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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
HASAAN HATCHER :
:
Appellant : No. 2418 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order July 21, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-0006134-2010
BEFORE: OLSON, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED OCTOBER 09, 2018
Appellant, Hassan Hatcher, appeals pro se from the order entered on
July 21, 2017, dismissing his first petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (PCRA), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. We affirm.
We briefly summarize this case as follows. On May 10, 2011, a jury
convicted Appellant of aggravated assault and conspiracy.1 On September 9,
2011, the trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of 10 to 20
years of imprisonment. We affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence on June
5, 2013. See Commonwealth v. Hatcher, 2013 WL 11262119 (Pa. Super.
2013) (unpublished memorandum).2 Our Supreme Court denied further
review. See Commonwealth v. Hatcher, 77 A.3d 636 (Pa. 2013).
____________________________________________
1 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 2702 and 903.
2 Our decision provides a detailed recitation of the facts of this case.
____________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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Appellant filed a pro se PCRA petition on December 9, 2014. The PCRA
court appointed counsel to represent Appellant and appointed counsel filed an
amended PCRA petition on May 17, 2016. Counsel filed two subsequent
amended PCRA petitions on September 1, 2016 and February 2, 2017. On
February 24, 2017, the PCRA court issued notice pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907
of its intent to dismiss Appellant’s various PCRA petitions and amendments.
On March 15, 2017, Appellant filed a pro se response, alleging PCRA counsel’s
ineffectiveness and further requesting that the PCRA court appoint new
counsel or, alternatively, allow Appellant to proceed pro se. On July 21, 2017,
the PCRA court permitted Appellant to proceed pro se, and, ultimately, denied
Appellant relief.3 This timely appeal followed.4
On appeal, Appellant presents the following pro se issues for our review:
1. Did the PCRA court err in denying relief in light of affidavit
evidence substantiating that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to litigate a motion to suppress and object to an in-court
identification at trial, which was the result of a pretrial live
line[-]up identification so suggestive, unreliable, and conducive
to misidentification as to taint the conviction?
____________________________________________
3 Before permitting Appellant to proceed pro se, the PCRA court held a hearing
pursuant to Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998) (“When the
waiver of the right to counsel is sought during PCRA review, an on-the-record
determination should be made that the waiver is knowing, intelligent, and
voluntary.”).
4 Appellant filed a pro se notice of appeal on July 31, 2017. On August 7,
2017, the PCRA court ordered Appellant to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). Appellant complied
timely on August 15, 2017. The PCRA court issued an opinion pursuant to
Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on September 29, 2017.
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2. Did the PCRA court err in denying relief, where Appellant
presented newly discovered recantation evidence during the
[PCRA] proceeding substantiating that the [C]ommonwealth
violated his due process rights by presenting false testimony
and fabricated evidence at trial, which so undermined the truth
determining process that no reliable adjudication was possible?
3. Did the PCRA court err in denying Appellant’s motion for
appointment of new counsel, where PCRA counsel was
ineffective for waiving [Appellant’s claim based on recantation
evidence] by failing to develop and cite case law in support of
the claim in light of newly discovered evidence [demonstrating
that] the [C]ommonwealth violated Appellant’s due process
rights by presenting false testimony and fabricated evidence at
trial, which so undermined the truth-determining process that
no reliable adjudication was possible?
4. Whether Appellant has been denied effective review because of
the loss and/or failure to certify and transmit essential portions
of ordered transcripts, exhibits submitted during trial, and
affidavits necessary for a determination of the issues raised on
appeal?
Appellant’s Brief at 6 (footnote and suggested answers omitted).
In his first issue presented, Appellant argues that trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to seek suppression of the victim’s in-court identification
of Appellant at trial. Id. at 14-20. Appellant claims that the victim’s
identification of Appellant was based on suggestive and unreliable influences
that occurred immediately prior to the preliminary hearing and before trial.
More specifically, Appellant claims the police exposed the victim to “photo
arrays containing [Appellant’]s mug shot and other evidence collected from
the crime scene by police, such as PNC Bank ATM photographs and live
streaming video footage from [a] liquor [store]” in an effort to encourage the
victim to identify Appellant. Id. at 14. Appellant also maintains that before
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the start of the preliminary hearing, Appellant and his co-defendant were
brought into court and the victim was influenced by his wife to choose
Appellant as a participant in the shooting. Relying on affidavits from his family
members who were present for the preliminary hearing, Appellant suggests
that the victim and his wife “sat together and actually discussed [Appellant’s]
identity while viewing him” before the preliminary hearing. Id. at 16.
