[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
•Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 106269
JOHN C. GUE
PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT
vs.
CHRISTINE M. GIRARDI
DEFENDANT-APPELLEE
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Domestic Relations Division
Case No. DR-13-346345
BEFORE: E.A. Gallagher, A.J., McCormack, J., and Boyle, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 20, 2018
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
APPELLANT
John C. Gue, pro se
1380 112th Street, Apt. 204B
Cleveland, Ohio 44102
APPELLEE
Christine M. Girardi, pro se
25157 Carlton Park, #317
North Olmsted, Ohio 44070
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, A.J.:
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellant-father John Gue (“father”), pro se, appeals from the trial
court’s order modifying the child support obligation of defendant-appellee-mother
Christine Girardi (“mother”), pro se. For the reasons that follow, we affirm the trial
court’s decision.
Factual and Procedural Background
{¶2} Father and mother divorced in June 2014. At the time of their divorce,
they had one adult child and three minor children — T.G. (age 17), N.G. (age 14) and
H.G. (age 12). Under the shared parenting plan, which was adopted by the trial court,
T.G. was to reside primarily with mother, N.G. was to reside primarily with father and
H.G. was to reside with both parents, alternating weeks between their homes. The
parties agreed that the parent not in possession of H.G. would pick her up at the end of
the other parent’s parenting time unless otherwise agreed.
{¶3} Pursuant to the agreed child support order incorporated in the divorce decree,
mother was to provide health insurance for the children and was to pay $200.01 per
month ($66.67 per month per child)1 in child support for the three minor children.
Mother’s child support obligation was deviated downward from the amount computed
under the child support worksheet based on the amount of time each parent spent with the
1
The child support figures referenced herein do not include the 2 percent processing fee.
They also reflect the amounts to be paid when private health insurance is provided, since mother has
provided private health insurance for the children through her employer at all times relevant to this
appeal.
children and as “an offset on the house.”2 The parties agreed that all school expenses
and all noncovered medical expenses would be paid 60 percent by mother and 40 percent
by father.
{¶4} Effective May 31, 2015, T.G. became emancipated, and mother’s monthly
child support obligation was reduced to $133.34 for the parties’ two remaining minor
children.
{¶5} On May 17, 2016, father filed a motion to modify child support, seeking an
increase in mother’s child support obligation to $200 per month ($100 per month per
child) over the standard child support obligation calculated under the child support
guidelines. Father asserted that a change in circumstances had occurred and that an
increase in mother’s child support obligation was warranted because (1) mother had
stopped spending time with the children and (2) the amount of child support awarded as
part of the divorce decree “was neither fair nor equitable in retrospect.” Father
contended that he “bore the brunt of the cost” of providing for the children and the fact
that he needed to reside in North Olmsted so that the children could continue to attend
school in the district increased his financial burden. Father further contended that, at the
time of the original support order, mother had represented that she would be unable to
2
Under the parties’ separation agreement, father agreed to quitclaim his interest in the
marital residence to mother. Mother agreed to seek a modification of the mortgage, assumed
responsibility for all of the utilities and maintenance expenses of the marital residence (which was
then in foreclosure) and accepted responsibility for any profit or deficiency upon foreclosure or
modification of the mortgage.
support the children at a level consistent with the child support guidelines “due to her
health and intent to retire” but that this “has [not] proven to be true.” Mother opposed
the motion.
{¶6} In March 2017, mother filed a motion to show cause why father should not be
held in contempt for (1) claiming H.G. as a dependent on his 2016 tax return, (2) failing
to provide one-half of the transportation for H.G.’s visitation with mother and (3) failing
to reimburse mother for certain expenses in accordance with the parties’ shared parenting
plan.
{¶7} In April 2017, the magistrate held a hearing on father’s motion to modify
child support. Father and mother appeared pro se at the hearing.3 Each parent testified
in narrative form. Father cross-examined mother, and the magistrate asked additional
questions of each party. Mother declined to cross-examine father.
