr. --
[Trial counsel]: No. Am I someone that you retained?
[Appellant]: Mr. Harris.
THE COURT: Mr. O’Hanlon, was he retained by you?
[Appellant]: He was court-appointed.
THE COURT: Okay.
[Appellant]: I wanted a private counsel.
THE COURT: Well, have you -- how long ago did you make that
decision?
[Appellant]: I was told by Mr. O'Hanlon that you denied Fred
Harrison, Jr. as being my attorney because it was -- the case was
going on too long.
THE COURT: That’s correct. Now my memory is refreshed, and
that request was made much too close to the trial date, and Mr.
Harrison indicated that he could not be ready. His own schedule
was such that he was tied up and could not try this case if he
remained as counsel, if he became your counsel, until next year,
sometime in February or March of next year. So I denied the
request. If he were ready, I would have granted it.
[Appellant]: The only issue I’m having right now is that me and
Mr. O’Hanlon is not seeing eye-to-eye. This is my life. This ain’t
a 5-to-10 or a 10-to-20 where I’m going home. This is if I lose,
it’s over.
THE COURT: I realize what the charges are, yes.
-7-
J-S23023-18
[Appellant]: If we continue with him as my lawyer, it’s going to
be ineffective counsel because I am not communicating with him
no more about my case. I don’t want nothing to do with it. I am
not communicating with him.
THE COURT: That’s a decision you have to make, but it will be on
you. My advice to you is you communicate with Mr. O’Hanlon and
you assist in the trial of your case. But if your perspective is that
you refuse to do that, it’s on you. That’s not ineffective assistance
of counsel, that’s ineffective cooperation with counsel. It's a
difference.
[Appellant]: He is just -- like I understand that this case has been
drawn along. I have been arrested since May the 28th, 2015. I
understand that it’s been over two years. But I really need Mister
-- I really need private counsel. Like, I really need it. Like, if I
have to wait until next year -- I am the one that’s going to be
incarcerated. Like, I understand that.
THE COURT: I understand. Mr. O’Hanlon, are you prepared to try
this case?
MR. O’HANLON: Yes, I am.
THE COURT: All right. Then this case is going to go forward and
we’re going to begin jury selection today.
N.T., 5/8/17, at 5-8.
The trial court, in its Rule 1925(a) opinion, explained its decision to deny
the requested continuance as follows:
The docket entries show that [trial counsel] entered his
appearance on September 9, 2015. The last listing prior to trial
was October 26, 2016, at which time the Commonwealth’s [plea]
offer was rejected and the case was continued until [the trial date
of] May 8, 2017. [Appellant] had sufficient time to retain a lawyer
who would have been available for the trial date. This court
cannot allow a defendant to upset the court calendars and delay
the administration of justice. [Appellant] failed to exercise his
right to choose a lawyer. . . . . Therefore, the request to substitute
counsel on the day of trial was properly denied.
Trial Ct. Op. at 4.
-8-
J-S23023-18
Appellant argues that the trial court violated his right to his choice of
counsel under the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution and
Article I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. Appellant’s Brief at 10-
11 (citation omitted). Appellant asserts that the trial court failed to accord
“sufficient deference to Appellant’s constitutional right to counsel of his choice”
and overemphasized the “efficiency of court calendaring[.]” Id. at 11.
The principles governing our review of Appellant’s claim are set forth in
Commonwealth v. Prysock, 972 A.2d 539 (Pa. Super. 2009):
[A] trial court’s decision to deny a request for a continuance
will be reversed only upon a showing of an abuse of
discretion. As we have consistently stated, an abuse of
discretion is not merely an error [in] judgment. Rather,
discretion is abused when “the law is overridden or
misapplied, or the judgment exercised is manifestly
unreasonable, or the result of partiality, prejudice, bias, or
ill-will, as shown by the evidence or the record. . . .”