Appellant argues that the victim was not able to identify Appellant as a
participant in the shooting when police presented the victim with photographs
at the hospital 24 hours after the incident. Id. at 14. Accordingly, Appellant
contends that “[g]iven [the victim’s] initial failures to identify, followed by a
later positive in-court identification – [the victim’s] identification [was] based
on his improper exposures to [Appellant], rather than his memories of the
crime.” Id. Appellant also challenges the PCRA court’s determination that
there was an independent basis for the victim’s identification. Id. at 17-20.
Our standard of review is as follows:
Our standard of review of an order denying a PCRA petition is
limited to an examination whether the PCRA court's determination
is supported by the evidence of record and free of legal error. We
grant great deference to the PCRA court's findings, and we will not
disturb those findings unless they are unsupported by the certified
record.
* * *
The law presumes counsel has rendered effective assistance, and
the burden of demonstrating ineffectiveness rests with an
appellant. To satisfy this burden, an appellant must plead and
prove by a preponderance of the evidence that: (1) his underlying
claim is of arguable merit; (2) the particular course of conduct
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pursued by counsel did not have some reasonable basis designed
to effectuate his interests; and, (3) but
for counsel's ineffectiveness, there is a reasonable probability that
the outcome of the challenged proceeding would have been
different. Failure to satisfy any prong of the test will result in
rejection of the appellant’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim.
Commonwealth v. Holt, 175 A.3d 1014, 1017–1018 (Pa. Super.
2017).
Regarding identification, our Supreme Court has determined:
A court must assess the reliability of an out-of-
court identification by examining the totality of the circumstances.
A pre-trial identification violates due process only when the facts
and circumstances demonstrate that the identification procedure
was so impermissibly suggestive that it gave rise to a very
substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification. [Where an
initial one-on-one confrontation between the accused and
the identifying witness occurs in court, identification evidence
derived therefrom is not automatically unreliable. See
Commonwealth v. Floyd, 431 A.2d 984, 987 (Pa. 1981).]
Initial equivocation does not render later identifications
constitutionally unreliable per se.
* * *
[If a pre-trial identification is tainted, “the subsequent in-
court identification will be admissible if there exists an
independent basis for the identification.” See Commonwealth v.
Abdul–Salaam, 678 A.2d 342, 349 (Pa. 1996).] To determine
whether a sufficiently independent basis for
the identification exists, a court must consider: (1) the
opportunity of the witness to view the suspect at the time of the
offense; (2) the witness' focus or attention upon the suspect; (3)
the accuracy of the witness' description of the suspect; (4) the
level of certainty demonstrated by the witness at the
confrontation; and (5) the length of time between the crime and
the confrontation.
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 139 A.3d 1257, 1278–1279 (Pa. 2016).
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On Appellant’s first issue, the PCRA court concluded:
Here, there was more than ample evidence of an independent
basis for the in-court identification. Accordingly, a [pre-trial]
line-up was not required. On the day the victim was shot, he
heard [Appellant] say, “I think that’s him. I think that’s him.”
Thereafter, the victim and [Appellant] stood face to face at which
time [Appellant] displayed [a] firearm tucked in his waistband.
The victim saw [Appellant’s] face as [Appellant] raised his shirt,
exposing a gun handle. Under these conditions, [including] a
face-to-face confrontation, the victim’s in-court identification of
[Appellant] was sufficiently reliable to admit into evidence. Thus,
there was no basis to suppress [Appellant’s] in-court
identification. Consequently, [Appellant’s] claim lacks merit and
cannot afford him relief. A motion to suppress would have been
baseless and counsel cannot be found ineffective for failing to file
a meritless claim.
PCRA Court Opinion, 10/29/2017, at 10-11 (record and case citations
omitted).