{¶8} Father testified that he was “currently unemployed,” having lost his job as a
machine operator at Superior Roll Forming Co. Inc. (“Superior Roll Forming”) in March
2017 after he showed up late for work. Father testified that he had worked there for
two-and-a-half years prior to his termination. Father testified that he had “63 resumes
out” and hoped to find a new position within the next two weeks. He testified that his
3
Mother and father were both originally represented by counsel. Mother discharged her
counsel in February 2017. Father discharged his counsel a month later. Each parent proceeded pro
se at the hearing on father’s motion to modify support.
“best prospect” was to “get a job through a temp agency,” as this was how he had
obtained his prior position.
{¶9} Father testified that although the shared parenting plan provided for the
parents to have equal time with H.G., one week on and one week off, H.G. never spent
more than one weekend a month with mother. He further testified that N.G. had spent
no more than two weekends with mother in the past year. He also claimed that mother
had failed to pay her share of the children’s school fees and expenses, including her share
of a $900 school Disney World trip for N.G.
{¶10} Mother testified that she is employed as a respiratory/pulmonary function
therapist technologist at the Cleveland Clinic and that she provides health insurance
coverage for the children through her employment. She testified that when the parties
first divorced, they followed the alternating week schedule set forth in the shared
parenting agreement for H.G. She further testified that after she remarried and moved to
Mentor in December 2015, it made more sense for H.G. to stay with father during the
week because H.G. was very involved in band activities at school and all of her friends
were in North Olmsted. Mother explained that she also missed some weekend visitation
with H.G. due to mother’s medical issues.
{¶11} Mother testified that she provides all transportation for her parenting time
with H.G. and disputed father’s claim that she did not pay her share of the children’s
school expenses. She testified that while father paid for N.G.’s Walt Disney trip, she
gave N.G. $200 for his expenses. She further testified that she paid $375 for H.G.’s
school trip to Washington, D.C., certain of her band expenses, H.G.’s glasses and other
noncovered medical expenses for which she was not reimbursed by father. She testified
that she also worked “volunteer hours” at the school, which reduced the cost of N.G.’s
trip and the cost of H.G.’s band uniform. Mother stated that she has continuing medical
expenses and that she paid an average of $337 per month for noncovered medical
expenses and prescription costs in 2016.
{¶12} At the hearing, father and mother each introduced one exhibit. Father’s
exhibit consisted of copies of paystubs from Superior Roll Forming for the periods ending
December 13, 2015 and December 25, 2016, additional paystubs from Superior Roll
Forming from March to June 2016, a W-2 form for 2016, his federal income tax returns
for 2014, 2015 and 2016, a post-decree affidavit of income and expenses and a proposed
child support worksheet. Mother’s exhibit consisted of paystubs from the Cleveland
Clinic for December 29, 2016 to March 9, 2017, a summary of her benefit elections and
costs (including health insurance coverage information), a W-2 form for 2016, her federal
income tax returns for 2014 to 2016, select medical records, a post-decree affidavit of
income and expenses and a proposed child support worksheet.4
4
The proposed child support worksheets father and mother submitted as part of their exhibits
at the April 28, 2017 hearing were not included in the record received by this court on appeal.
Likewise, the copy of father’s 2014 federal income tax return in the record was incomplete. This
court, sua sponte, ordered appellant to supplement the record with complete copies of (1) the proposed
child support worksheet and 2014 federal income tax return that were included in father’s Exhibit A
and (2) the proposed child support worksheet that was included in mother’s Exhibit 1. On August
17, 2018, father filed copies of his 2014 federal income tax return and a proposed child support
worksheet dated February 9, 2017. The proposed child support worksheet submitted was unsigned.
{¶13} In their closing statements, father asserted that his former attorney had
submitted a proposed child support worksheet which calculated mother’s monthly support
obligation as $730 for N.G. and H.G. He argued that mother should be required to pay
$730 per month as retroactive child support for N.G. and H.G. and $584 per month in
child support for H.G. following N.G.’s emancipation.5
{¶14} Mother requested a downward deviation of $200 per month from the
standard child support obligation calculated under the child support guidelines due to her
ability to provide suitable housing and her out-of-pocket medical expenses and
prescription costs.6
{¶15} On June 27, 2017, the magistrate issued his decision. The magistrate
granted father’s motion to modify child support, increasing the amount of child support
mother was required to pay from $66.67 per child per month ($133.34 per month total) to
(1) $272.11 per child per month ($544.22 per month total) as child support for N.G. and
H.G. for the time period May 17, 2016 to June 3, 2017 and (2) $384.83 per month as child
support for H.G. effective June 4, 2017.