With respect to the right to counsel, The Supreme Court of
Pennsylvania has stated:
[t]he right to counsel is guaranteed by both the Sixth
Amendment to the United States Constitution and by Article
I, Section 9 of the Pennsylvania Constitution. In addition to
guaranteeing representation of the indigent, these
constitutional rights entitle an accused “to choose at his own
cost and expense any lawyer he may desire.” The right to
“counsel of one’s own choosing is particularly significant
because an individual facing criminal sanctions should have
great confidence in his attorney.”
We have held, however, that the constitutional right to
counsel of one’s choice is not absolute. Rather, “the right of
the accused to choose his own counsel, as well as the
lawyer’s right to choose his clients, must be weighed against
and may be reasonably restricted by the state’s interest in
the swift and efficient administration of criminal justice.”
-9-
J-S23023-18
Thus, this Court has explained that while defendants are
entitled to choose their own counsel, they should not be
permitted to unreasonably “clog the machinery of justice or
hamper and delay the state’s efforts to effectively
administer justice.” At the same time, however, we have
explained that “‘a myopic insistence upon expeditiousness
in the face of a justifiable request for delay can render the
right to defend with counsel an empty formality.’”
Prysock, 972 A.2d at 541-42 (citations omitted).
In Prysock, the defendant was charged in May 2007. Id. at 540. Trial
was scheduled for August 2007, even though counsel was not appointed. Id.
The trial court appointed counsel and continued the trial date to November
2007. Id. Immediately before jury selection on November 1, 2007, appointed
counsel informed the court that the defendant was dissatisfied with counsel’s
representation and wished to retain private counsel. Id. The trial court denied
the request for a continuance and directed jury selection to begin. Id. The
defendant continued to express his dissatisfaction with appointed counsel
following the first day of jury selection, and he again requested a continuance
to obtain private counsel. Id.
The next day, private counsel attempted to enter an appearance. Id.
However, private counsel asserted that he was not prepared for trial and
requested a continuance of jury selection and trial. Id. The trial court denied
private counsel’s request for a continuance, and the defendant proceeded
- 10 -
J-S23023-18
through the remainder of jury selection and trial with appointed counsel.8 Id.
at 541.
Following his conviction, the defendant appealed to this Court asserting
that the trial court erred in denying his requests for continuances to obtain
private representation. The Prysock Court agreed and remanded for a new
trial.
In reversing the trial court, the Prysock Court reviewed several factors
including (1) the lack of “an ‘extensive inquiry’ into the underlying defendant’s
dissatisfaction with current counsel”; (2) whether the defendant’s
dissatisfaction with counsel amounted to “‘irreconcilable difference’”; (3) “the
number of prior continuances”; (4) “the timing of the motion” for continuance;
(5) “whether private counsel had actually been retained”; and (6) the
readiness of private counsel to proceed in a reasonable amount of time. Id.
at 543. Following its review, the Prysock Court concluded that the trial court
failed to engage in an appropriate balancing of the defendant’s constitutional
right to retain counsel against the Commonwealth’s interest in the swift
administration of justice. Id. at 544.
Instantly, Appellant stated that he was not comfortable with trial
counsel, that they were not “seeing eye-to-eye,” and that he wished to
____________________________________________
8 The Court further noted that the defendant’s “difficulties with appointed
counsel pervaded every aspect of the trial, as [the defendant] objected to
counsel’s handling of jury selection, his handling of the suppression hearing,
his questioning of witnesses at trial, and his refusal to call requested character
witnesses.” Prysock, 972 A.2d at 545.
- 11 -
J-S23023-18
proceed with private counsel. N.T., 5/8/17, at 7. However, Appellant did not
articulate any grounds to find an irreconcilable difference with trial counsel.
The record also shows there were numerous continuances prior to trial,
and nearly two years had passed since Appellant was charged. Although it is
unclear when Appellant first requested that private counsel replace trial
counsel, there is no indication that Appellant did more than express an interest
in having private counsel enter into the case. Significantly, the trial court
indicated that private counsel would not be ready to proceed until February of
the next year, approximately least nine months from the scheduled start of
trial.
