in the Interest of T. C., a Child v. Department of Family and Protective Services

Opinion issued August 30, 2018

In The

Court of Appeals
For The

First District of Texas
————————————
NO. 01-17-00497-CV
———————————
IN THE INTEREST OF T.C., A CHILD

On Appeal from the 309th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Case No. 2014-71072

MEMORANDUM OPINION

In this accelerated appeal,1 appellant, mother, challenges the trial court’s

order, entered after a bench trial, terminating her parental rights to her minor child,

1
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.405(a) (Vernon 2014); TEX. R. APP. P. 28.4.
T.C.2 In four issues, mother contends that the trial court erred in appointing the

Department of Family and Protective Services (“DFPS”) as T.C.’s permanent

managing conservator3 and the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to

support the trial court’s findings that that she knowingly placed, or knowingly

allowed T.C. to remain, in conditions or surroundings which endangered her

physical and emotional well-being;4 engaged, or knowingly placed T.C. with

persons who engaged, in conduct that endangered her physical and emotional

well-being;5 failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically

established the actions necessary for her to obtain the return of T.C.;6 and termination

of her parental rights was in the best interest of T.C.7

We affirm.

2
At the time of trial, T.C. was three years old. Mother has two other children, S.C.
and T.L.C., who are not the subjects of the instant appeal. At the time of trial, S.C.
was fourteen years old and T.L.C. was six years old.
The trial court also terminated the parental rights of T.C’s alleged father, and
mother’s former boyfriend, C.W., who is not a party to this appeal.
3
See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.207(a) (Vernon Supp. 2017).
4
See id. § 161.001(b)(1)(D) (Vernon Supp. 2017).
5
See id. § 161.001(b)(1)(E).
6
See id. § 161.001(b)(1)(O).
7
See id. § 161.001(b)(2).

2
 Background

On September 10, 2015, DFPS filed its first amended petition, seeking

termination of mother’s parental rights to T.C. and managing conservatorship of the

child. DFPS attached to its petition the affidavit of DFPS Investigator Sefra Perkins.

In the affidavit, of which the trial court took judicial notice at trial, Perkins

testified that on March 9, 2014, DFPS received a report of neglectful supervision of

T.C. and mother’s other two children, S.C. and T.L.C. S.C., who was eleven years

old at the time, had found mother “unresponsive on the floor next to her bed.” Also,

found next to the bathroom sink, was an aspirin bottle with forty-nine pills missing.

S.C. called for emergency assistance, and mother was taken to a hospital.

During DFPS’s investigation of the incident, mother stated that “she was not

trying to commit suicide.” However, mother conceded that she had taken “10-15

pills due to feeling really upset.” She had been feeling upset “for some time,” “got

real depressed,” and an argument with C.W., T.C.’s alleged father, “triggered her.”

Because mother was “unable to provide adequate care for” the children, T.C. and

her sister, T.L.C., were placed with mother’s sister to “ensure [their] safety.” On

November 11, 2014, mother removed T.C. and T.L.C. from their placement with her

sister.8

8
Mother stated that her relationship with her mother and sister was very strained.

3
 On December 4, 2014, mother left T.C., who was eleven months old at the

time, and T.L.C., who was four years old, home alone at night while she went to a

store. When mother returned home, T.L.C. was “at the door.” Mother stated that

she had “left the children alone to get medication for [T.L.C.] because she had a

really bad cough.” The next day, however, the DFPS caseworker did not see T.L.C.

coughing, and she noticed that the bottle of medicine purportedly bought by mother

the night before was “less than half full.” Law enforcement officers had to be called

to mother’s home that day because she would not release T.C. into the custody of

DFPS.9

Perkins further testified that mother admitted “to leaving [her] 4 year old and

11 month old home alone to go to a . . . store late at night.” Mother also instructed

T.L.C. not to “tell anyone that she [had] left [the home]” and confided in C.W. that

she “need[ed] to figure out how to tell [T.L.C.] how not to tell anyone about what

[went] on in [her] home.” Perkins opined that by leaving the children home alone,

mother “creat[ed] an immediate danger to the[ir] safety and welfare,”

“demonstrate[d] [her] inability to be protective of [her] children,” and “exhibit[ed]

questionable judgment through her actions.”

9
T.L.C.’s father picked her up and told the DFPS caseworker that he would keep her.
However, he stated that he was afraid that “mother would come with police to his
home.” While he had possession of his child, mother later “threatened” T.L.C.’s
father with “removal” of T.L.C. and “indicated that she [would] be taking the police
out with her . . . to enforce her wishes.”

4
 At trial, DFPS caseworker Tara Biggers testified that she had previously been

a supervisor assigned to T.C.’s case. When the case was initiated, mother received

a Family Service Plan (“FSP”), which the trial court admitted into evidence.

Biggers was present at the time mother received her FSP, which stated that on March

9, 2014, DFPS had received a report of neglectful supervision of mother’s children,

including T.C. S.C. had found mother unresponsive next to her bed and called for

emergency assistance. Also, found next to the bathroom sink, was an aspirin bottle

with forty-nine pills missing. Mother was transported to a hospital. Further, on

December 5, 2014, DFPS received a telephone call from a person stating that mother

had left her children home alone on the previous night “while she went to the grocery

store [for] over 20 minutes.

The FSP also stated that mother had continually left her two young children,

T.C. and T.L.C., “who [were] both very vulnerable,” unsupervised and alone in her

home. While T.C. and T.L.C. were home alone, T.L.C. “left the home, and was seen

wandering around the apartment complex looking for her mother.” Further, mother

“ha[d] failed to accept responsibility of being a parent to her children” and “lack[ed]

the ability to apply how to be a better parent.” She had limited familial support,

“ha[d] not demonstrated an ability to use her support systems to help ensure that

[her] children [were] safe at all times,” and was diagnosed with “[m]ental health

issues.”

5
 Under her FSP, mother was required to participate in counseling; maintain

stable employment for six months and submit her paystubs to her caseworker each

month; attend all court hearings, permanency conference meetings, and family visits;

submit to random narcotics testing; maintain contact with her children; maintain

stable housing and provide her caseworker with a copy of her lease; attend parenting

classes, successfully complete those classes, and provide her caseworker with a

certificate of completion; and participate in a psychological evaluation and follow

all recommendations from that evaluation, including any recommendations for

individual therapy and family therapy.10 Biggers noted that mother did not complete

her FSP, including her individual therapy or family therapy requirements.11

In regard to mother, Biggers testified that her children were “a big part of her

life” and she appeared to love T.C. and her other two children. However, during

the pendency of the case, mother was uncooperative, very argumentative, and

10
Biggers similarly testified that under mother’s FSP, she was required to participate
in individual therapy, complete a psychological evaluation, maintain a stable home,
be employed, attend court hearings and parenting classes, and follow any
recommendations of her evaluators or therapists.
11
Biggers explained that generally when a therapist discontinues therapy with a
parent, DFPS does not consider such circumstances to constitute a successful
completion of the therapy requirement. In most instances, when a therapy
requirement has been completed, a therapist will provide DFPS with her notes,
stating that the parent’s therapy requirement was successfully met, what the parent
had achieved, and that “services [were] no longer needed.” However, when a
therapist recommends further therapy sessions for a parent and the parent does not
follow through on the recommendation, then she does not successfully complete the
requirements of her FSP.

6
“always arguing” with Biggers or with the DFPS caseworker. Further, during

mother’s visits with T.C. at the DFPS office, Biggers had heard her, in the presence

of her children, yelling at the DFPS caseworker. And mother appeared anxious and

very upset. Biggers also noted that because of safety concerns, security had to be

called more than three times while mother was at the DFPS office.

In particular, during one visit, Biggers recalled that mother had T.C. “on her

hip” and was “swinging the baby around,” not “supporting her [neck] like she should

have been,” while arguing with a DFPS caseworker. Mother appeared upset and

anxious, and security was called out of concern for the safety of mother’s children

and to protect them. Mother’s visit with the children had to be stopped because of

her behavior, and she was removed from the DFPS office by security. Biggers

opined that it was not in the children’s best interest to observe “their mother being

removed by a security officer from their visit.” And mother had put T.C., who was

one year old at the time, in danger “because of the way her behavior was.” Biggers

also noted that during another visit with the children at the DFPS office, mother

“called the police on [DFPS],” was “upset in front of the children,” and unable to

“redirect.”

Biggers explained that when mother had engaged in her “erratic” behavior at

the DFPS office, T.C. was present, saw her mother’s behavior, became very upset,

7
and cried.12 Biggers personally observed mother’s erratic behavior and T.C.’s

negative reaction to it on approximately ten or fifteen occasions. And she noted that

it was not in the children’s best interest to observe mother acting erratically.

Biggers further testified that during the pendency of the instant case, DFPS

requested that mother no longer have direct contact with it because she was very

argumentative, harassed DFPS employees, made “obsessive [telephone] calls,” did

not comply with DFPS’s directives, exhibited erratic behavior during her visits with

her children at the DFPS office, and “called the police on [DFPS].” Mother also sent

Biggers and a DFPS caseworker threatening emails. And Biggers expressed

concerns about mother’s mental health status.

In regard to T.C., Biggers noted that DFPS’s goal for the child was an

unrelated adoption and DFPS recommended termination of mother’s parental rights.

After being removed from mother’s care, T.C., at one point, was placed with a

relative. However, while T.C. was placed with the relative, mother was not

cooperative, T.C. had to be removed from the placement, but not at DFPS’s request,

and mother had “called the police to [T.C.’s] foster . . . home.” T.C.’s current foster

placement, a non-relative placement, is not a long-term placement and DFPS had

requested that she be moved to a more permanent placement during the pendency of

the instant case. However, the trial court had denied that request because, at the

12
S.C. and T.L.C. were also upset by mother’s “erratic” behavior at the DFPS office.

8
time, T.C.’s case had been set for trial. Biggers opined that the potential permanent

placement for T.C., which was with her doctor, was still an available long-term

placement for the child at the time of trial.

In regard to C.W., T.C.’s alleged father, Biggers testified that DFPS was

aware that he was a registered sex offender13 and DFPS had discussed that fact with

mother prior to September 2016. During the discussion, mother told DFPS that she

did not have a relationship with C.W. Biggers expressed concern about C.W. being

around mother’s children because “he’s a registered sex offender who’s highly likely

to offend again.”

Cathy Jordan, a counselor at Clear Channel Counseling, testified that she

began seeing mother for individual therapy in February 2015. During their sessions,

Jordan worked with mother on issues related to anxiety, depression, anger

management, “setting boundaries,” and parenting. Mother attended therapy sessions

with Jordan once every two weeks until June 2016, when she began attending

sessions once a week. Generally, mother was cooperative, but not forthcoming,

13
The trial court admitted into evidence C.W.’s criminal record, revealing that on
December 1, 2005, he was convicted of the felony offense of sexual performance
by a child and sentenced to confinement for three years. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 43.25(d), (e) (Vernon Supp. 2017). In that case, the indictment alleged that
C.W., “did then and there unlawfully, and knowing the character and content of the
material, intentionally and knowingly direct[] a performance including sexual
conduct by a child younger than eighteen years of age, namely photographing the
child[’]s female sexual organ area.” See id. § 43.25(d).

9
during her sessions with Jordan. Jordan opined that mother wanted T.C. and her

other two children returned to her care.

In September 2016, Jordan began seeing mother, T.C., and mother’s other two

children for family therapy sessions.14 On September 26, 2016, she attended a

family therapy session at mother’s home. During the session, mother was

cooperative, and Jordan worked with her on “a discipline chart, behavior

modification, [and] how to deal with disciplining” her children. She also continued

to work with mother on her issues related to anxiety, depression, anger management,

parenting, and boundaries. According to Jordan, mother, T.C., and the other two

children appeared to interact as a family, the children appeared to love their mother,

and the children knew that mother was in fact their mother. In regard to mother’s

home, Jordan stated that it had enough space for T.C. and mother’s other two

children, S.C. had her own bedroom, and T.C. shared a bedroom with T.L.C.

Mother’s “home [was] furnished for [the] children” and safe.

Jordan explained that although she had originally recommended family

reunification for mother and T.C., her recommendation changed after the September

26, 2016 family therapy session because, at that time, she learned that mother had

taken T.C. and her other two children “on an outing with a [registered] sex offender,”

14
Jordan noted that she had only two family therapy sessions with mother and her
children.

10
i.e., T.C.’s alleged father., C.W., during the children’s unsupervised visit with

mother. When Jordan told mother that such behavior was unacceptable and “she

needed to immediately stop seeing” C.W., mother appeared remorseful and

“promised to never do it again.” However, Jordan noted that she and mother had,

prior to September 2016, during an individual therapy session, discussed C.W. And

she had previously advised mother not to have any relationship with him. Further,

during that session, mother actually told Jordan that she would not have the children

around C.W. In September 2016, however, Jordan learned that mother had done

otherwise. Jordan opined that mother’s decision to bring T.C. and her other two

children around C.W. placed them in danger, mother was not thinking clearly, and

she exercised poor judgment by allowing “her children to be around . . . a sex

offender.”

