In The
Court of Appeals
Sixth Appellate District of Texas at Texarkana
No. 06-18-00106-CR
JOHNNY LESTER ANDERSON, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 276th District Court
Marion County, Texas
Trial Court No. F14904
Before Morriss, C.J., Moseley and Burgess, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Moseley
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A Marion County jury convicted Johnny Lester Anderson of indecency with a child by
sexual contact. Anderson was sentenced to twenty years’ imprisonment and was ordered to pay a
$10,000.00 fine and $400.00 in attorney fees for his court-appointed attorney. On appeal,
Anderson argues that the trial court erred in admitting unsworn pleadings in a divorce proceeding
because they contained allegations by Anderson’s wife that he had a history or pattern of child
abuse. Anderson also argues that because he was indigent, the trial court erred in ordering him to
pay attorney fees for his court-appointed counsel.
We find that Anderson failed to preserve his first point of error. However, we sustain
Anderson’s second point of error because we find the evidence insufficient to support the order to
pay attorney fees. Accordingly, we delete the order to pay attorney fees from the judgment and
affirm the judgment, as modified.
I. Anderson Did Not Preserve His First Point of Error
During trial, Anderson’s wife, Charlotte Anderson, testified that she did not believe the
child victim’s outcries because the child was not always truthful. In response, the State introduced
a divorce petition alleging that Anderson had “a history or pattern of child abuse.” Anderson’s
counsel only objected to the relevance of the document.
On appeal, Anderson does not argue that the document was irrelevant for impeachment
purposes, or otherwise. He also concedes that he made no other objection to the document, but
contends that its admission constituted fundamental error because it was very damaging to his
case. Additionally, Anderson’s brief fails to further specify the ground for the trial court’s alleged
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error. Instead, citing to cases involving jury charge error which are not applicable here, Anderson
argues that the document’s admission constituted egregious harm.
Generally, a party must object to preserve error on appeal. See TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a).
However, pursuant to Rule 103(e) of the Texas Rules of Evidence, appellate courts may take
“notice of a fundamental error affecting a substantial right, even if the claim of error was not
properly preserved.” TEX. R. EVID. 103(e). Fundamental errors fall into “two relatively small
categories of errors: violations of ‘rights which are waivable only’ and denials of ‘absolute
systemic requirements.’” Saldano v. State, 70 S.W.3d 873, 888 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (quoting
Marin v. State, 851 S.W.2d 275, 280 (Tex. Crim. App. 1993), overruled on other grounds by Cain
v. State, 947 S.W.2d 262 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997)). “Waivable only” rights include the right to the
assistance of counsel and the right to trial by jury. Id. “Absolute, systemic rights” include
jurisdiction of the person, jurisdiction of the subject matter, a penal statute’s compliance with the
separation of powers section of the state constitution, a constitutional requirement that a district
court must conduct its proceedings at the county seat, the constitutional prohibition of ex post facto
laws, and certain constitutional restraints on the comments of a judge. Id. at 888–89. Notably,
neither of the fundamental error categories includes the admission or exclusion of evidence,
regardless of how probative or prejudicial the evidence might be. See id. Thus, we reject
Anderson’s argument of fundamental error and conclude that he was required to preserve any error
by presenting to the trial court a timely request, objection, or motion stating the specific grounds
for the desired ruling. TEX. R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(1).
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Anderson only objected to the document’s relevance at trial, a point which he does not
bring on appeal. To the extent that Anderson’s brief could somehow be fairly read to raise some
other issue, it was not preserved because a “point of error on appeal must comport with the
objection made at trial.” Clark v. State, 365 S.W.3d 333, 339 (Tex. Crim. App. 2012); see TEX.
R. APP. P. 33.1. Accordingly, we overrule Anderson’s first point of error.
II. We Delete the Order to Pay Attorney Fees
A challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting court costs is reviewable on direct
appeal in a criminal case. See Armstrong v. State, 340 S.W.3d 759, 767 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011).
We measure the sufficiency of the evidence supporting an order of court costs by reviewing the
record in the light most favorable to the award. Mayer v. State, 309 S.W.3d 552, 557 (Tex. Crim.
App. 2010).
Under Article 26.05(g) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure, a trial court has the
authority to order the reimbursement of court-appointed attorney fees as court costs only if “the
judge determines that a defendant has financial resources that enable the defendant to offset in part
or in whole the costs of the legal services provided . . . , including any expenses and costs.” TEX.
CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.05(g) (West Supp. 2017). “[T]he defendant’s financial resources
and ability to pay are explicit critical elements in the trial court’s determination of the propriety of
ordering reimbursement of costs and fees” of legal services provided. Armstrong, 340 S.W.3d at
765–66 (Tex. Crim. App. 2011) (quoting Mayer, 309 S.W.3d at 556).
Here, the trial court declared Anderson indigent and appointed counsel for trial. Therefore,
he was presumed to remain indigent absent record proof of a material change in his circumstances.
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TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 26.04(p) (West Supp. 2017); Mayer, 309 S.W.3d at 557. The
record contains no proof of a material change in Anderson’s circumstances. Simply put, the
appellate record in this case demonstrates that the evidence is insufficient to support the order to
pay attorney fees included in the written judgment. The State concedes the error.
Appellate courts “have the authority to reform judgments and affirm as modified in cases
where there is non reversible error.” Ferguson v. State, 435 S.W.3d 291, 294 (Tex. App.—Waco
2014, pet. struck) (comprehensively discussing appellate cases that have modified judgments).
Accordingly, we modify the trial court’s judgment by deleting the order to pay attorney fees from
the judgment.
III. Conclusion
We delete the order to pay attorney fees from the judgment and affirm the trial court’s
judgment, as modified.
Bailey C. Moseley
Justice
Date Submitted: September 21, 2018
Date Decided: October 4, 2018
Do Not Publish
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Johnny Lester Anderson v. State
Combined Opinion