Based on the totality of the foregoing circumstances, we conclude that
the trial court assessed the appropriate factors when considering Appellant’s
requests for a continuance and private counsel. See Prysock, 972 A.2d at
543-44. The trial court’s balancing of the swift administration of justice
against Appellant’s right to choice of counsel did not evince a myopic
insistence of expeditiousness over a justified request for further delays. See
id. at 542, 543. Accordingly, we discern no abuse of discretion in the trial
court’s denial of Appellant’s request for a continuance to retain private
counsel. See id. at 541.
Appellant’s second claim assails the trial court’s rulings permitting the
Commonwealth to publish photographs of the injuries Appellant inflicted on
Decedent’s stepfather, Sylvester Ellis. Appellant contends that trial court
erred in admitting inflammatory color photographs that were cumulative of
- 12 -
J-S23023-18
Ellis’ rebuttal testimony. Appellant’s Brief at 13. He further contends that the
trial court should have excluded the photographs of the injuries because they
“showed that Appellant had a propensity for inflicting serious injury.” Id.
Our standards of review are well settled.
Where a photograph “possesses gruesome or inflammatory
qualities likely to inflame the passions of the viewer” a trial court
must not merely exclude them based on those qualities, but must
determine whether their “essential evidentiary value . . . clearly
outweighs the likelihood of inflaming the minds and passions of
the jurors.” A trial court’s determination in that regard must be
affirmed unless the trial court has abused its discretion.
Commonwealth v. Lyons, 79 A.3d 1053, 1069 (Pa. 2013) (citations
omitted). Additionally, the presentation of testimony as to a person’s injuries
“does not render photographs per se inadmissible.” Commonwealth v.
Johnson, 42 A.3d 1017, 1034 (Pa. 2012) (citations omitted).
Instantly, the Commonwealth introduced Ellis’ testimony that Appellant
attacked him and stated he was going to kill Ellis as he did Decedent as
rebuttal evidence. Specifically, the Commonwealth introduced the evidence
to counter Appellant’s testimony that he harbored no ill-will against Decedent
and that a third individual in the car shot the Decedent. N.T., 5/17/17, at 38-
40. Additionally, the Commonwealth asserted that Appellant attempted to
“eliminate a witness” to whom Appellant made an admission. N.T., 5/8/17,
at 117. The Commonwealth published the photographs to the jury during
Ellis’ account of the attack and the injuries he suffered.
- 13 -
J-S23023-18
The photographs illustrated the extent of the injuries Appellant inflicted,
and the mere fact that Ellis testified to the attack does not obviate the
admissibility of the pictures. See Johnson, 42 A.3d at 1034. While
unpleasant, they were not unduly gruesome or inflammatory. Thus, we
discern no basis to disturb the trial court’s ruling that the publication of the
photographs to establish the extent of Ellis’ injuries clearly outweighed the
possibility of prejudice. See Lyons, 79 A.3d at 1069.
Appellant, in his third claim, challenges the Commonwealth’s conduct at
the end of its closing argument, when the prosecutor “stood within five feet
of Appellant and repeatedly pointed and shouted at Appellant.” Appellant’s
Brief at 15. Appellant asserts that “such zealous and personal condemnation”
affixed prejudice in the minds of the jury. Id.
We review a claim of prosecutorial misconduct to determine whether the
trial court abused its discretion in considering the nature of the misconduct
and the degree of any resulting prejudice. Commonwealth v. Judy, 978
A.2d 1015, 1019 (Pa. Super. 2009). As to the alleged misconduct, “[i]t is well
settled that a prosecutor has considerable latitude during closing arguments
and his arguments are fair if they are supported by the evidence or use
inferences that can reasonably be derived from the evidence.” Id. at 1020
(citation omitted). Prosecutorial misconduct will not be found based on
oratorical flair or if the conduct at issue did not prejudice the jury by impeding
their ability to weigh the evidence objectively and render a true verdict. Id.