Jordan further testified that on September 26, 2016, she had her last therapy

session with mother, who appeared attentive, angry, sad, guarded, fidgety, and

anxious. At that time, mother exhibited poor judgment and showed signs of anxiety.

But, she did not show any signs of depression or suicidal tendencies. When Jordan

terminated her therapy sessions with mother, she recommended that mother continue

both individual and family therapy. However, she noted that any future family

therapy sessions with mother and her children should occur at the DFPS office

because of mother’s decision to take the children around C.W. while they were

11
attending an unsupervised visit with mother. Jordan also stated that, after

September 26, 2016, she no longer recommended family reunification for mother

and T.C. And she explained that she terminated her individual and family therapy

sessions with mother because she felt that mother “had not been forthcoming with

[her] as her therapist,” mother “did not trust the process,” and mother “did not trust

[Jordan] . . . [enough] to be honest and open in [her] communication[s] with” Jordan.

Jordan noted that she would be concerned if mother had not engaged in individual

or family therapy since September 26, 2016, when her treatment with mother had

ended.

In regard to the children, Jordan testified that mother’s oldest child, S.C., who

was raised by mother, loved mother and was intelligent, personable, and likable.

Mother was involved “with the education of her children,”15 and T.C. and T.L.C.

were bonded with mother. Jordan opined that mother’s children needed a safe and

stable environment.

In regard to mother, Jordan noted that she had a job, and Jordan was not

concerned about any illegal narcotics use. However, mother’s decision to allow her

children to have contact with a registered sex offender weighed against her parental

15
Jordan noted that she was not aware that T.L.C. had been living with her father since
she had begun attending pre-kindergarten and father had been T.L.C.’s caregiver
since she had become school age.

12
abilities, especially because mother was aware at the time that she was not allowed

to have the children around C.W.

The trial court admitted into evidence Jordan’s therapy notes from her

individual and family therapy sessions with mother. In her final “Progress Note,”

dated September 29, 2016, Jordan stated:

Anxiety symptoms are present. [Mother]’s anxiety symptoms continue.
The symptoms of this disorder continue unchanged. Anxiety attacks
are reported to be occurring a few times a week. [Mother] continues to
avoid certain situations because they still evoke anxiety. The frequency
of irritability episodes remains the same.

[Mother] exhibits symptoms of borderline personality disorder,
characterized by pervasive instability in moods, behavior, and
interpersonal relationships. She reports [that] her interpersonal
relationships are unstable and intense.

[Mother] exhibits symptoms of dependent personality disorder,
characterized by a long standing need to be taken care of and a fear of
being abandoned or separated from important individuals in her life.
She avoids making decisions and allows others to make her important
decisions. [Mother] fears losing [her] family. [She] describes [an]
intense fear of abandonment and a sense of devastation or helplessness
when relationships end.

In regard to mother’s behavior, Jordan, in her “Progress Note,” stated that

mother’s “relationships with family and friends [were] reduced”; “[t]here ha[d] been

some outbursts or expressions of anger”; “[t]here ha[d] been fewer instances of

impulsive behavior”; mother was sometimes confused; and mother did not have

continuous or “completely restful” sleep. Further, during mother’s last therapy

session, she had appeared angry, sad, guarded, minimally communicative, anxious,
13
and downcast. However, mother was also attentive, appropriately groomed, and

cooperative, with no gross behavioral abnormalities. There were “no apparent signs

of hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviors, or other indicators of psychotic

process.” Mother’s associations were intact, her thinking was logical, and she

expressed no suicidal ideas or intentions. Jordan noted that mother’s insight into her

problems and her judgment appeared poor, and she was fidgety. Jordan diagnosed

mother with a generalized anxiety disorder and made the following

recommendations: “Continue treatment . . . . Individual [c]ounseling and [f]amily

counseling but due to change in [mother’s] behavior . . . . family [therapy] sessions

[should] return to the confines of the [DFPS] office . . . .”

In her “Group Therapy Note,” also dated September 29, 2016, Jordan

explained that the focus of the family therapy session on September 26, 2016 was

“the exploration and understanding of family dynamics” and mother, T.C., and

mother’s other two children were present. During the session, mother and the

children “appeared guarded, minimally communicative, and happy.” Mother

“[d]isplayed [a] sad demeanor,” was fidgety, and exhibited restless behavior. Her

posture and body language also suggested underlying anxiety, but she did not

express any suicidal ideas or intentions. Jordan again diagnosed mother with a

generalized anxiety disorder and recommended that she continue family therapy

sessions at the DFPS office “under [the] direct supervision [of] the staff” until

14
mother was capable of making better decisions in regard to the welfare of her

children.16

T.L.C.’s father testified that he was currently the primary caretaker of the

child and she had been living with him for two years and six months, i.e.,

“throughout the pendency of th[e] . . . case.”17 In regard to his interactions with

mother, T.L.C.’s father noted that, during the pendency of the instant case, she had

cursed at him, she had obsessively sent him text messages,18 and the trial court had

ordered her not to contact him directly. In her text messages, she “w[ould] become

very angry[,] . . . use a lot of swearing and profanity[,] and [make] derogatory

statements toward[] [T.L.C.’s father] and [his] family.” In the past, mother had been

abusive, verbally abusive, and negative toward him. And she had made derogatory

remarks toward T.L.C.’s father in front of their child, including telling T.L.C. that

16
In her first “Progress Note,” dated February 23, 2015, Jordan diagnosed mother with
a generalized anxiety disorder and a “[l]ack of insight into the consequences of [her]
behavior.” She stated that mother “expressed feelings of defensiveness, blame,
anxiety, fear and frustration about losing her children in the system” and reported
“that it was her fault that her children [were] in the system and she should have been
more thoughtful and used better judgment when making a decision that would affect
her life.”
17
T.L.C.’s father noted that, while T.L.C. was in his care, mother had inappropriate
telephone conversations with the child, which upset her. For instance, mother
discussed with T.L.C., such things as, “who’s supposed to be taking care of her”
and mother would “fuss at her for things that . . . w[ere] out of [T.L.C.’s] control,”
such as what she wore or ate.
18
T.L.C.’s father explained that sometimes mother would send him “[h]undreds” of
text messages in an hour.

15
her father “ha[d] a family,” he was “not taking care of her properly,” and T.L.C. was

“not supposed to be” with him.

T.L.C.’s father further explained that he was requesting that the trial court

order supervised visitation for mother and T.L.C. because, in his opinion, “she

ha[d]n’t proven that she’s responsible in caring for [her] children.”19 In regard to

the night in December 2014, when mother left T.C. and T.L.C. home alone, T.L.C.’s

father explained that he had no knowledge as to whether or not mother actually went

to a store to get medication for T.L.C. However, he noted that T.L.C. was not sick

and did not show any signs of sickness when he picked her up the next day.

T.L.C.’s father also expressed concern that his child had had contact with

C.W. while in mother’s care because having a child around a registered sex offender

is “very dangerous.” And he noted that he was concerned with mother’s judgment

and felt that DFPS needed to monitor mother’s interactions with T.L.C. He opined

that mother was not capable of co-parenting with him, and he wanted T.L.C. to

remain in his care because he “c[ould] make better decisions” regarding her

well-being and mother was “dangerous to [his] child.”

19
The trial court admitted into evidence a letter, written in 2013, several years before
trial, from mother to T.L.C.’s father in which she stated that she wanted him to
“[s]ign over [his] parental rights” to T.L.C. because C.W. was involved in T.L.C.’s
life, C.W. loved and adored mother’s children, and T.L.C. “call[ed] [C.W.] daddy.”
Mother stated that C.W. wanted to adopt T.L.C.

16
 Terry Lender, a senior investigator for the Harris County Attorney’s Office,

testified that he performed a “criminal check” on mother and, at the time of trial, she

“ha[d] an outstanding misdemeanor C warrant out of Pearland P[olice] D[epartment]

for failure to maintain financial responsibility . . . from 9-24-2014.”20 Lender noted

that the warrant was active and related to mother “not having insurance to drive.”

Mother testified that she had three children, S.C., born in 2002, T.L.C., born

in 2010, and T.C., born in 2013, that were removed from her care in December 2014.

C.W., a registered sex offender, is T.C.’s father. Mother began dating C.W. in 2012,

and she became aware that he was a registered sex offender in July 2013, while she

was pregnant with T.C. She noted that although she had previously been in a

relationship with C.W., it had ended in 2015. C.W. had been to mother’s home and

had previously spent the night there, although it had been “[a] long time” since that

had occurred. She last saw C.W. on September 24, 2016; however, while the instant

case was pending, she had contact with C.W. through text messages and the

telephone.21 Mother noted that she had emailed C.W. in January 2017, a month

20
See TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 601.051 (Vernon 2011) (requirement of financial
responsibility), § 601.191(a) (Vernon Supp. 2017) (“A person commits an offense
if the person operates a motor vehicle in violation of [s]ection 601.051.”).
21
Mother explained that she had seen C.W. “[a]t the most, five [times]” since
September 24, 2016, either at the library or on her way to the bus. However, she
did not discuss anything with C.W. during those times. And she had not had direct
contact with C.W. since September 24, 2016, although she had “seen him from time
to time sometimes, not all the time.”

17
before trial began. According to mother, her relationship with C.W. was abusive,

but she did not want C.W.’s parental rights terminated.

Mother further testified that on September 24, 2016, she told C.W. that she

and the children, including T.C., were going to a Chuck E. Cheese restaurant during

one of her unsupervised visits with the children.22 He then came to the restaurant,

although she did not invite him. C.W. was at the restaurant for thirty minutes, and

during that time, he held T.C. and hugged her once. C.W. also came to mother’s

home that day, while the children were there for their unsupervised visit. Mother let

C.W. into her home and did not “force him to leave.” He stayed at mother’s home

for about thirty minutes, and during that time, he tickled T.L.C. and chased the

children around in a circle “for play.” Mother conceded that she had exercised poor

judgment in allowing C.W. to have contact with the children, and she stated that she

would not let him near the children again because it was not in their best interest.

Mother noted that she is employed by Envoy Air and her income is $1,052

per month. She works five days a week from 10:00 p.m. to 3:00 a.m., but she could

change her work schedule to work from 9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. if T.C. was returned

to her care. She also explained that if T.C. was returned to her care, mother’s friend,

who owns a daycare facility, would watch T.C. while mother worked, and either that

22
Mother stated that she had had five unsupervised visits with the children during the
pendency of this case. On September 24, 2016, she had her last unsupervised with
them.

18
friend would drive T.C. to mother when she was done working or mother would

“take [an] Uber”23 to pick the child up.24 Moreover, although mother has health

insurance through her employer, she acknowledged that “[i]t would be really

expensive” to have her children covered by health insurance.

Mother explained that although she does not own a car, she has stable

housing,25 paying $340 a month in rent pursuant to a discount through a public

housing program. However, in January 2017, the last time that she had renewed her

paperwork for the housing program, she disclose that her children had not been

living with her.26 Mother also, based on her income and “how many children live[d]

in [her] home,” received approximately $150 in governmental assistance in the form

of an “EBT food stamp card.” Previously, in December 2016, she reported that her

EBT food stamp card, which she had not used since September 24, 2016, the date

23
“Uber provides a service whereby individuals in need of vehicular transportation
can log in to the Uber software application on their [cellular telephone], request a
ride, be paired via the Uber application with an available driver, be picked up by the
available driver, and ultimately be driven to their final destination.” O’Connor v.
Uber Techs., Inc., 82 F. Supp. 3d 1133, 1135 (N.D. Cal. 2015); see also UBER,
https://www.uber.com/ (last visited August 30, 2018).
24
Mother did not know the potential cost of daycare.
25
Mother’s home, which is neat and clean, has a gate to block the stairs and safety
plugs for the electrical outlets. She had previously told the children that while there,
they should not open the front door.
26
Mother also did not disclose to the public housing program that her children were
not living with her when she renewed her paperwork in 2015 or 2016. When asked
whether “[s]tating that [her] . . . children [were] living in [her] home since 2014”
was “false information,” mother replied, “Yes, that would be false.”