{¶16} Concluding that the total earnings listed on the parties’ paystubs included
contributions by their employers for health insurance benefits that were “not actual cash
For purposes of appeal, we assume this is a copy of the proposed child support worksheet that was
admitted at the hearing as part of father’s Exhibit A
5
N.G. became emancipated on June 3, 2017.
6
The parties agreed that the justification for the deviation previously granted as “an offset on
the house” no longer applied.
viii
available for purposes of child support,” the magistrate used the amounts listed as social
security wages on the parties’ W-2 forms in calculating the parties’ child support
obligations, believing it to be “the fairest determination of income for purposes of
completing the child support computation worksheet.”
{¶17} Although the magistrate found that father had lost his job and “fallen on a
difficult period,” he also found that father had “created this dilemma” himself by being
habitually late to work. The magistrate, therefore, used information regarding father’s
earnings in 2016, when he was still employed by Superior Roll Forming, in calculating
the parties’ child support obligations. The magistrate found that father had a total gross
income of $51,158.62 in 2016 and that mother had a total gross income of $48,955.48 in
2016.
{¶18} Using this information, the magistrate completed two child support
computation worksheets (1) for N.G. and H.G. for the time period May 17, 2016 (when
father filed his motion to modify support) until June 3, 2017 (the date N.G. graduated
from high school) and (2) for H.G. after N.G.’s emancipation (effective June 4, 2017).
Although the paystubs submitted by the parties suggest that both mother and father’s
2016 earnings included at least some overtime, the magistrate did not distinguish between
the parties’ regular earnings and overtime earnings when calculating the parties’ child
support obligations using the applicable child support computation worksheet. The
magistrate included all overtime earnings as annual gross income under section 1a of the
child support computation worksheet.
{¶19} The magistrate calculated the mother’s standard support obligation under the
child support computation worksheet as $579.22 per month ($6,950.68 annually) when
providing support for N.G. and H.G. and $419.83 per month ($5,037.95 annually) when
providing support for only H.G. Given that the calculated child support amount was
more than 10 percent greater than the existing child support order, the magistrate
concluded that a substantial change in circumstances had occurred that warranted
modification of the existing child support order.
{¶20} The magistrate rejected mother’s request for a deviation based on her
parenting time and ability to maintain suitable housing but granted a downward deviation
of $35 per month for the transportation costs she incurred in exercising her visitation with
H.G. retroactive to the date father filed his motion to modify child support. The
magistrate also rejected mother’s request for a deviation based on her personal medical
expenses but considered the “strain on [mother’s] finances” resulting from those expenses
as grounds to “rebut the statutory re-payment of 20 percent on the retroactive child
support arrearage” and ordered her to pay an additional $25 per month towards the
retroactive arrearage ($409.83 per month in total) until the balance was paid in full.
{¶21} On July 3, 2017, mother withdrew her motion to show cause without
prejudice.
x
{¶22} Father filed objections to the magistrate’s decision. On August 29, 2017,
the trial court overruled the father’s objections and adopted the magistrate’s decision
without modification.
{¶23} Father appealed. On January 16, 2018, this court, sua sponte, dismissed
the appeal for lack of a final appealable order because the trial court had failed to issue an
entry that separately set forth the trial court’s own judgment. On January 24, 2018, the
trial court issued a new, separate judgment entry. This court then granted father’s motion
to reinstate the appeal.
{¶24} In his appeal, father raises the following six assignments of error (which he
designates as “contentions”) for review:
Contention #1:
[T]he court of domestic relations disregards procedural due process.
Contention #2:
[T]he court of domestic relations disregarded Ohio Rules of Civil
Procedures [sic].
Contention #3:
[T]he court of domestic relations disregards Ohio Revised Code.
Contention #4:
[T]he court of domestic relations disregards the best interest of the child.
Contention #5:
[T]he court of domestic relations places an unequal value on volunteer
services.