- 14 -
J-S23023-18
In Commonwealth v. Culver, 51 A.3d 866 (Pa. Super. 2012), this
Court affirmed a trial court’s ruling that the defendant was entitled to a new
trial due to the cumulative effect of several instances of prosecutorial
misconduct. Culver, 51 A.3d at 872, 882. Specifically, in Culver, the trial
court found that the prosecutor (1) despite the court’s admonitions, continued
to intimidate the defendant by invading the defendant’s and his counsel’s
“personal space” by pointing his finger in their faces and yelling; (2) personally
opined on the credibility of the defendant; and (3) referred to evidence that
was not in the record. Id. at 872. Discussing the prosecutor’s repeated
conduct, this Court noted:
At best, such behaviors demonstrate a lack of professionalism in
the courtroom. At worst, they could be interpreted as intentional
conduct intended to inflame the passions of the jury or to instigate
a reaction from the defendant or his counsel. What is clear is that
such behavior has no part in the rational, logical, and
contemplative evaluation of the evidence that should occur during
a criminal trial.
The deprivation of an individual’s liberty should never turn upon
the theatrical presentation of arguments or evidence, the volume
and tone of an advocate’s voice, or due to physical acts of
intimidation. That such behavior occurred in front of a jury only
serves to increase its potential prejudicial effect. While we might
presume that a trial judge could resist the prejudicial effect of such
theatrics, especially where the trial judge had prior experience
with a particularly dramatic attorney, we cannot assume the same
when a case is tried before a jury. A jury might well become
distracted from their task by the theatrics of an over-zealous
prosecutor. We, therefore, have no reservation in determining
that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining that
these events contributed greatly to denying . . . a fair and
impartial trial.
Id. at 875-76.
- 15 -
J-S23023-18
Instantly, Appellant’s suggestion that the prosecutor yelled at Appellant
is not supported in the record. See N.T. 5/17/17, at 76 (indicating that trial
counsel objected based, in part, on the prosecutor’s use of a “slightly raised”
voice). Moreover, the prosecutor’s “do as I do now” argument, which was
accompanied by the prosecutor pointing a finger within five feet of Appellant,
did not personally opine on the credibility of any witness or serve to intimidate
the defense. The trial court was in the best position to observe prosecutor’s
conduct and tone and concluded that the prosecutor merely used a “raised
voice” near Appellant and “did nothing to prejudice the jury or impede the
rendering of a true verdict.” Trial Ct. Op. at 6-7.
Under these circumstances, we conclude that the prosecutor’s limited
theatrics did not exceed the bounds of oratorical flair. See Judy, 978 A.2d at
1019; cf. Culver, 51 A.3d at 875-76. Thus, we have no basis to disturb the
trial court’s conclusion Appellant’s claim did not establish prosecutorial
misconduct.
Appellant, in his final two claims, raises challenges to the weight and
sufficiency of the evidence. Appellant’s Brief at 19, 21. In both claims,
Appellant contends that the case against him was circumstantial as no
eyewitness testified that Appellant shot Decedent. He further argues that the
trial evidence supported his testimony that a third person in this car, Ace,
killed Decedent. Id. at 19, 21. Moreover, Appellant suggests that he could
not have planned, intended, or actually shot Decedent when Decedent’s family
was aware that Decedent was with Appellant when he was killed, the killing
- 16 -
J-S23023-18
occurred inside a vehicle associated with Appellant, and Appellant testified
that he harbored no ill-will against Decedent. Id. at 19, 21.
As noted in Commonwealth v. Widmer, 744 A.2d 745, 751 (Pa.
2000), challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence and weight of the evidence
are distinct. See Widmer, 744 A.2d at 751.