19
that C.W. was last at her home, had been stolen by C.W. And, at the time of trial,

mother was not receiving “food stamps” because “[i]t’s just [her]” living in her home

and she did not need them. Mother opined that, although she did not have familial

support, she could financially afford to care for her children, having bought them

clothes and paid “[a] little bit” for their medications while they were in DFPS’s

custody. However, she conceded that she had not financially supported T.L.C. while

she had been in the care of her father.

Mother acknowledged that there was an active warrant for her arrest related

to “an old traffic ticket” and she did not have $900 “to pay to get that warrant

removed.”27 Further, she admitted that she suffered from anxiety, but denied using

narcotics.

In regard to the instant case, mother testified that DFPS had become involved

with the children and her in March 2014, after she had taken three or four aspirin

pills while her children were in her home. According to mother, she called for

emergency assistance that day and was taken to a hospital.28 She was “really sad

because [her] grandmother had died,” she had been “having a lot of bad headaches

from” giving birth to T.C., and she had “split [her] stitches.” She was in pain, was

27
See TEX. TRANSP. CODE ANN. § 601.051 (requirement of financial responsibility),
§ 601.191(a) (“A person commits an offense if the person operates a motor vehicle
in violation of [s]ection 601.051.”).
28
Mother also testified that her mother, not she, had called for emergency assistance.

20
on “bedrest,” and felt overwhelmed and depressed. And she did not have any help.

Mother explained that she had not “tr[ied] to kill” herself, but at the hospital, she did

go “to see somebody” in psychiatric services because she had taken the pills. She

also did go to the Mental Health and Mental Retardation Authority (“MHMRA”) of

Harris County after the “pill incident.”

After DFPS became involved with mother and her children, it placed T.C. and

T.L.C. with mother’s sister through “a family base safety plan,”29 and mother

continued to see the children at her sister’s home. Mother noted that her caseworker

had told her that she “could break the placement at any time.” And in December

2014, she took T.C. and T.L.C. back to her home, even though they “were . . . still

in that parental-child-safety” plan. While T.C. and T.L.C. were with mother, she

left T.L.C., who, at the time, was four years old, and T.C., who was eleven months

old, unattended in her apartment at night to go to a store to get medicine for T.L.C.,

who was sick. One or two days before, she had taken T.C. and T.L.C. to see the

doctor, but she could not get medicine for T.L.C. at that time because she “didn’t

have the money.” Mother explained that it had taken her two days to get enough

money to purchase medicine for T.L.C., and she conceded that it was not a good

decision to leave T.C. and T.L.C. at home by themselves.

29
DFPS placed S.C. with her grandmother.

21
 Mother further testified that she had received a FSP, which required her to

participate in parenting classes, see a family therapist, attend individual counseling

and anger management sessions, and “see a psychologist, MHMRA.” Although she

did not receive a “formal letter of release from [the] MHMRA,” she was told in

September 2016 over the telephone that she “no longer had to go to [the] MHMRA.”

Mother also saw a psychologist in 2015, completed parenting classes,30 participated

in family therapy sessions, completed a psycho-social assessment, provided DFPS

with “check stubs” and a copy of her lease, attended all court hearings and

permanency hearings, was compliant with any random narcotics testing, and

maintained contact with her children.

Mother also explained that her family therapist was Jordan, but her sessions

with Jordan had stopped after mother had allowed C.W. to have contact with her

children in September 2016. After Jordan, mother saw another therapist, Terence

Scott, for approximately five individual therapy sessions. However, the last time

that she had attended a therapy session with Scott was about four months prior to

trial because she could no longer afford to pay him. Mother conceded that she did

not receive a “successful completion of therapy certificate from . . . Scott,” and she

did not see another family therapist after Jordan had terminated her family therapy

30
The trial court admitted into evidence a “Certificate of Attendance” related to her
completion of parenting classes.

22
sessions with mother. Further, although she had worked with Jordan on anger

management issues, she did not seek another therapist to address any anger

management concerns, after her therapy sessions with Jordan had terminated.

Mother opined that she had completed her individual therapy requirement with

Jordan, but she had not completed her family therapy requirement. And she

acknowledged that, at one point during the instant case, she was asked to cease

contacting DFPS directly.

In regard to her children, mother testified that to discipline them, she would

put them in a “timeout in the corner” or spank them, and she had never left any marks

or bruises on them. When her children were in her care, she took them to the

museum, the park, and on walks outside. Mother also took them to the doctor, and

they were current with their immunizations. Moreover, during their visits with

mother, the children were happy to see her.

In regard to T.C., mother explained that she was requesting that she be named

her sole managing conservator, C.W. have no contact with T.C., and C.W. be ordered

to pay child support. She was willing and able to care for T.C., but she did not want

C.W.’s parental rights to be terminated because then “he wouldn’t be able to pay

child support.” Mother opined that T.C. wanted to live with her and it was not in

T.C.’s best interest for mother’s parental rights to be terminated. Mother also noted

that T.C. had a speech delay and she would find a speech therapist for T.C. She

23
further planned to read to T.C., “get a line of activities to help her say whole

sentences,” and allow T.C. to start school. However, according to mother, when

T.C. had previously lived with her, the child did not “have a regular schedule.” In

regard to T.C.’s placement while in DFPS’s care, mother noted that T.C. had

previously been placed with her cousin, but the cousin had returned T.C. to DFPS’s

custody because mother “told her . . . [that she] didn’t want her with [T.C.]” And

mother admitted to calling law enforcement officers to T.C.’s foster placement.

In regard to her interactions with T.L.C.’s father, mother testified that she had

previously gone to his home without permission and law enforcement officers had

been called. Further, when she and T.L.C.’s father had lived together in the past,

they “fought,” mother “argued back,” and T.L.C.’s father “hit [her] in front of

[S.C.]” while she was pregnant.31 Although mother called for emergency assistance,

T.L.C.’s father was not arrested. She also expressed that she had difficulty, at the

time of trial, in getting along with T.L.C.’s father, described her relationship with

him as “sour,” and noted that she had been asked to stop communicating with him

directly during the pendency of the instant case.

Cheryl Cohorn, mother’s guardian ad litem, testified that during the pendency

of the instant case, she observed mother with her children, including T.C.,

approximately fifteen to twenty times. Mother appeared to have a good and normal

31
T.L.C.’s father denied being abusive toward mother during his relationship with her.

24
relationship with the children and appropriately played with T.C. and T.L.C. She

always brought something for the children to play with at their visits, such as

“marbles or coloring [tools] or dolls,” and the children responded to mother “as if

she was their mother.” And Cohorn did not observe anything during mother’s visits

with the children that caused her any concern. At the time of trial, mother was still

having visits with her children, and as far as Cohorn was aware, mother had always

arrived timely for those visits.

In regard to mother, Cohorn noted that she had anxiety issues, she had

previously reported having taken an overdose of pills to mental health professionals,

and that overdose was the reason that DFPS had become involved in the case.

During the pendency of the instant case, mother had “episodes” during which she

would frequently call Cohorn, particularly when she was anxious about something.

Cohorn also noted that mother “needed somebody to follow up with what she’s

supposed to be doing.” And at one point during the pendency of the case, mother

was ordered not to contact DFPS.

Cohorn further testified that mother lived in an apartment, where she had been

living for five years and where the children had previously lived. Cohorn described

the apartment as spacious and noted that the “children ha[d] their own spaces in their

own rooms,” a closet, and clothes. There was also a gate at the top of the stairs for

T.C., and “[t]he living area was appropriate.” Mother displayed pictures of the

25
children in the home and their artwork. Cohorn noted that mother rode the bus, and

she opined that mother would be able to “get her children around where they needed

to be” if they were returned to her care.

In regard to C.W., Cohorn testified that mother had had contact with him, a

registered sex offender, the children had had contact with him, and mother’s decision

to allow him around the children was a “terrible” one. Cohorn expressed concern

about mother’s decision to allow C.W. to have contact with the children, especially

considering that the instant case was initiated in December 2014 and she still, in

September 2016, had allowed C.W. to see the children. Cohorn opined that mother

should not see C.W. again, he should not have contact with the children, and there

should be a “no-contact order regarding [C.W.]” When asked if she “ever ha[d]

concerns about [mother]’s continued relationship with [C.W.] after” she had allowed

him to have contact with the children in September 2016, Cohorn responded, “Yes.”

Further, although mother had been allowed to have visits with the children at her

home, those visits had stopped after mother had allowed C.W. to have contact with

her children.

Standard of Review

A parent’s right to “the companionship, care, custody, and management” of

her child is a constitutional interest “far more precious than any property right.”

Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 758–59, 102 S. Ct. 1388, 1397 (1982) (internal

26
quotations omitted). The United States Supreme Court has emphasized that “the

interest of parents in the care, custody, and control of their child[] . . . is perhaps the

oldest of the fundamental liberty interests recognized by th[e] Court.” Troxel v.

Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65, 120 S. Ct. 2054, 2060 (2000). Likewise, the Texas

Supreme Court has concluded that “[t]his natural parental right” is “essential,” “a

basic civil right of man,” and “far more precious than property rights.” Holick v.

Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985) (internal quotations omitted). Consequently,

“[w]e strictly construe involuntary termination statutes in favor of the parent.” In re

E.N.C., 384 S.W.3d 796, 802 (Tex. 2012).

Because termination of parental rights is “complete, final, irrevocable and

divests for all time that natural right . . . , the evidence in support of termination must

be clear and convincing before a court may involuntarily terminate a parent’s rights.”

Holick, 685 S.W.2d at 20. Clear and convincing evidence is “the measure or degree

of proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction

as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 101.007 (Vernon 2014); see also In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 264 (Tex. 2002).

Because the standard of proof is “clear and convincing evidence,” the Texas

Supreme Court has held that the traditional legal and factual standards of review are

inadequate. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 264–68.

27
 In conducting a legal-sufficiency review in a termination-of-parental-rights

case, we must determine whether the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable

to the finding, is such that the fact finder could reasonably have formed a firm belief

or conviction about the truth of the matter on which DFPS bore the burden of proof.

Id. In viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding, we “must

assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a

reasonable factfinder could do so,” and we “should disregard all evidence that a

reasonable factfinder could have disbelieved or found to have been incredible.” In

re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573 (Tex. 2005) (internal quotations omitted). However,

this does not mean that we must disregard all evidence that does not support the

finding. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. Because of the heightened standard, we

must also be mindful of any undisputed evidence contrary to the finding and consider

that evidence in our analysis. Id. If we determine that no reasonable trier of fact

could form a firm belief or conviction that the matter that must be proven is true, we

must hold the evidence to be legally insufficient and render judgment in favor of the

parent. Id.

In conducting a factual-sufficiency review in a parental-rights-termination

case, we must determine whether, considering the entire record, including evidence

both supporting and contradicting the finding, a fact finder reasonably could have

formed a firm conviction or belief about the truth of the matter on which DFPS bore

28
the burden of proof. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 25–26 (Tex. 2002). We should

consider whether the disputed evidence is such that a reasonable fact finder could

not have resolved the disputed evidence in favor of its finding. In re J.F.C., 96

S.W.3d at 266–67. “If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a

reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant

that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then

the evidence is factually insufficient.” In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108 (Tex.

2006) (internal quotations omitted).

Sufficiency of the Evidence

In her first, second, and third issues, mother argues that the trial court erred in

terminating her parental rights to T.C. because the evidence is legally and factually

insufficient to support the trial court’s findings that she knowingly placed, or

knowingly allowed T.C. to remain, in conditions or surroundings which endangered

her physical and emotional well-being; she engaged, or knowingly placed T.C. with

persons who engaged, in conduct that endangered her physical and emotional

well-being; she failed to comply with the provisions of a court order that specifically

established the actions necessary for her to obtain the return of T.C.; and termination

of her parental rights was in the best interest of T.C. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (O), (b)(2) (Vernon Supp. 2017).

29
 In order to terminate the parent-child relationship, DFPS must establish, by

clear and convincing evidence, one or more of the acts or omissions enumerated

under Texas Family Code section 161.001(b)(1) and that termination is in the best

interest of the child. See id. § 161.001(b). Both elements must be established, and

termination may not be based solely on the best interest of the child as determined

by the trier of fact. Id.; Tex. Dep’t of Human Servs. v. Boyd, 727 S.W.2d 531, 533

(Tex. 1987). Notably though, “[o]nly one predicate finding under section

161.001[(b)](1) is necessary to support a judgment of termination when there is also

a finding that termination is in the child’s best interest.” In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355,

362 (Tex. 2003).