Contention #6:
[T]he use of “Pro se” standard disregards any justification for it.
xi
{¶25} For ease of discussion, we address father’s assignments of error out of order
and together where appropriate.
Law and Analysis
Standard of Review
{¶26} We review a trial court’s decision on matters of child support for abuse of
discretion. Morrow v. Becker, 138 Ohio St.3d 11, 2013-Ohio-4542, 3 N.E.3d 144, ¶ 9.
Under an abuse of discretion standard, the trial court’s decision will be reversed only if it
is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d
217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983); see also In re C.A.S., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 104052
and 104054, 2016-Ohio-5633, ¶ 17 (abuse of discretion “‘describ[es] a judgment neither
comporting with the record, nor reason.’”), quoting Klayman v. Luck, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
Nos. 97074 and 97075, 2012-Ohio-3354, ¶ 12; In re K.R.B., 2017-Ohio-7071, 95 N.E.3d
799, ¶ 16 (8th Dist.).
Modification of Mother’s Child Support Obligation
Calculation of Gross Income
{¶27} We address father’s third assignment of error first. In his third assignment
of error, father argues that the magistrate improperly calculated the parties’ gross income
when completing the child support computation worksheets. Specifically, father
contends that the trial court erred in (1) including all of the overtime he earned in 2016 in
his annual gross income and (2) using the parties’ social security wages when calculating
the parties’ annual gross income.
{¶28} The starting point in calculating a parent’s child support obligation is
parental income, i.e., “gross income” for those who are employed to full capacity or gross
income plus potential income for those who are not employed to full capacity. See, e.g.,
Bodrock v. Bodrock, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 104177, 2016-Ohio-5852, ¶ 10, citing
Morrow, 138 Ohio St.3d 11, 2013-Ohio-4542, 3 N.E.3d 144, at ¶ 11, and Serra v. Serra,
10th Dist. Franklin No. 15AP-528, 2016-Ohio-950, ¶ 9. For purposes of calculating
child support, “gross income” is defined in R.C. 3119.01(C)(7). in relevant part as
follows:
“Gross income” means, except as excluded in division (C)(7) of this
section, the total of all earned and unearned income from all sources during
a calendar year, whether or not the income is taxable, and includes
incomefrom salaries, wages, overtime pay, and bonuses to the extent
described in division (D) of section 3119.05 of the Revised Code;
commissions; royalties; tips; rents; dividends; severance pay; pensions;
interest; trust income; annuities; social security benefits, including
retirement, disability, and survivor benefits that are not means-tested;
workers’ compensation benefits; unemployment insurance benefits;
disability insurance benefits; benefits that are not means-tested and that are
received by and in the possession of the veteran who is the beneficiary for
any service-connected disability under a program or law administered by
the United States department of veterans’ affairs or veterans’
administration; spousal support actually received; and all other sources of
income.
***
R.C. 3119.05(A) requires that parents’ incomes “be verified by electronic means or with
suitable documents, including * * * paystubs, employer statements, * * * tax returns, and
all supporting documentation and schedules for the tax returns.”
xiii
{¶29} The determination of gross income is a factual finding, which is subject to
review on appeal to determine whether it is supported by competent, credible evidence in
the record. Bodrock at ¶ 12, citing Serra at ¶ 10, and Jajola v. Jajola, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 83131, 2004-Ohio-370, ¶ 8.
Overtime Earnings
{¶30} Father argues that the magistrate erred in including all of his 2016 overtime
as gross income when calculating the parties’ child support obligations. He contends
that the magistrate should have, instead, used the three-year average of his overtime.
R.C. 3119.05(D) provides:
When the court * * * calculates the gross income of a parent, it shall include
the lesser of the following as income from overtime and bonuses:
(1) The yearly average of all overtime, commissions, and bonuses received
during the three years immediately prior to the time when the person’s child
support obligation is being computed;
(2) The total overtime, commissions, and bonuses received during the year
immediately prior to the time when the person’s child support obligation is
being computed.
The child support computation worksheet tracks this language and provides for the
inclusion of overtime pay as determined by these methods in annual gross income “if
there exists a reasonable expectation that the total earnings from overtime and/or bonuses
during the current calendar year will meet or exceed the amount that is the lower of the
average of the three years or the [last calendar year] amount.”