A claim challenging the sufficiency of the evidence is a question of
law. Evidence will be deemed sufficient to support the verdict
when it establishes each material element of the crime charged
and the commission thereof by the accused, beyond a reasonable
doubt. Where the evidence offered to support the verdict is in
contradiction to the physical facts, in contravention to human
experience and the laws of nature, then the evidence is insufficient
as a matter of law. When reviewing a sufficiency claim the court
is required to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
verdict winner giving the prosecution the benefit of all reasonable
inferences to be drawn from the evidence.
A motion for new trial on the grounds that the verdict is contrary
to the weight of the evidence, concedes that there is sufficient
evidence to sustain the verdict. Thus, the trial court is under no
obligation to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
verdict winner. An allegation that the verdict is against the weight
of the evidence is addressed to the discretion of the trial court. A
new trial should not be granted because of a mere conflict in the
testimony or because the judge on the same facts would have
arrived at a different conclusion. A trial judge must do more than
reassess the credibility of the witnesses and allege that he would
not have assented to the verdict if he were a juror. Trial judges,
in reviewing a claim that the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence do not sit as the thirteenth juror. Rather, the role of the
trial judge is to determine that “notwithstanding all the facts,
certain facts are so clearly of greater weight that to ignore them
or to give them equal weight with all the facts is to deny justice.”
***
Appellate review of a weight claim is a review of the exercise of
discretion, not of the underlying question of whether the verdict
is against the weight of the evidence. Because the trial judge has
- 17 -
J-S23023-18
had the opportunity to hear and see the evidence presented, an
appellate court will give the gravest consideration to the findings
and reasons advanced by the trial judge when reviewing a trial
court’s determination that the verdict is against the weight of the
evidence.
Id. at 751-53 (citations omitted).
As to Appellant’s weight of the evidence claim, the trial court noted that
there was ample circumstantial evidence establishing Appellant killed
Decedent. The court specifically referenced the undisputed facts establishing
that Appellant was at the scene of the murder, that Appellant’s DNA was on
the murder weapon, that Decedent had cooperated with federal authorities
against Appellant, and that Appellant assaulted Ellis in prison. Trial Ct. Op. at
11.
We add that the jury was entitled to reject Appellant’s assertions that a
third person in the car shot Decedent, that Appellant harbored no ill-will
against Decedent, and that Appellant would not have shot Decedent when
Decedent’s family was aware that Decedent was with Appellant at the time of
the shooting. Thus, we discern no basis to disturb the trial court’s conclusion
that the interests of justice did not require a new trial. See Widmer, 744
A.2d at 753.
As to Appellant’s sufficiency claim, a review of Appellant’s arguments
reveals that Appellant essentially rehashes his weight of the evidence claim.
See Appellant’s Brief at 21. In any event, it is well-settled that
To sustain a conviction for murder of the first-degree, the
Commonwealth must prove that: (1) a human being was
unlawfully killed; (2) the person accused is responsible for the
- 18 -
J-S23023-18
killing; and (3) the accused acted with specific intent to kill.
“Specific intent may be inferred from the use of a deadly weapon
on a vital part of the victim’s body.” Also, . . . the period of
reflection required for premeditation to establish the specific
intent to kill “may be very brief; in fact the design to kill can be
formulated in a fraction of a second. Premeditation and
deliberation exist whenever the assailant possesses the conscious
purpose to bring about death.”
Commonwealth v. Rivera, 983 A.2d 1211, 1220 (Pa. 2009) (citations
omitted).
Instantly, the record reveals that Appellant was present at the time of
the shooting and his DNA was on the murder weapon. A witness testified that
he only saw one person, Appellant, fleeing the scene of the murder. The
victim was shot twice in the head. Thus, there was ample evidence from which
the jury could have concluded that Appellant killed the decedent and that it
was his conscious purpose to bring about death. See id. Thus, no relief is
due.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/29/18
- 19 -