Endangering Conduct

In a portion of her first issue, mother argues that the evidence is legally and

factually insufficient to support the trial court’s termination of her parental rights to

T.C. under section 161.001(b)(1)(E) because “[t]he evidence that mother engaged in

a voluntary, deliberate, and conscious course of conduct that en[dangered] [T.C.]’s

physical and emotional well[-]being” consisted only of “(1) the ‘Pill Incident’ in

March 2014; (2) the ‘Medicine Incident’ in December 2014; and[] (3) the ‘C.W.

Incident’ in September 2016” and “these three incidents d[id] not show a continuing

course of endangering conduct that support[ed] the subsection (E) finding.”

30
 A trial court may order termination of the parent-child relationship if it finds

by clear and convincing evidence that the parent has “engaged in conduct or

knowingly placed the child with persons who engaged in conduct which endangers

the physical or emotional well-being of the child.” TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 161.001(b)(1)(E). Within the context of subsection E, endangerment encompasses

“more than a threat of metaphysical injury or the possible ill effects of a

less-than-ideal family environment.” Boyd, 727 S.W.2d at 533. Instead, “endanger”

means to expose a child to loss or injury or to jeopardize her emotional or physical

health. Id. (internal quotations omitted); Walker v. Tex. Dep’t of Family &

Protective Servs., 312 S.W.3d 608, 616–17 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009,

pet. denied) (internal quotations omitted).

It is not necessary to establish that a parent intended to endanger the child in

order to support termination of the parent-child relationship. See In re M.C., 917

S.W.2d 268, 270 (Tex. 1996) (neglect, even in absence of physical abuse, may

endanger child’s physical or emotional well-being). However, termination under

subsection E requires “more than a single act or omission; a voluntary, deliberate,

and conscious course of conduct by the parent is required.” In re J.T.G., 121 S.W.3d

117, 125 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, no pet.); see also In re J.W., 152 S.W.3d

200, 205 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2004, pet. denied). The specific danger to the child’s

well-being may be inferred from parental misconduct standing alone, even if the

31
conduct is not directed at the child and she suffers no actual injury. See Boyd, 727

S.W.2d at 533; In re R.W., 129 S.W.3d 732, 738 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2004, pet.

denied). And courts may consider parental conduct that did not occur in the child’s

presence, including conduct before the child’s birth and after she was removed by

DFPS. In re A.A.M., 464 S.W.3d 421, 426 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2015,

no pet.); Walker, 312 S.W.3d at 617.

DFPS became involved in the instant case when it received a report of

neglectful supervision of T.C. and mother’s other two children, S.C. and T.L.C.

S.C., who was eleven years old at the time, had found mother “unresponsive on the

floor next to her bed.” Also, found next to the bathroom sink, was an aspirin bottle

with forty-nine pills missing. S.C. called for emergency assistance, and mother was

taken to a hospital. During DFPS’s investigation, mother reported that “she was not

trying to commit suicide”; however, she had taken “10-15 pills due to feeling upset.”

She had been feeling upset “for some time,” “got real depressed,” and an argument

with C.W. “triggered her.” Mother’s FSP noted that she had been diagnosed with

32
“[m]ental health issues,”32 and DFPS caseworker Biggers expressed concerns about

mother’s mental health status.33

In her final “Progress Note,” dated September 29, 2016, Jordan, mother’s

therapist, addressed mother’s mental health status, stating:

Anxiety symptoms are present. [Mother]’s anxiety symptoms continue.
The symptoms of this disorder continue unchanged. Anxiety attacks
are reported to be occurring a few times a week. [Mother] continues to
avoid certain situations because they still evoke anxiety. The frequency
of irritability episodes remains the same.

[Mother] exhibits symptoms of borderline personality disorder,
characterized by pervasive instability in moods, behavior, and
interpersonal relationships. She reports [that] her interpersonal
relationships are unstable and intense.

[Mother] exhibits symptoms of dependent personality disorder,
characterized by a long standing need to be taken care of and a fear of
being abandoned or separated from important individuals in her life.
She avoids making decisions and allows others to make her important
decisions. [Mother] fears losing [her] family. [She] describes [an]
intense fear of abandonment and a sense of devastation or helplessness
when relationships end.

And although mother did not express any suicidal ideas or intentions during her final

session in with Jordan, she appeared angry, sad, guarded, minimally communicative,

32
Mother’s FSP also stated that DFPS had received a report of neglectful supervision
of mother’s children. S.C. had found mother unresponsive next to her bed and called
for emergency assistance. Also, found next to the bathroom sink, was an aspirin
bottle with forty-nine pills missing. Mother was transported to a hospital.
33
Cohorn, mother’s guardian ad litem, testified that mother had previously reported
an overdose to mental health professionals and her overdose was the reason that
DFPS became involved in the instant case.

33
anxious, and downcast. Jordan opined that mother’s insight into her problems and

her judgment were poor, and she diagnosed mother with a generalized anxiety

disorder and a “[l]ack of insight into the consequences of [her] behavior.” Jordan

recommended that mother continue individual and family therapy after her therapy

sessions with Jordan ceased. Mother did not follow through with Jordan’s

recommendation.

Mother testified that DFPS had become involved with the children and her in

March 2014, after she had taken three or four aspirin pills while her children were

in her home. According to mother, she called for emergency assistance that day and

was taken to a hospital.34 She was “really sad because [her] grandmother had died,”

she had been “having a lot of bad headaches from” giving birth to T.C., and she had

“split [her] stitches.” She was in pain, was on “bedrest,” and felt overwhelmed and

depressed. And she did not have any help. Mother explained that she had not

“tr[ied] to kill” herself, but at the hospital, she did go “to see somebody” in

psychiatric services because she had taken the pills. She also did go to the MHMRA

of Harris County after the “pill incident.”

A parent’s mental instability and attempt to commit suicide may contribute to

a finding that the parent engaged in a course of conduct that endangered a child’s

physical or emotional well-being. See In re T.G.R.-M., 404 S.W.3d 7, 14, 16 (Tex.

34
Mother also testified that her mother, not she, had called for emergency assistance.

34
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2013, no pet.); Jordan v. Dossey, 325 S.W.3d 700, 723–

26 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. denied); In re J.T.G., 121 S.W.3d

117, 126–27 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003, no pet.); see also In re C.D., 664 S.W.2d

851, 852–54 (Tex. App—Fort Worth 1984, no writ) (“[W]hen a parent’s mental state

allows h[er] to engage in conduct which endangers the physical and emotional

well-being of the child, that conduct has bearing on the advisability of terminating

the parent’s rights.”). This is because conduct that subjects a child to a life of

uncertainty and instability also endangers the child’s physical and emotional

well-being. See In re T.G.R.-M., 404 S.W.3d at 14; In re S.D., 980 S.W.2d 758, 763

(Tex. App.—San Antonio 1998, pet. denied).

We note that although mother denied that she had attempted to commit suicide

in March 2014 when she took the aspirin pills, no matter whether an overdose of

medication was intentional, as a means of committing suicide, or accidental, such an

action can endanger a child’s physical or emotional well-being, especially when it

occurs while the child is in the home with the parent.35 See In re R.M.V., No.

35
To the extent that there are discrepancies in the record as to how many aspirin pills
mother actually took, whether S.C. called for emergency assistance, and whether
mother was found unresponsive in the home by her children, the trial court, as the
fact finder, is the sole judge “of the credibility of the witnesses and the weight to
give their testimony.” See Jordan v. Dossey, 325 S.W.3d 700, 713 (Tex. App.—
Houston [1st Dist.] 2010, pet. denied); see also In re J.P.B., 180 S.W.3d 570, 573
(Tex. 2005) (we may not weigh witness’s credibility because it depends on
appearance and demeanor which are within domain of trier of fact). And the trial
court may choose to believe one witness and disbelieve another. City of Keller v.
Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 819 (Tex. 2005). It is also free to believe or disbelieve the
35
10-11-00298-CV, 2012 WL 4761580, at *12–13 (Tex. App.—Waco Oct. 4, 2012,

pet. denied) (mem. op.); In re E.A.W.S., No. 02-06-00031-CV, 2006 WL 3525367,

at *11, *13 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Dec. 7, 2006, pet. denied) (mem. op.)

(overdosing, even unintentionally, endangered child); see also In re L.L.W., No.

04-15-00221-CV, 2015 WL 4638263, at *4–5 (Tex. App.—San Antonio July 15,

2015, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (sufficient evidence to support termination where

mother overdosed with children in home and “several prescription bottles were

found strewn about the house”); In re K.P., No. 09-13-00404-CV, 2014 WL

4105067, at *9, *13–15 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Aug. 21, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(sufficient evidence to support endangerment finding where mother testified she

overdosed on Benadryl pills while children home and asleep); In re M.E.-M.N., 342

S.W.3d 254, 262–64 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2011, pet. denied) (sufficient evidence

to support endangerment finding where mother overdosed on mixture of antibiotics

and methadone).

Additionally, DFPS received a report that on December 4, 2014, mother left

T.C., who was eleven months old at the time, and T.L.C., who was four years old,

home alone at night while she went to a store. When mother returned home, T.L.C.

was “at the door.” See Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 724 (evidence about parent’s other

testimony of any witness, and it may accept or reject all or part of a witness’s
testimony. In re C.E.S., 400 S.W.3d 187, 195 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2013, no pet.).

36
child relevant). Mother told DFPS that she had “left the children alone to get

medication for [T.L.C.] because she had a really bad cough.” The next day,

however, the DFPS caseworker did not see T.L.C. coughing, and she noticed that

the bottle of medicine purportedly bought by mother the night before was “less than

half full.” Law enforcement officers had to be called to mother’s home that day

because she would not release T.C. into the custody of DFPS.

Further, DFPS investigator Perkins testified that mother admitted “to leaving

[her] 4 year old and 11 month old home alone to go to a . . . store late at night.” And

Perkins opined that by leaving the children home alone, mother “creat[ed] an

immediate danger to the[ir] safety and welfare,” “demonstrate[d] [her] inability to

be protective of [her] children,” and “exhibit[ed] questionable judgment through her

actions.”36

Mother testified that following the “pill incident,” DFPS placed T.C. and

T.L.C. with mother’s sister through “a family base safety plan,” and mother

continued to see the children at her sister’s home. Mother noted that her caseworker

36
Mother’s FSP stated that she had continually left her two young children, T.C. and
T.L.C., “who [were] both very vulnerable,” unsupervised and alone in her home.
While the children were alone, T.L.C. “left the home, and was seen wandering
around the apartment complex looking for her mother.” Further, mother “ha[d]
failed to accept responsibility of being a parent to her children” and “lack[ed] the
ability to apply how to be a better parent.” Mother had limited familial support and
“ha[d] not demonstrated an ability to use her support systems to help ensure that
[her] children [were] safe at all times.” See Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 724 (evidence
about parent’s other child relevant).

37
had told her that she “could break the placement at any time.” And in December

2014, she took T.C. and T.L.C. back to her home, even though they “were . . . still

in that parental-child-safety” plan. While T.C. and T.L.C. were with mother, she

left T.C., who, at the time, was eleven months old, and T.L.C., who was four years

old unattended in her apartment at night to go to a store to get medicine for T.L.C.,

who was sick. One or two days before, she had taken T.C. and T.L.C. to see the

doctor, but she could not get medicine for T.L.C. at that time because she “didn’t

have the money.” Mother explained that it had taken her two days to get enough

money to purchase medicine for T.L.C. See id. (evidence about parent’s other child

relevant). She conceded that it was not a good decision to leave T.C. and T.L.C.

home by themselves.

Parental neglect can be as dangerous to the well-being of a child as direct

physical abuse. See In re M.C., 917 S.W.2d at 270; In re M.D.V., No.

14-04-00463-CV, 2005 WL 2787006, at *6 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Oct.

27, 2005, no pet.) (mem. op.). And a parent’s failure to protect or supervise her

young child endangers the child’s physical or emotional well-being. See In re M.C.,

917 S.W.2d at 269–70; In re A.D.M., No. 01-16-00550-CV, 2016 WL 7368075, at

*8 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 20, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (parent

endangered one-year-old child by leaving her home alone); A.R. v. Tex. Dep’t of

Family & Protective Servs., No. 03-16-00143-CV, 2016 WL 5874874, at *3–5 (Tex.

38
App.—Austin Oct. 4, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“Leaving a[] [child] alone can

constitute endangerment . . . .”); In re M.D.V., 2005 WL 2787006, at *5–6.

Evidence in the record also shows that T.C.’s alleged father, C.W., is a

registered sex offender.37 Mother began dating C.W. in 2012, and she became aware

that he was a registered sex offender in July 2013, while she was pregnant with T.C.