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
{¶31} As evidence of his income, father submitted his paystubs from Superior Roll
Forming for the period ending December 13, 2015 and December 25, 2016, various other
paystubs from Superior Roll Forming from March to June 2016, his W-2 from 2016 and
his tax returns from 2014 to 2016. Father’s paystub for the time period ending
December 24, 2016 shows total “gross earnings” of $53,290.96, broken down into 11
different “earnings” categories — 401ER, ATTEN, DLFE, DT, GNSHR, HOL, OT, PTO,
REG, RETRO and SHFT. It also includes several handwritten notes, including the
following:
I worked my a** off.
47 Saturdays worked
31 Sundays worked
5 Saturday[s] off work
21 Sundays off
10 vacation days
36 days off total 329 days worked
Father’s paystubs from 2016 list his hourly rate as $14.03 or $15.54. His 2016 federal
tax return lists $50,086 in total “[w]ages, salaries, tips, etc.”
{¶32} Father’s paystub for the period ending December 13, 2015 similarly shows
total “gross earnings” of $21,292.64 broken down into 11 different earnings categories —
401ER, ATTEN, BONUS, DLFE, DT, GNSHR, HOL, OT, PTO, REG and SHFT. It
lists his hourly rate as $14.03. It also includes a handwritten note: “No Double Time
(Sundays) offered in 2015. No Overtime until Oct, started being offered at end of the
year.” His 2015 federal income tax return reports $30,986 in total “[w]ages, salaries,
tips, etc.”7
{¶33} Father’s 2014 federal income tax return reports $12,702 in total income.
The source of this income is not clear from the record. No paystubs or W-2s were
introduced from 2014 and father offered no testimony regarding where he was working in
2014 or the source(s) of his income in 2014.
{¶34} As the magistrate pointed out in his decision, father offered no testimony or
other evidence explaining the different pay categories referenced on his paystubs, or
specifically, what portion of his earnings constituted overtime or bonuses. On the
proposed child support worksheet father submitted, dated February 9, 2017, he listed
$31,117 as his annual gross income. It is not clear from the record how this sum was
calculated. Although father testified that he earned overtime in both 2015 and 2016, and
it appears from the documentation submitted (listing his hourly rate) that father earned a
substantial amount of overtime or bonuses in 2015 and 2016, in section 1b of his
proposed child support worksheet, he listed “0.00” as the “[a]mount of overtime, bonuses,
and commissions” for each of the last three years. The trial court, therefore, could only
speculate as to the specific overtime and bonus component included in his earnings
during these years. Father did not offer any testimony or other evidence regarding
7
It is not clear from the record what accounts for the $9,693.36 difference in earnings
between the $30,986 in total “[w]ages, salaries, tips, etc.” reported on father’s 2015 federal income
tax return and the $21,292.64 listed on the December 2015 paystub. Copies of the W-2 forms
associated with father’s 2015 federal tax returns were not submitted.
whether he could reasonably expect to earn similar overtime or bonuses based on his job
prospects in the future.
{¶35} As such, the trial court did not abuse its discretion in failing to use the
three-year average of father’s overtime and bonuses when calculating his gross income.
See, e.g., Worley v. Worley, 5th Dist. Licking No. 06-CA-63, 2007-Ohio-252, ¶ 6-13
(where father failed to provide trial court with evidence relative to his income or overtime
for the three previous years and only guessed as to the overtime component included in
his income, trial court was “free to rely on the evidence presented” and did not err in
including overtime pay in father’s gross income when calculating his child support
obligation under R.C. 3119.05(D)); Lanzillotta v. Lanzillotta, 1st Dist. Hamilton Nos.
C-120796 and C-120835, 2013-Ohio-4050, ¶ 18-23 (where record was clear that mother
had earned a substantial amount of overtime in year in which child support obligation was
being computed and provided no evidence other than her testimony that the overtime was
not likely to occur in the future, trial court was required to include mother’s overtime pay
in calculating her gross income); see also Wildman v. Wildman, 5th Dist. Licking No.