She noted that although she had previously been in a relationship with C.W., it had

ended in 2015. C.W. had been to mother’s home and had previously spent the night

there, although it had been “[a] long time” since that had occurred.

Moreover, on September 24, 2016, while this case was pending, mother told

C.W. that she and the children, including T.C., were going to a Chuck E. Cheese

restaurant during one of mother’s unsupervised visits with the children. Although

she did not invite him, C.W. came to the restaurant for thirty minutes, and during

that time, he held T.C. and hugged her once. C.W. also came to mother’s home that

day, while the children were there for their unsupervised visit. Mother let him into

her home and did not “force him to leave.” He stayed at mother’s home for about

37
The trial court admitted into evidence C.W.’s criminal record, revealing that on
December 1, 2005, he was convicted of the felony offense of sexual performance
by a child and sentenced to confinement for three years. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 43.25(d), (e). In that case, the indictment alleged that C.W., “did then and
there unlawfully, and knowing the character and content of the material,
intentionally and knowingly direct[] a performance including sexual conduct by a
child younger than eighteen years of age, namely photographing the child[’]s female
sexual organ area.” See id. § 43.25(d).

39
thirty minutes, and during that time, he tickled T.L.C. and chased the children around

in a circle “for play.” Mother conceded that she had exercised poor judgment in

allowing C.W. to have contact with the children and it was not in their best interest.

Mother further noted that while T.C. was in DFPS’s care, she had contact with

C.W. through text messages and the telephone. And she had emailed him in January

2017, a month before trial began. Mother also explained that she had seen C.W.

“[a]t the most, five [times]” since September 24, 2016, either at the library or on her

way to the bus. However, she did not discuss anything with C.W. during those times.

And she had not had direct contact with C.W. since September 24, 2016, although

she had “seen him from time to time sometimes, not all the time.” Further, in 2013,

mother wrote T.L.C.’s father a letter, demanding that he “sign over [his] parental

rights” to T.L.C. because C.W. was involved in T.L.C.’s life, loved and adored

mother’s children, and T.L.C. “call[ed] [C.W.] daddy.” And mother stated that C.W.

wanted to adopt T.L.C. See Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 724 (evidence about parent’s

other child relevant). Mother noted that she did not want C.W.’s parental rights to

T.C. to be terminated.

Almost every witness at trial expressed concern about mother’s involvement

with C.W. because “he’s a registered sex offender who’s highly likely to offend

again.” Biggers testified that, prior to September 2016, DFPS had discussed with

mother the fact that C.W. was a registered sex offender, and at that time, mother told

40
DFPS that she did not have a relationship with C.W. Jordan similarly testified that,

during an individual therapy session, she had discussed C.W. with mother and

advised her not to have any relationship with him. Jordan opined that mother’s

decision to bring T.C. and her other two children into contact with C.W. placed them

in danger and mother exercised poor judgment by allowing “her children to be

around . . . . a sex offender.” After she had learned that mother had brought T.C.

and her other children into contact with C.W., Jordan no longer recommended family

reunification for mother and T.C. She further recommended that mother continue

family therapy sessions at the DFPS office “under [the] direct supervision [of] the

staff” until she was capable of making better decisions in regard to the welfare of

her children.

According to T.L.C.’s father, mother “ha[d]n’t proven that she’s responsible

in caring for [her] children,” and he expressed concern that his child, under mother’s

care, had had contact with C.W. He noted that he was concerned about mother’s

judgment because having a child around a registered sex offender is “very

dangerous.” See id. (evidence about parent’s other child relevant).

Cohorn also testified that mother had had contact with C.W. during the

pendency of the instant case, and mother’s decision to allow him around the children

was a “terrible” one. Cohorn opined that mother should not see C.W. again, he

should not have contact with the children, and there should be a “no-contact order

41
regarding [C.W.]” When asked if she “ever ha[d] concerns about [mother]’s

continued relationship with [C.W.] after” she had allowed him to have contact with

the children in September 2016, Cohorn responded, “Yes.” Further, although

mother had been allowed to have visits with the children at her home, those visits

had stopped after mother had allowed C.W. to have contact with her children.

A parent endangers a child by accepting the endangering conduct of other

people. See In re K.K.D.B., No. 14-17-00302-CV, 2017 WL 4440546, at *9 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14 Dist.] Oct. 5, 2017, pet. denied) (mem. op.); see also Jordan,

325 S.W.3d at 721 (“[A] child is endangered when the environment creates a

potential for danger which the parent is aware of but disregards.”). And courts have

held that a parent’s decision to allow her child to have contact with a person

convicted of a sexual offense constitutes endangering conduct by that parent. In re

K.K.D.B., 2017 WL 4440546, at *9; see, e.g., In re C.C., Nos. 07-15-001850-CV,

07-15-00220-CV, 2015 WL 5766513, at *4–5 (Tex. App.—Amarillo Sept. 26, 2015,

no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent’s lifestyle, which included dating registered sex offender

and being in abusive relationships, constituted conscious course of endangering

conduct); Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 722, 724 (parent allowed child to have contact with

other parent, whom she knew was convicted sex offender); In re D.S., No.

11-09-00033-CV, 2009 WL 2470501, at *2, *5 (Tex. App.—Eastland Aug. 13,

2009, no pet.) (mem. op.) (children lived with registered sex offender); see also

42
Green v. Tex. Dep’t of Protective & Regulatory Servs., 25 S.W.3d 213, 221 (Tex.

App.—El Paso 2000, no pet.) (sufficient evidence to support termination of parental

rights where parent allowed child to spend time with convicted child molester).

We further note that there is evidence in the record that mother in the past had

engaged in abusive behavior and been involved in abusive relationships. Mother

testified that her relationship with C.W., with whom she still had contact, was

abusive. And, according to mother, when she and T.L.C.’s father had lived together

in the past, they “fought,” mother “argued back,” and he “hit [her] in front of [S.C.]”

while she was pregnant. Mother also expressed current difficulty in getting along

with T.L.C.’s father. Although he denied being abusive toward mother, he testified

that she was abusive, verbally abusive, and negative toward him. And mother made

derogatory remarks toward him in front of T.L.C. Further, during the pendency of

the instant case, mother had repeatedly cursed at him and obsessively sent him text

messages38 and the trial court ordered her not to contact him directly. See In re C.C.,

2015 WL 5766513, at *4–5 (parent’s lifestyle, which included dating registered sex

offender and being in abusive relationships, constituted conscious course of

38
In her text messages, she “w[ould] become very angry[,] . . . use a lot of swearing
and profanity[,] and [make] derogatory statements toward[] [T.L.C.’s father] and
[his] family.” See Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 724 (evidence about parent’s other child
relevant).

43
endangering conduct); see also Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 724 (evidence about parent’s

other child relevant).

Abusive or violent conduct by a parent or other resident of a child’s home can

produce an environment that endangers a child’s well-being. In re L.E.S., 471

S.W.3d 915, 925 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2015, no pet.); In re J.I.T.P., 99 S.W.3d

841, 845 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2003, no pet.). While direct physical

abuse clearly endangers children, domestic violence, want of self-control, and verbal

abuse may also be considered as evidence of endangerment. In re K.R.G., No.

01-16-00537-CV, 2016 WL 7368082, at *9 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec.

15, 2016, pet. denied) (mem. op.); In re J.I.T.P., 99 S.W.3d at 845; see also D.N. v.

Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., No. 03-15-00658-CV, 2016 WL 1407808,

at *2 (Tex. App.—Austin Apr. 8, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“[D]omestic violence

may constitute endangerment, even if the violence is not directed at the child.”).

There is also evidence in the record of mother’s “erratic” behavior, including

behavior that occurred in front of, and negatively impacted, her children. Biggers

testified that during mother’s visits with T.C. at the DFPS office, she had heard her,

in the presence of her children, yelling at the DFPS caseworker. Because of safety

concerns, security had to be called more than three times while mother was at the

DFPS office. In particular, during one visit, Biggers recalled that mother had T.C.

“on her hip” and was “swinging the baby around,” not “supporting her [neck] like

44
she should have been,” while arguing with a DFPS caseworker. Mother appeared

upset and anxious, and security was called out of concern for the safety of mother’s

children and to protect them. Mother’s visit with the children had to be stopped

because of her behavior, and she was removed from the DFPS office by security.

Biggers opined that mother had put T.C., who was one year old at the time, in danger

“because of the way her behavior was.” Biggers also noted that during another visit

with the children at the DFPS office, mother “called the police on [DFPS],” was

“upset in front of the children,” and unable to “redirect.”

Biggers explained that when mother had engaged in her “erratic” behavior at

the DFPS office, T.C. was present, saw her mother’s behavior, became very upset,

and cried.39 Biggers personally observed mother’s erratic behavior and T.C.’s

negative reaction to it on approximately ten or fifteen occasions. And she noted that

it was not in the children’s best interest to observe mother acting erratically.

Biggers further testified that during the pendency of the instant case, DFPS

requested that mother no longer have direct contact with it because she was very

argumentative, harassed DFPS employees, made “obsessive [telephone] calls,” did

not comply with DFPS’s directives, exhibited erratic behavior during her visits with

her children at the DFPS office, and “called the police on [DFPS].” Mother also sent

Biggers and a DFPS caseworker threatening emails. See In re P.M.B., No.

39
S.C. and T.L.C. were also upset by mother’s “erratic” behavior at the DFPS office.

45
01-17-00621-CV, 2017 WL 6459554, at *10 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec.

19, 2017, pet. filed) (mem. op.) (parent hostile and aggressive throughout case,

including displaying hostility and cursing at DFPS caseworker); In re J.L.M., No.

01-16-00445-CV, 2016 WL 6754779, at *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov.

15, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (sufficient evidence to support endangerment finding

where, during supervised visits with children, parent screamed and cursed at DFPS

supervisor, which visibly upset children, and law enforcement officers called; parent

also threatened and verbally abused therapist and DFPS workers); In re E.W., No.

14-14-00751-CV, 2015 WL 556399, at *6 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Feb.

10, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (considering evidence of parent’s angry behavior with

DFPS caseworkers, screaming arguments with her domestic partner, cursing at court

hearing, and angry outburst after court proceeding, as supporting endangerment

finding).

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s finding,

we conclude that the trial court could have formed a firm belief or conviction that

mother engaged, or knowingly placed T.C. with persons who engaged, in conduct

that endangered her physical and emotional well-being. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 161.001(b)(1)(E). And, viewing the evidence in a neutral light, we conclude that

a reasonable fact finder could have formed a firm belief or conviction that mother

46
engaged, or knowingly placed T.C. with persons who engaged, in conduct that

endangered her physical and emotional well-being. See id.

Accordingly, we hold that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to

support the trial court’s finding that mother engaged, or knowingly placed T.C. with

persons who engaged, in conduct that endangered her physical and emotional

well-being. See id.

We overrule this portion of mother’s first issue.40

Best Interest of Child

In her third issue, mother argues that the evidence is legally and factually

insufficient to support the trial court’s finding that termination of her parental rights

is in the best interest of T.C. because T.C. does not desire “to be permanently severed

from her mother,” there is sparse evidence concerning the current and future

emotional and physical needs of T.C., mother does not pose a current danger to T.C.,

mother “successfully completed all of her FSP services,” mother has a safe and

suitable home, mother is employed, T.C.’s foster placement is not seeking custody,

40
Having held that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to support the trial
court’s finding under section 161.001(b)(1)(E), we need not address the remaining
portion of mother’s first issue or her second issue challenging the trial court’s
findings under Texas Family Code sections 161.001(b)(1)(D) and (O). See In re
A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 363 (Tex. 2003); Walker v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective
Servs., 312 S.W.3d 608, 618 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2009, pet. denied);
see also TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1.

47
and “[t]here [is] no evidence regarding what programs [are] available to promote

[T.C.’s] best interest or to maintain contact with her siblings.”

A strong presumption exists that a child’s best interest is served by

maintaining the parent-child relationship. In re L.M., 104 S.W.3d 642, 647 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2003, no pet.). However, it is also presumed that the

prompt and permanent placement of a child in a safe environment is in the child’s

best interest. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.307(a) (Vernon Supp. 2017); In re

D.S., 333 S.W.3d 379, 383 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2011, no pet.). The best interest

analysis evaluates the best interest of the child, not the parent. See In re D.S., 333

S.W.3d at 384.