12-CA-21, 2012-Ohio-5090, ¶ 16-21) (where father did not provide any information
regarding his bonus and overtime income from 2008 to 2010, forcing trial court to rely on
a 2011 paystub, trial court did not err in extrapolating defendant’s gross income under
R.C. 3119.01(C)(7) based on the limited evidence provided); Benjelloun v. Benjelloun,
12th Dist. Butler No. CA2012-01-004, 2012-Ohio-5353, ¶ 11-15 (trial court was required
to take father’s bonuses into account in determining his gross income for child support
purposes where the only evidence presented, father’s paystubs, indicated that he had
received two bonuses in 2011 with the possibility of receiving a third).
Use of Social Security Wages in Calculating Gross Income
{¶36} Father also contends that the magistrate erred in using the amount listed as
social security wages on the parties’ 2016 W-2 form to calculate the parties’ child support
obligations. He contends that this was unfair because the magistrate already
“compensated the [mother] for having to pay for the court ordered health care of the
children” by deducting the cost of the children’s health insurance on line 20 of the child
support computation worksheet.
{¶37} As stated above, the magistrate used the amount listed as social security
wages on the parties’ 2016 W-2 forms in calculating the parties’ gross income after
determining that the total earnings listed on the parties’ paystubs included their
employer’s contributions for their health insurance benefits.
{¶38} Father did not object to the magistrate’s finding that the parties’ total
earnings as reflected on their paystubs included employer-paid health insurance
contributions or to the exclusion of those amounts from the parties’ gross income in
calculating their child support obligations below.
{¶39} However, father did not specifically object to the magistrate’s decision on
that basis. Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(iv) provides that “exceptfor a claim of plain error, a
party shall not assign as error on appeal the court’s adoption of any factual finding or
legal conclusion * * * unless the party has objected to that finding or conclusion as
required” by the rule. See also Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b)(ii) (“An objection to a magistrate’s
decision shall be specific and state with particularity all grounds for objection.”) He has,
therefore, waived all but plain error. See, e.g., Huntington Natl. Bank v. Cade, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 103674, 2016-Ohio-4705, ¶ 9; Huntington Natl. Bank v. Blount, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 98514, 2013-Ohio-3128, ¶ 10-11. Review for plain error is to be
conducted “with the utmost caution.” Goldfuss v. Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 121,
679 N.E.2d 1099 (1997). The doctrine is limited to those “extremely rare cases” in
which “exceptional circumstances require its application to prevent a manifest
miscarriage of justice, and where the error complained of, if left uncorrected, would have
a materially adverse effect on the character of, and public confidence in, judicial
proceedings.” Id.; see also Citizens Bank, N.A. v. Conway, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
106315, 2018-Ohio-2229, ¶ 16. Father has not argued plain error on appeal and
following our careful review of the limited record before us on this issue, we cannot say
that this is the “extremely rare case” where this court is required to apply the plain error
doctrine to avoid a “manifest miscarriage of justice.” See, e.g., Hahn v. Hahn, 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 96984, 2012-Ohio-594, ¶ 21 (where father did not object to the portions of
the magistrate’s decision concerning calculation of the parties’ respective incomes and
order of child support and did not demonstrate that exceptional circumstances existed that
required application of the plain error doctrine, father was precluded from raising claims
that the trial court erred in its calculation of the parties’ income and in failing to order
mother to pay child support to father on appeal); see also Phillips v. Hostetler, 9th Dist.
Summit No. 28397, 2017-Ohio-2834, ¶ 18-21 (overruling father’s assignment of error
where, although father challenged his child support obligation below, he failed to raise
the specific grounds he was attempting to argue on appeal below and did not argue plain
error).
{¶40} Even if we were to conclude that the magistrate committed the error claimed
by father, such error does not “seriously affect the basic fairness, integrity, or public
reputation of the judicial process, thereby challenging the legitimacy of the underlying
judicial process itself.” Goldfuss at syllabus. Accordingly, it does not rise to the level
of plain error. See, e.g., Hancock v. Crook, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 14AP-332,
2014-Ohio-5106, ¶ 11; see also Trombley v. Trombley, 9th Dist. Medina No.