In determining whether the termination of mother’s parental rights is in the

best interest of T.C., we may consider several factors, including: (1) the child’s

desires; (2) the current and future physical and emotional needs of the child; (3) the

current and future emotional and physical danger to the child; (4) the parental

abilities of the parties seeking custody; (5) whether programs are available to assist

those parties; (6) plans for the child by the parties seeking custody; (7) the stability

of the proposed placement; (8) the parent’s acts or omissions that may indicate that

the parent-child relationship is not proper; and (9) any excuse for the parent’s acts

or omissions. See Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 371–72 (Tex. 1976); In re

L.M., 104 S.W.3d at 647. The Holley factors are not exhaustive, and there is no

48
requirement that DFPS prove all factors as a condition precedent to the termination

of parental rights. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 27. The same evidence of acts and

omissions used to establish grounds for termination under section 161.001(b)(1) may

also be relevant to determining the best interest of the child. See id. at 28; In re L.M.,

104 S.W.3d at 647. The trial court is given wide latitude in determining the best

interest of a minor child. Gillespie v. Gillespie, 644 S.W.2d 449, 451 (Tex. 1982);

see also Cuellar v. Flores, 238 S.W.2d 991, 992 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 1951, no

writ) (trial court “faces the parties and the witnesses, observes their demeanor and

personality, and feels the forces, powers, and influences that cannot be discerned by

merely reading the record”).

In regard to T.C.’s desires, she, at the time of trial, was three years old. See

In re A.C., 394 S.W.3d 633, 643 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2012, no pet.)

(generally “[t]he young age of [a] child render[s] consideration of the child’s desires

neutral”); In re M.H., 319 S.W.3d 137, 150 & n.9 (Tex. App.—Waco 2010, no pet.)

(children ages five, seven, and nine did not possess sufficient maturity to express

opinion regarding parental preference). DFPS, pursuant to “a family base safety

plan,” initially removed T.C. from mother’s home in March 2014, when she was two

months old, after mother took aspirin pills, was found unresponsive in her home by

S.C., and taken to the hospital. At that time, T.C. went to live with mother’s sister.

Subsequently, mother “br[oke] th[at] placement” and took T.C. back to her home,

49
although she was still under a “parental-child-safety” plan. DFPS subsequently

removed T.C. from mother’s care in December 2014, when she was eleven months

old, after mother had left her and T.L.C., who was four years old at the time, home

alone. See In re A.D.M., 2016 WL 7368075, at *5 (noting vulnerability of young

children removed from parents’ care at two years old and six months old).

Jordan, mother’s therapist, who had attended two family therapy sessions with

mother and the children, testified that T.C. was bonded with mother, all of the

children appeared to love mother, and they knew that mother was in fact their

mother. See In re M.H., 319 S.W.3d at 150 (evidence children loved, enjoyed visits

with, and showed affection toward parent “[was] at best marginally relevant” to

children’s desires). During a family therapy session that Jordan observed, mother

and the children “appeared guarded, minimally communicative, and happy.” And

DFPS casework Biggers testified that she had observed T.C. become upset and cry

whenever mother acted erratically during her visits with the children. However,

mother testified that T.C. wanted to live with her and her children appeared happy

to see her during their visits. See id.

Although “[a] child’s love for her natural parent is an important consideration

in the best interest determination,” “[e]ven where a child is attached to a

parent, . . . [a] child’s desire to be returned to the parent [is] not . . . dispositive of

the best interest analysis,” especially “if the parent has engaged in conduct

50
dangerous to the child’s well-being.” In re D.R.L., No. 01-15-00733-CV, 2016 WL

672664, at *5 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 18, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.)

(alterations in original) (internal quotations omitted); see also In re N.T., 474 S.W.3d

465, 478–79 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2015, no pet.) (fact finder could reasonably form

firm belief or conviction regarding termination in child’s best interest, despite child’s

“expressed desire to live primarily with” parent); In re M.S.L., No. 14-14-00382-CV,

2014 WL 5148157, at *9 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] Oct. 14, 2014, no pet.)

(mem. op.).

In regard to T.C.’s current and future physical and emotional needs, she, at

the time of trial, was three years old and had a speech delay. See In re X.R.L., 461

S.W.3d 633, 640 (Tex. App.—Texarkana 2015, no pet.) (emotional and physical

needs of young children now and in future are great due to their age); In re N.B., No.

06-12-00007-CV, 2012 WL 1605457, at *12 (Tex. App.—Texarkana May 8, 2012,

no pet.) (mem. op.) (young children have “considerable emotional and physical

needs that must be met now and in the future”); see also In re J.N.G., No.

04-17-00668-CV, 2018 WL 1511831, at *3–4 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Mar. 28,

2018, no pet.) (mem. op.) (considering children’s young age and vulnerabilities

when determining best interest). And Jordan opined that T.C. needed a safe and

stable environment.

51
 There is evidence in the record that mother’s current home, where she had

lived for five years,41 was safe, clean, and furnished, and had enough space for T.C.42

However, mother also testified that she had not financially supported T.L.C. while

she had been in the care of her father, she currently works from 10:00 p.m. to

3:00 a.m., and she did not know how much daycare would cost should T.C. be

returned to her care. See Jordan, 325 S.W.3d at 724 (evidence about parent’s other

child relevant). Mother also noted that “[i]t would be really expensive” to have her

children covered by health insurance, T.C. did not “have a regular schedule” when

she had lived with mother in the past, and mother lacked familial support.

The record also reveals that mother left T.C., who was eleven months old at

the time, and T.L.C., who was four years old, home alone at night while she went to

41
Mother testified that she pays $340 a month in rent pursuant to a discount through
a public housing program. However, in January 2017, the last time that she had
renewed her paperwork for the housing program, she did not disclose that her
children had not been living with her. Mother also did not disclose to the public
housing program that her children were not living with her when she renewed her
paperwork in 2015 or 2016. When asked whether “[s]tating that [her] . . . children
[were] living in [her] home since 2014” was “false information,” mother replied,
“Yes, that would be false.” See In re S.K., 198 S.W.3d 899, 908 (Tex. App.—Dallas
2006, pet. denied) (considering fact parents lied about housing arrangement when
determining stability of home).
42
Mother opined that she could financially afford to care for her children, having
bought them clothes and paid “[a] little bit” for their medications while they were
in DFPS’s custody. Mother also testified that, when the children were in her care,
she took them to the doctor and they were current on their immunizations

52
a store. When mother returned home, T.L.C. was “at the door.”43 Mother instructed

T.L.C. not to “tell anyone that she [had] left [the home]” and confided in C.W. that

she “need[ed] to figure out how to tell [T.L.C.] how not to tell anyone about what

[went] on in [her] home.”44 See id. (evidence about parent’s other child relevant).

DFPS investigator Perkins opined that by leaving T.C. and T.L.C. home alone,

mother “creat[ed] an immediate danger to the[ir] safety and welfare,”

“demonstrate[d] [her] inability to be protective of [her] children,” and “exhibit[ed]

questionable judgment through her actions.” See In re M.C., 917 S.W.2d at 269–70

(parent’s failure to protect or supervise her young child endangers child’s physical

or emotional well-being); In re A.D.N., No. 01-16-00785-CV, 2017 WL 491286, at

*2, *9 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Feb. 7, 2017, pet. denied) (mem. op.)

(considering parent’s decision, which resulted in four-year-old child and

43
Mother’s FSP stated that she had continually left her two young children, T.C. and
T.L.C., “who [were] both very vulnerable,” unsupervised and alone in her home.
While the children were alone, T.L.C. “left the home, and was seen wandering
around the apartment complex looking for her mother.” Further, mother “ha[d]
failed to accept responsibility of being a parent to her children” and “lack[ed] the
ability to apply how to be a better parent.” Mother had limited familial support and
“ha[d] not demonstrated an ability to use her support systems to help ensure that
[her] children [were] safe at all times.”
44
Mother testified that she went to a store because she needed medicine for T.L.C.
And it had taken her two days to get enough money to purchase medicine for T.L.C.
See generally In re A.C.D., No. 05-16-00779-CV, 2016 WL 6835725, at *10 (Tex.
App.—Dallas Nov. 3, 2016, no pet.) (mem. op.) (considering parent’s medication
decisions related to child in determining best interest); see also Jordan, 325 S.W.3d
at 724 (evidence about parent’s other child relevant).

53
nine-month-old child being left alone, in determining physical and emotional needs

and danger now and in future); In re A.D.M., 2016 WL 7368075, at *8 (parent

endangered one-year-old child by leaving her home alone); In re J.W.H., No.

09-03-401CV, 2004 WL 584611, at *2–3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Mar. 25, 2004, no

pet.) (mem. op.) (leaving child home alone not in best interest of child); see also In

re J.N.G., 2018 WL 1511831, at *4 (parent’s past behavior showed poor judgment

regarding his children).

Further, the record reveals evidence that mother had engaged in abusive

relationships in the past and, per mother’s testimony, there had been domestic

violence in her home. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.307(b)(7), (11), (12)(D),

(12)(E) (considering history of abusive or assaultive conduct by child’s family,

willingness and ability of child’s family to effect positive environmental and

personal changes, ability to provide safe physical home environment, and ability to

protect child from repeated exposure to violence); Nelson v. Nelson,

01-13-00816-CV, 2015 WL 1122918, at *4 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar.

12, 2015, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (trial court appropriately considered parent’s

ability to provide safe, stable, and nonviolent environment for children in

determining best interest).

Mother engaged in a relationship with C.W., a registered sex offender, before

DFPS’s involvement with the children in the instant case and after it had removed

54
T.C. from her care. See In re O.R.W., No. 09-15-00079-CV, 2015 WL 4760159, at

*4 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Aug. 13, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent’s decision to

expose child to “accused sex offender indicated an inability to meet [child’s]

emotional and physical needs and to protect her from certain dangers”). According

to mother, she began dating C.W. in 2012, became aware that he was a registered

sex offender in July 2013, while she was pregnant with T.C., and continued her

relationship with him until 2015. C.W. had been to mother’s home and had

previously spent the night there, although it had been “[a] long time” since that had

occurred. She last saw C.W. on September 24, 2016; however, while the instant

case was pending, she had contact with him through text messages and the

telephone.45 And mother noted that she had emailed C.W. in January 2017, a month

before trial began. Mother also testified that she did not want C.W.’s parental rights

to be terminated.

Moreover, on September 24, 2016, while this case was pending, mother told

C.W. that she and the children, including T.C., were going to a Chuck E. Cheese

restaurant during one of mother’s unsupervised visits with the children. Although

she did not invite him, C.W. came to the restaurant for thirty minutes, and during

45
Mother explained that she had seen C.W. “[a]t the most, five [times]” since
September 24, 2016, either at the library or on her way to the bus. However, she
did not discuss anything with C.W. during those times. And she had not had direct
contact with C.W. since September 24, 2016, although she had “seen him from time
to time sometimes, not all the time.”

55
that time, he held T.C. and hugged her once. C.W. also came to mother’s home that

day, while the children were there for their unsupervised visit. Mother let him into

her home and did not “force him to leave.” He stayed at mother’s home for about

thirty minutes, and during that time, C.W. tickled T.L.C. and chased the children

around in a circle “for play.” Mother conceded that she had exercised poor judgment

in allowing C.W. to have contact with the children and it was not in their best

interest.46 See In re J.M., No. 01-14-00826-CV, 2015 WL 1020316, at *7 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Mar. 5, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (“[A] parent’s exercise

of poor judgment currently and in the past demonstrates an inability to provide

adequate care for the child.”); see also In re J.N.G., 2018 WL 1511831, at *4

(parent’s past behavior showed poor judgment regarding his children).

Almost every witness at trial expressed concern about mother’s involvement

with C.W. because “he’s a registered sex offender who’s highly likely to offend

again.”47 Jordan opined that mother’s decision to bring T.C. and her other two

46
Mother also testified that C.W. had stolen her “EBT food stamp card” from her
home.
47
The trial court admitted into evidence C.W.’s criminal record, revealing that on
December 1, 2005, he was convicted of the felony offense of sexual performance
by a child and sentenced to confinement for three years. See TEX. PENAL CODE
ANN. § 43.25(d), (e). In that case, the indictment alleged that C.W., “did then and
there unlawfully, and knowing the character and content of the material,
intentionally and knowingly direct[] a performance including sexual conduct by a
child younger than eighteen years of age, namely photographing the child[’]s female
sexual organ area.” See id. § 43.25(d).

56
children into contact with C.W. placed them in danger. And both Biggers and Jordan

testified that they had discussed with mother, prior to September 2016, the fact that

C.W. was a registered sex offender and advised her against having her children

around him.

A parent who lacks the ability to provide a child with a safe and stable home

is unable to provide for a child’s emotional and physical needs. In re G.M.G., 444

S.W.3d 46, 60 (Tex. App.—Houston [14 Dist.] 2014, no pet.); see also TEX. FAM.