17CA0012-M, 2018-Ohio-1880, ¶ 10 (where mother did not specifically object to manner
in which the magistrate calculated mother and father’s income and did not argue plain
error, she failed to preserve issue for appellate review); Blevins v. Blevins, 10th Dist.
Franklin No. 14AP-175, 2014-Ohio-3933, ¶ 23-24 (appellant’s claim that the trial court
erred by reducing appellee’s child support obligation without cause and against the best
interest of the children did not raise plain error). Accordingly, we overrule father’s third
assignment of error.
Deviation for Transportation Expenses
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
{¶41} In his first assignment of error, father argues that the trial court erred in
granting mother a $35 per month downward deviation for the transportation costs
associated with mother’s parenting time with H.G. because (1) mother was not exercising
her parenting time with H.G. and (2) mother withdrew her motion to show cause (which
alleged, in part, that father had failed to provide his one-half of the transportation for
H.G.’s visitation with mother). He further argues that the trial court’s decision to grant
mother a downward deviation violates due process because he was “denied any chance
for oral argument on the deviation.” Father’s arguments are meritless.
{¶42} The trial court may order child support that deviates from the amount of
child support calculated under the basic child support schedule and worksheet if the court
determines that it would be unjust or inappropriate and not be in the best interest of the
child because of the extraordinary circumstances of the parents or any other factor set
forth in R.C. 3119.23. See R.C. 3119.22-3119.24, 3119.79.
{¶43} “[E]xtraordinary circumstances of the parents” includes:
(1) The amount of time the children spend with each parent;
(2) The ability of each parent to maintain adequate housing for the children;
(3) Each parent’s expenses, including child care expenses, school tuition,
medical expenses, dental expenses, and any other expenses the court
considers relevant; [and]
(4) Any other circumstances the court considers relevant.
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
R.C. 3119.24(B). The factors set forth in R.C. 3119.23 a court may consider in
determining whether to grant a deviation include “extraordinary costs associated with
parenting time” and “[a]ny other relevant factor.” R.C. 3119.23(D), (P).
{¶44} In this case, the magistrate found the “presumed correct amount of child
support” as calculated using the child support schedule and worksheets to be “unjust and
inappropriate and not in the children’s best interest” and granted mother a “slight
downward deviation” for her transportation costs based on the following findings:
In this case mother’s request for a deviation due to the parenting time,
including any extraordinary costs is seemingly not warranted for the reason
that she re-located to Mentor, Ohio. It is undisputed that she exercised
parenting time with [N.G.] sparingly. [H.G.] is at her home at most
every-other weekend. However, it does appear that mother remains very
involved in [H.G.’s] activities at school. Conversely, [mother] also is
apparently providing the transportation for [H.G.]. She has a contempt
motion pending against father for his alleged refusal to provide his one-half
of the transportation for [H.G.] for parenting time. There is a travel
expense for both travel and return from Mentor to North Olmsted. It is
likely 40 miles each way, which would equate to 160 miles every other
weekend when mother is exercising her parenting time, where she is solely
providing the transportation or about 320 miles per month with
two-weekend parenting time. That is approximately one-tank of gasoline
and wear and tear or about $35.00 per month. It would be about one half
of that expense if father was providing his one-half share of the parenting
time. A $35.00 per month deviation is appropriate in this regard. It also
would be appropriate to apply same retroactive to the date of filing of the
motion.
In ruling on father’s objections to the magistrate’s decision, the trial court found that
these findings were “fully supported by the evidence.”
{¶45} On the record before us, we cannot say that the trial court abused its
discretion in granting mother a $35 per month downward deviation for the transportation
costs she incurred in exercising her visitation with H.G. Mother testified that H.G.
generally spent one or two weekends a month with her and that she provided the
transportation for both ways from father’s house in North Olmsted to mother’s house in
Mentor. The magistrate’s findings are supported by competent, credible evidence in the
record.
{¶46} With respect to father’s due process argument, the record reflects that father
had an opportunity to present his own evidence relevant to his motion to modify child
support as well as an opportunity to cross-examine mother regarding her testimony. He
also had an opportunity to present a closing argument at the hearing and filed written
objections to the magistrate’s decision relating to the transportation costs issue. Those
objections were fully considered and overruled by the trial court in its August 29, 2017
judgment entry. Accordingly, father has shown no violation of due process.