CODE ANN. § 263.307(a), (b)(12)(D) (child’s need for prompt and permanent

placement in safe environment paramount and considering ability to provide safe

physical home environment for child); In re B.J., No. 01-15-00886-CV, 2016 WL

1389054, at *10–11 (Tex. App.–Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 7, 2016, no pet.) (mem.

op.) (parent, who did not demonstrate she could provide safe and stable home, unable

to meet children’s needs); In re K.C., 219 S.W.3d 924, 931 (Tex. App.—Dallas

2007, no pet.) (child’s need for stable, permanent home paramount consideration in

best interest determination); Adams v. Tex. Dep’t of Family & Protective Servs., 236

S.W.3d 271, 280 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2007, no pet.) (parent’s history of

failing to provide children with “stable and nurturing environment” demonstrates

termination of parental rights in best interest of children).

In regard to the current and future emotional and physical danger to T.C., the

record reflects that on March 9, 2014, DFPS received a report of neglectful

57
supervision of T.C. and mother’s other two children, S.C. and T.L.C. S.C., who was

eleven years old at the time, had found mother “unresponsive on the floor next to

her bed.” Also, found next to the bathroom sink, was an aspirin bottle with

forty-nine pills missing. S.C. called for emergency assistance, and mother was taken

to a hospital. Mother told DFPS that “she was not trying to commit suicide,” but

she had taken “10-15 pills due to feeling really upset.” She had been feeling upset

“for some time,” “got real depressed,” and an argument with C.W. “triggered her.”

Because mother was “unable to provide adequate care for” the children, T.C. and

her sister, T.L.C., were placed with mother’s sister to “ensure [their] safety.”

Cohorn also testified that mother had reported having taken an overdose of

pills to mental health professionals, and the overdose was the reason that DFPS had

become involved in the instant case.

Mother testified that she had taken three or four aspirin pills while her children

were in her home, called for emergency assistance, and went to a hospital.48 She

was “really sad because [her] grandmother had died,” she had been “having a lot of

bad headaches from” giving birth to T.C., and she had “split [her] stitches.” She was

in pain, was on “bedrest,” and felt overwhelmed and depressed. And she did not

have any help. Mother explained that she had not “tr[ied] to kill” herself, but at the

hospital, she did go “to see somebody” in psychiatric services because she had taken

48
Mother also testified that her mother had called for emergency assistance, not her.

58
the pills. She also did go to the MHMRA of Harris County after the “pill incident.”

See In re J.M., 2015 WL 1020316, at *7; In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d 74, 82 (Tex. App.—

Waco 2012, pet. denied) (“Evidence of past misconduct or neglect can be used to

measure a parent’s future conduct.”); see also J.S. v. Tex. Dep’t Family & Protective

Servs., 511 S.W.3d 145, 162 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2014, no pet.) (parent’s suicide

attempts presented “clear emotional danger” to children); In re N.B., 2012 WL

1605457, at *12 (sufficient evidence to support best-interest finding where parent

“discussed suicide” and “appeared to be in emotional danger”); In re E.A.W.S., 2006

WL 3525367, at *13 (overdosing, even unintentionally, creates emotional and

physical danger to child now and in future).

Mother’s FSP also noted that she had been diagnosed with “[m]ental health

issues,” and DFPS caseworker Biggers expressed concerns about mother’s mental

health status. Moreover, Jordan, mother’s therapist, addressed mother’s mental

health status in her final “Progress Note,” stating:

Anxiety symptoms are present. [Mother]’s anxiety symptoms continue.
The symptoms of this disorder continue unchanged. Anxiety attacks
are reported to be occurring a few times a week. [Mother] continues to
avoid certain situations because they still evoke anxiety. The frequency
of irritability episodes remains the same.

[Mother] exhibits symptoms of borderline personality disorder,
characterized by pervasive instability in moods, behavior, and
interpersonal relationships. She reports [that] her interpersonal
relationships are unstable and intense.

59
 [Mother] exhibits symptoms of dependent personality disorder,
characterized by a long standing need to be taken care of and a fear of
being abandoned or separated from important individuals in her life.
She avoids making decisions and allows others to make her important
decisions. [Mother] fears losing [her] family. [She] describes [an]
intense fear of abandonment and a sense of devastation or helplessness
when relationships end.

Mother did not express any suicidal ideas or intentions during her final

session, in September 2016, with Jordan. However, she appeared angry, sad,

guarded, minimally communicative, anxious, and downcast. And Jordan opined that

mother’s insight into her problems and her judgment appeared poor. Jordan

diagnosed mother with a generalized anxiety disorder and a “[l]ack of insight into

the consequences of [her] behavior.” Jordan recommended that mother continue

individual and family therapy after her therapy sessions with Jordan ceased;

however, mother did not follow through with Jordan’s recommendation. See In re

S.A.G., No. 2-09-125-CV, 2010 WL 1006301, at *9 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Mar.

18, 2010, no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent’s thoughts of suicide, depression, and memory

problems hindered her ability to care for children’s needs and posed emotional and

physical danger to children now and in future); In re J.I.T.P., 99 S.W.3d at 845

(“[T]he trial court could have considered [parent’s] mental state as endangering [the

child’s] well-being.”); In re C.D., 664 S.W.2d at 853 (“While mental incompetence

or mental illness alone are not grounds for termination of the parent-child

relationship, when a parent’s mental state allows h[er] to engage in conduct which

60
endangers the physical or emotional well-being of the child, that conduct has bearing

on the advisability of terminating the parent’s rights.”).

Further, as previously noted, mother had left T.C., who was eleven months

old at the time, and T.L.C., who was four years old, home alone at night while she

went to a store. And when mother returned home, T.L.C. was “at the door.”49 See

In re M.C., 917 S.W.2d at 269–70 (parent’s failure to protect or supervise her young

child endangered child’s physical or emotional well-being); In re A.D.N., 2017 WL

491286, at *2, *9 (considering parent’s decision, which resulted in four-year-old

child and nine-month-old child being left alone, in determining physical and

emotional needs and danger now and in future); In re A.D.M., 2016 WL 7368075, at

*8 (parent endangered one-year-old child by leaving her home alone); A.R., 2016

WL 5874874, at *3–5 (“Leaving a[] [child] alone can constitute

endangerment . . . .”); In re J.W.H., 2004 WL 584611, at *2–3 (leaving child home

alone not in best interest of child); see also In re J.N.G., 2018 WL 1511831, at *4

(parent’s past behavior showed poor judgment regarding his children).

Mother had also engaged in abusive relationships in the past and, per mother’s

testimony, there had been domestic violence in her home. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 263.307(b)(7), (11), (12)(D), (12)(E) (considering history of abusive or assaultive

49
Mother’s FSP also stated that she had continually left T.C. and T.L.C. unsupervised
and alone in her home. While the children were alone, T.L.C. “left the home, and
was seen wandering around the apartment complex looking for her mother.”

61
conduct by child’s family, willingness and ability of child’s family to effect positive

environmental and personal changes, ability to provide safe physical home

environment, and ability to protect child from repeated exposure to violence); In re

J.S.-A., No. 01-17-00491-CV, 2018 WL 891236, at *8 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st

Dist.] Feb. 15, 2018, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (“Evidence of domestic

violence . . . supports a finding that placement with parent is likely to subject the

child to emotional and physical danger now and in the future.”); Nelson, 2015 WL

1122918, at *4 (trial court appropriately considered parent’s ability to provide safe,

stable, and nonviolent environment for children in determining best interest); In re

J.I.T.P., 99 S.W.3d at 846 (exposure to domestic violence, even when child not

intended victim, supports finding termination in child’s best interest).

Moreover, before DFPS’s involvement in the instant case, and during its

pendency, mother engaged in a relationship with C.W., a registered sex offender,

and brought her children, including T.C., in contact with him, after mother had been

advised to not do so. See In re K.K.D.B., 2017 WL 4440546, at *9 (parent endangers

a child by accepting endangering conduct of other people, and decision to allow child

to have contact with person convicted of sexual offense constitutes endangering

conduct); In re O.R.W., 2015 WL 4760159, at *4 (parent’s decision to expose child

to “accused sex offender indicated an inability to meet [child’s] emotional and

physical needs and to protect her from certain dangers”); see also In re A.T., No.

62
02-17-00230-CV, 2017 WL 4819414, at *8 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Oct. 26, 2017,

no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent’s relationship with registered sex offender constituted

“emotional and physical danger to [child] now and in the future”); In re C.C., 2015

WL 5766513, at *4–5 (parent’s lifestyle, which included dating registered sex

offender and being in abusive relationships, constituted conscious course of

endangering conduct). Mother conceded that she had exercised poor judgment in

allowing C.W. to have contact with her children and it was not in their best interest

to have done so.50 See In re J.M., 2015 WL 1020316, at *7 (“[A] parent’s exercise

of poor judgment currently and in the past demonstrates an inability to provide

adequate care for the child.”); see also In re J.N.G., 2018 WL 1511831, at *4

(parent’s past behavior showed poor judgment regarding his children).

In regard to mother’s parental abilities, Jordan testified that on September 26,

2016, she attended a family therapy session at mother’s home. During the session,

mother was cooperative, and Jordan worked with her on “a discipline chart, behavior

modification, [and] how to deal with disciplining” her children. She also continued

to work with mother on her issues related to anxiety, depression, anger management,

parenting, and boundaries. According to Jordan, mother, T.C., and the other two

50
Mother also testified that C.W. had stolen her “EBT food stamp card” from her
home.

63
children appeared to interact as a family, the children appeared to love their mother,

and they knew that mother was their mother.

In regard to her children, mother testified that to discipline them, she would

put them in a “timeout in the corner” or spank them, and she had never left any marks

or bruises on them. While in her care, mother took the children to the museum, the

park, and on walks outside. Mother also took the children to the doctor, and they

were current with their immunizations.

Cohorn testified that, during the pendency of the instant case, she observed

mother with her children, including T.C., approximately fifteen to twenty times.

Mother appeared to have a good and normal relationship with her children and

appropriately played with T.C. and T.L.C. She always brought something for the

children to play with at their visits, such as “marbles or coloring [tools] or dolls.”

And Cohorn did not observe anything during mother’s visits with the children that

caused her any concern.

However, as noted above, there is also evidence in the record that mother

overdosed on aspirin pills while the children were in her home, she was “unable to

provide adequate care for” the children, and she left her two young children home

alone while she went to a store. Mother also instructed T.L.C. not to “tell anyone

that she [had] left [the home]” and confided in C.W. that she “need[ed] to figure out

how to tell [T.L.C.] how not to tell anyone about what [went] on in [her] home.” See

64
In re A.R.M., No. 05-17-00539-CV, 2018 WL 1559820, at *11 (Tex. App.—Dallas

Mar. 30, 2018, no pet.) (mem. op.) (in determining best interest, noting parent

coached child to lie); In re A.R.M., No. 04-15-00314-CV, 2015 WL 6735284, at *5

(Tex. App.—San Antonio Nov. 4, 2015, no pet.) (mem. op.) (evidence sufficient to

support best-interest finding where parent instructed children to lie to caseworkers).

Further, mother allowed her children, including T.C., during the pendency of

this case, to be in contact with C.W., a registered sex offender. Jordan opined that

mother’s decision to allow her children around a registered sex offender weighed

against her parental abilities, especially because mother was aware at the time that

she was not allowed to have the children around him. And Perkins opined that by

leaving the children home alone, mother “creat[ed] an immediate danger to the[ir]

safety and welfare,” “demonstrate[d] [her] inability to be protective of [her]

children,” and “exhibit[ed] questionable judgment through her actions.” And

mother’s FSP noted that she had limited familial support and “ha[d] not

demonstrated an ability to use her support systems to help ensure that [her] children

[were] safe at all times.”

The record also reveals that mother had repeatedly acted erratically in front of

her children, including T.C., during the pendency of the instant case. Biggers

testified that, during mother’s visits with T.C. at the DFPS office, she had heard her,

in the presence of the children, yelling at the DFPS caseworker, and mother appeared

65
anxious and very upset. Because of safety concerns, security had to be called more

than three times while mother was at the DFPS office.

In particular, during one visit, Biggers recalled that mother had T.C. “on her

hip” and was “swinging the baby around,” not “supporting her [neck] like she should

have been,” while arguing with a DFPS caseworker. Security was then called out of

concern for the safety of mother’s children and to protect them. Mother’s visit with

the children had to be stopped because of her behavior, and she was removed from

the DFPS office by security. Biggers opined that it was not in the children’s best

interest to observe “their mother being removed by a security officer from their

visit.” Biggers also noted that during another visit with the children, mother “called

the police on [DFPS],” was “upset in front of the children,” and was unable to

“redirect.” See In re P.M.B., 2017 WL 6459554, at *13 (parent’s aggressive and

hostile behavior throughout case supported best-interest finding); In re J.L.M., 2016

WL 6754779, at *10 (in determining parental ability, considering evidence parent,

during supervised visits with children, screamed and cursed at DFPS supervisor,

which visibly upset children, and law enforcement officers called; parent also

threatened and verbally abused therapist and DFPS workers).