{¶47} Father also argues that the magistrate had “no authority” to rule on mother’s
motion to show cause because mother withdrew it. However, the magistrate did not rule
on mother’s motion to show cause. That motion had been referred to another magistrate
and was not decided as part of the April 2017 hearing. Whether mother was entitled to a
deviation for her transportation costs was a separate issue from whether father should be
held in contempt for his alleged failure to provide one-half of the transportation for
mother’s visitation with H.G. (and the other issues raised in mother’s motion to show
cause). Simply because mother dismissed her motion to show cause after the magistrate
issued his decision did not preclude the trial court from granting a deviation for mother’s
transportation costs. Father’s first assignment of error is overruled.
Evidence Submitted in Support of Motion to Modify Child Support
{¶48} In his second assignment of error, father complains about the length of time
it took the trial court to resolve his motion to modify child support and the trial court’s
finding that “[t]he evidence of record is limited.” He contends that the trial court
violated the Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure because it “never collected the documents to
make an informed decision according to * * * R.C. 3199 — calculation of child support”
and that the trial court “could have fixed the lack of evidence and verified the claims
made by the plaintiff” when it reviewed the magistrate’s decision and ruled on his
objections. Once again, father’s arguments are meritless. It is not the role of the
magistrate or the trial court to “collect” or present evidence in support of a party’s claims.
Although a trial court “may hear additional evidence” before ruling on objections to a
magistrate’s decision, it may refuse to do so unless the objecting party demonstrates that
the party could not, with reasonable diligence, have produced that evidence for
consideration by the magistrate. Civ.R. 53(D)(4)(d). No such showing was made in
this case.
{¶49} In addition, although it may have taken the trial court longer than father
would have liked to resolve his motion, we cannot say this constituted an abuse of
discretion. Father’s second assignment of error is overruled.
Value of Volunteer Services
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
{¶50} In his fifth assignment of error, father asserts that the trial court erred in
“plac[ing] an unequal value on [the] volunteer services” mother provided in contributing
towards the children’s extracurricular activity expenses as compared with the $900 in
cash he paid for N.G.’s Walt Disney trip. We disagree. The magistrate found that
mother had participated in a program through the school, which allowed her to perform
volunteer work in lieu of making certain cash payments towards the children’s band
expenses. The magistrate’s finding is supported by competent, credible evidence in the
record. There is nothing in the record that suggests that the magistrate placed an
“unequal value” on this volunteer work in calculating the parties’ modified child support
obligations or abused its discretion in failing to order mother to pay additional child
support based on father’s contributions toward the children’s school fees and expenses.
While father testified that he paid $900 toward N.G.’s Walt Disney trip, mother testified
that, in addition to the volunteer work she performed, she gave N.G. $200 toward
expenses on the Disney trip, paid $375 for H.G.’s school trip to Washington, D.C. and
paid for H.G.’s glasses and other noncovered medical expenses for which she was not
reimbursed by father. We overrule father’s fifth assignment of error.
Accommodation for Pro Se Parties
{¶51} In his sixth assignment of error, father challenges the trial court’s
application of the long-standing principle that “[p]ro se litigants are presumed to have
knowledge of the law and legal procedures, and are held to the same standard as litigants
who are represented by counsel.” The record reflects that father originally had counsel
in this case but discharged him prior to the hearing in this matter. Father fails to explain
how the trial court’s application of this principle amounts to an error in this case.
Accordingly, we disregard this assignment of error. App.R. 12(A)(2), 16(A).
Father’s Remaining Assignment of Error
{¶52} In his fourth assignment of error, father reiterates certain of the arguments
he made in his previous assignments of error, asserting that the trial court unfairly favored
mother over the children and failed to act in the “best interest of the child.” For the
reasons stated above, we overrule father’s fourth assignment of error.
{¶53} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant the costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
[Cite as Gue v. Girardi, 2018-Ohio-3788.]
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga
County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, to carry this judgment into
execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
____________________________________________________
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
TIM McCORMACK, J., and
MARY J. BOYLE, J., CONCUR
Gue v. Girardi
Combined Opinion