Biggers explained that when mother had engaged in her “erratic” behavior at

the DFPS office, T.C. was present, saw her mother’s behavior, became very upset,

and cried. Biggers personally observed mother’s erratic behavior and T.C.’s

66
negative reaction to it on approximately ten or fifteen occasions. And it was not in

the children’s best interest to observe their mother acting erratically. 51 See In re

N.G.G., No. 05-16-01084-CV, 2017 WL 655953, at *7 (Tex. App.—Dallas Feb. 17,

2017, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (parent’s erratic behavior reflected poor parental

abilities); In re A.T., No. 04-15-00121-CV, 2015 WL 4638240, at *4 (Tex. App.—

San Antonio Aug. 5, 2015, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (considering parent’s erratic

behavior and harassing and threatening conduct in determining best interest).

Mother testified that after her individual and family therapy sessions with

Jordan ceased in September 2016, she saw only one other therapist, Scott,

approximately five times for individual therapy. She had last attended a therapy

session with Scott about four months before trial because she could no longer afford

to pay him. Mother conceded that she did not receive a “successful completion of

therapy certificate from . . . Scott,” and she did not see another family therapist after

51
Biggers further testified that during the pendency of the instant case, DFPS
requested that mother no longer have direct contact with it because she was very
argumentative, harassed DFPS employees, made “obsessive [telephone] calls,” did
not comply with DFPS’s directives, exhibited erratic behavior during her visits with
her children at the DFPS office, and “called the police on [DFPS].” Mother also
sent Biggers and a DFPS caseworker threatening emails. See In re P.M.B., No.
01-17-00621-CV, 2017 WL 6459554, at *13 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec.
19, 2017, pet. filed) (mem. op.) (parent’s aggressive and hostile behavior throughout
case supported best-interest finding); In re J.L.M., No. 01-16-00445-CV, 2016 WL
6754779, at *10 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 15, 2016, no pet.) (mem.
op.) (in determining parental ability considering evidence parent, during supervised
visits with children, screamed and cursed at DFPS supervisor, which visibly upset
children, and law enforcement officers called; parent also threatened and verbally
abused therapist and DFPS workers).

67
Jordan had terminated her family therapy sessions with mother. Further, although

she had worked with Jordan on anger management issues, she did not seek another

therapist to continue to address any anger management concerns after her therapy

sessions with Jordan ceased.

In regard to the programs available to assist mother, the record reveals that

although DFPS had many programs available to assist her, mother did not complete

her FSP, particularly her individual and family therapy requirements, and she failed

to seek out additional therapists after Jordan had terminated her sessions with

mother. See In re J.-M.A.Y., Nos. 01-15-00469-CV, 01-15-00589-CV, 2015 WL

6755595, at *7 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 5, 2015, pet. denied) (mem.

op.); see also TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.307(b)(11) (considering parent’s

willingness and ability to effect environmental and personal changes within

reasonable period of time); In re Z.B., No. 02-14-00175-CV, 2014 WL 5409103, at

*9 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth Oct. 23, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent did not take

advantage of DFPS services offered to her); Gammill v. Tex. Dep’t of Family &

Protective Servs., No. 03-08-00140-CV, 2009 WL 1423975, at *8 (Tex. App.—

Austin May 22, 2009, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (parent’s sporadic therapy attendance

cast doubt on whether she would meaningfully avail herself of programs available

to assist her). A fact finder may infer from a parent’s failure to take the initiative to

complete the services required to regain possession of her child that she does not

68
have the ability to motivate herself to seek out available resources needed now or in

the future. See In re A.L.W., No. 01-14-00805-CV, 2015 WL 4262754, at *12 (Tex.

App.—Houston [1st Dist.] July 14, 2015) (mem. op.); In re J.M., 2015 WL 1020316,

at *7; see also TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.307(b)(11).

In regard to the stability of the proposed placement and the plans for T.C.,

Biggers testified that at the time of trial T.C. was in a non-relative foster placement,

and DFPS’s goal for her was an unrelated adoption. Although T.C. had been

previously placed with one of mother’s relatives, she was subsequently removed

from the placement, not at the request of DFPS, but because mother was

uncooperative. Notably, since T.C. was removed from mother’s care, mother has

engaged in behavior that has been continuously disruptive to T.C.’s placements.52

Jordan opined that mother’s children, including T.C., needed a safe and stable

environment. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 263.307(a) (“[T]he prompt and

permanent placement of the child in a safe environment is presumed to be in the

child’s best interest.”); In re J.D., 436 S.W.3d 105, 120 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th

Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (“Stability and permanence are paramount in the upbringing of

52
Mother testified that she “br[oke] the placement” when T.C. was living with
mother’s sister. And when T.C. was placed with mother’s cousin, mother “told
her . . . [that she] didn’t want her with [T.C.],” causing the cousin to return T.C. to
DFPS’s custody. Mother further admitted to calling law enforcement officers to
T.C.’s foster placement.

69
children.”); In re K.C., 219 S.W.3d at 931 (child’s need for stable, permanent home

paramount consideration in best interest determination).

Although T.C.’s current placement is not a permanent or long-term placement,

Biggers testified that during the pendency of the instant case, DFPS requested that

T.C. be moved to a more permanent placement; a request that the trial court denied

because of the nearness to trial. Biggers, however, opined that the potential

permanent placement for T.C., which was with her doctor, was still an option for her

at the time of trial. And the fact that T.C. is not currently in a long-term or permanent

placement is not a dispositive fact. See In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d at 28.

Further, in regard to the potential placement of T.C. back into mother’s home,

we note that there is evidence in the record that her current home, where she had

lived for five years, was safe, clean, and furnished, and had enough space for T.C.53

However, the record also reveals that mother provided false information to the public

housing program through which she receives a discount on her rent; left T.C., who

was eleven months old at the time, and T.L.C., who was four years old, alone in her

53
Mother opined that she could financially afford to care for her children, having
bought them clothes and paid “[a] little bit” for their medication while they were in
DFPS’s custody. Mother also took the children to the doctor when they were in her
care, and they were current on their immunizations. See In re J.D., 436 S.W.3d 105,
120 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, no pet.) (“The trial court
may . . . discount[] the [parent’s] testimony about her plans for the [c]hild and
determined they were unrealistic . . . .”); In re A.M., 385 S.W.3d 74, 83 (Tex.
App.—Waco 2012, pet. denied) (fact finder “was free to reject [parent’s] assertions
of future stability”).

70
home at night while she went to a store; engaged in an abusive relationship in the

past; allowed domestic violence to occur in her home; and before DFPS’s

involvement, and during the pendency of this case, engaged in a relationship with

C.W., a registered sex offender who had previously stayed at mother’s home and

had been there while T.C. was present. Perkins opined that mother, in the past, had

“creat[ed] an immediate danger to [her children’s] safety and welfare,”

“demonstrate[d] [her] inability to be protective of [her] children,” and “exhibit[ed]

questionable judgment through her actions.” See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN.

§ 263.307(a), (b)(7), (11), (12)(D), (12)(E) (child’s need for prompt and permanent

placement in safe environment paramount and considering history of abusive or

assaultive conduct by child’s family, willingness and ability of child’s family to

effect positive environmental and personal changes, ability to provide safe physical

home environment, and ability to protect child from repeated exposure to violence);

In re B.J., 2016 WL 1389054, at *10–14 (parent did not demonstrate she could

provide safe and stable home); In re K.C., 219 S.W.3d at 931 (child’s need for stable,

permanent home paramount consideration in best interest determination); Adams,

236 S.W.3d at 280 (parent’s history of failing to provide children with “stable and

nurturing environment” demonstrates termination of parental rights in best interest

of children); see also In re A.T., 2017 WL 4819414, at *8 (parent in relationship with

registered sex offender unable to provide stable home); In re S.K., 198 S.W.3d 899,

71
908 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, pet. denied) (considering fact parents had lied about

housing arrangement when determining stability of home).

Further, mother testified that she currently works from 10:00 p.m. to

3:00 a.m., she did not know how much daycare would cost for T.C. should she be

returned to her care, and “[it] would be really expensive” to have her children

covered by health insurance. Mother also lacked familial support, and on at least

one occasion, she had to wait two days to buy T.L.C. medicine because she “didn’t

have the money.” See In re J.D., 436 S.W.3d a 119–20 (considering parent’s lack

of support system, inability to provide adequate care for children, lack of income,

and poor judgment).

In regard to acts or omissions that may indicate that the parent-child

relationship is not proper, a parent’s inability to provide a stable home and failure to

comply with her FSP support a finding that termination of her parental rights is in

the best interest of the child. In re E.A.F., 424 S.W.3d 742, 752 (Tex. App.—

Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied); In re S.B., 207 S.W.3d 877, 887–88 (Tex.

App.—Fort Worth 2006, no pet.). As discussed above, there is ample evidence that

mother is unable to provide a safe and stable home for T.C. and failed to comply

with the terms of her FSP.54 See In re B.J., 2016 WL 1389054, at *13.

54
We also consider the following relevant to this factor: mother’s overdose on aspirin
pills while her children were in her home; her decision to leave T.C. and T.L.C.
home alone while she went to a store; her relationship with C.W., a registered sex
72
 To the extent that mother, in her brief, relies on certain positive evidence in

the record related to her to argue that the Holley factors weigh against the trial court’s

best-interest finding, we note that while there may be some evidence in the record

in her favor, such evidence cannot be read in isolation; it must be read in the context

of the entire record. See In re P.M.B., 2017 WL 6459554, at *15; In re K.C.F., No,

01-13-01078-CV, 2014 WL 2538624, at *16 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] June

5, 2014, no pet.) (mem. op.). Here, the balance of the record evidence reveals that

mother is unable to meet the current and future physical and emotional needs of T.C.;

is unable to protect T.C. from current and future emotional and physical danger;

lacks parental abilities; has engaged in erratic and dangerous behavior before DFPS

became involved in, and during the pendency of, the instant case; has not availed

herself of programs available to assist her; and is unable to provide T.C. with a safe

and stable home environment.

Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s finding,

we conclude that the trial court could have formed a firm belief or conviction that

termination of mother’s parental rights is in the best interest of T.C. See TEX. FAM.

offender with whom she remained in contact during the pendency of the instant case;
and her decision to bring her children in contact with C.W., knowing that he was a
registered sex offender and despite the fact that she had been advised against doing
so. See In re A.T., No. 02-17-00230-CV, 2017 WL 4819414, at *8 (Tex. App.—
Fort Worth Oct. 26, 2017, no pet.) (mem. op.) (parent’s relationship with registered
sex offender indicates “existing parent-child relationship between [parent] and
[child] is not a proper” one).

73
CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(2). And, viewing the evidence in a neutral light, we

conclude that a reasonable fact finder could have formed a firm belief or conviction

that termination of mother’s parental rights is in the best interest of T.C. See id. We

further conclude that the trial court could have reconciled any disputed evidence in

favor of finding that termination of mother’s parental rights is in T.C.’s best interest

or any disputed evidence was not so significant that a fact finder could not have

reasonably formed a firm belief or conviction that termination is in the best interest

of T.C.

Accordingly, we hold that the evidence is legally and factually sufficient to

support the trial court’s finding that termination of mother’s parental rights is in the

best interest of T.C. Id.

We overrule mother’s third issue.55

55
In her fourth issue, mother contends that the trial court erred in appointing DFPS,
and not her, as T.C.’s permanent managing conservator; however, mother asks the
Court to address this issue only if we reverse the trial court’s “termination finding.”
Because of our disposition of mother’s other issues, we need not address mother’s
permanent-managing-conservator complaint. See TEX. R. APP. P. 47.1; see also In
re L.G.R., 498 S.W.3d 195, 206–07 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2016, pet.
denied) (where evidence supporting termination sufficient, no error in appointing
DFPS as sole managing conservator); In re S.R., 452 S.W.3d 351, 359 n.3 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2014, pet. denied) (“A trial court does not abuse its
discretion in appointing [DFPS] as conservator of the children where the evidence
is sufficient to support termination of parental rights.”).

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 Conclusion

We affirm the judgment of the trial court.

Terry Jennings
Justice

Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Keyes, and Higley.

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