Upon review, we agree that Appellant is not entitled to relief. Here, the
facts and circumstances do not demonstrate that any pre-trial identification
procedures were so impermissibly suggestive that they gave rise to a
substantial likelihood of irreparable misidentification. Initially, we note that
the police prepared a photo array for the victim to examine at the hospital
following the shooting. N.T., 5/4/2011, at 210. The victim was not able to
identify anyone from that array. Id. However, Appellant’s photo was not
contained in the sole photo array examined by the victim. Id. at 234-235.
As such, the police did not suggest Appellant’s identification to the victim in
an impermissible line-up or photo array. Equally important, the victim’s failure
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to identify Appellant in the photo array does not diminish the later in-court
identification since Appellant’s photo was omitted from that array.
Furthermore, while Appellant baldly contends that the police showed the
victim Appellant’s mugshot, photographs, and live video footage of the
incident prior to identifying Appellant, it is not entirely clear from the record
when, or under what conditions, the victim was shown any of these items.
The victim acknowledged that he was not shown “the actual videos, but
pictures and photos.” N.T., 5/4/2011, at 15. Appellant fails to support his
current claim with evidence that the police suggested Appellant’s identity to
the victim while he viewed such evidence before trial.
Moreover, we agree with the PCRA court’s assessment that even if there
were a tainted identification procedure, either at the preliminary hearing or
before trial, there was an independent basis to admit the victim’s in-court
identification. At trial, the victim testified that Appellant left him threatening
voicemail messages prior to the shooting. N.T., 5/4/2011, at 160. Based on
those messages, the victim recognized Appellant’s voice right before the
shooting. Id. at 45, 85-87, and 160. The victim also testified that he stood
face-to-face with Appellant and Appellant showed the victim a firearm tucked
into his waistband. Id. at 45-46, and 103-109. The victim first identified
Appellant at the preliminary hearing, approximately one month after the
shooting. Id. at 126. At trial, the victim testified that he was 100% certain
that Appellant was the person who made threatening telephone calls and the
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same person who approached him with a gun in his waistband on the day of
the incident. Id. at 161. As such, we agree that the in-court identification
was reliable and, thus, there is no merit to Appellant’s claim that counsel was
ineffective for failing to move to suppress identification evidence.
Finally, we conclude that Appellant failed to prove that he was
prejudiced by the victim’s identification. The Commonwealth presented
evidence of prior altercations with the victim at Appellant’s home, regarding
cellular telephone bills. Thus, the Commonwealth offered the jury a plausible,
retaliatory motive. Moreover, the victim’s wife witnessed the shooting and
positively identified Appellant’s brother and co-defendant as the shooter.
Multiple witnesses testified that the shooter and Appellant fled the scene
together in a gray Dodge Magnum. Upon investigation, police recovered a
gray Dodge Magnum near Appellant’s residence. The title to the vehicle listed
Appellant and his mother as co-purchasers. N.T., 5/4/2011, at 215.
Furthermore, the Commonwealth elicited testimony that Appellant
subsequently threatened the victim and his wife during a pre-trial conference.
Id. at 112-124. Appellant called the victim “a pussy” for testifying against
him and said, “I should have got you when I got the chance.” Id. at 75-75,
and 124. Hence, there was additional, overwhelming evidence linking
Appellant to the crime. As such, we agree that Appellant’s first claim fails.
Appellant’s second and third issues are inter-related claims pertaining
to purported newly discovered evidence based on an affidavit from
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Commonwealth witness, Maisie Suarez. As such, we will examine those issues
together. For both issues, Appellant relies on an affidavit dated January 18,
2017, wherein Commonwealth trial witness, Maisie Suarez, recanted and
clarified several portions of her trial testimony. Id. at 28. The thrust of
Appellant’s argument is that he is entitled to relief because the Commonwealth
procured Suarez’s trial testimony knowing that it was false. Specifically, in
his second issue presented, Appellant argues that PCRA counsel was
ineffective for failing to develop the newly discovered evidence argument in
Appellant’s second supplemental PCRA petition, and he should have received
new counsel. Id. at 21. In his third issue presented, Appellant argues the
merits of his after-discovered evidence claim based upon the Suarez affidavit.
Appellant’s Brief at 27-32. He claims that he is entitled to a new trial as a
result.
To obtain a new trial based on after-discovered evidence,
the defendant must prove, by a preponderance of the evidence,
that the evidence: (1) could not have been obtained before the
conclusion of trial by the exercise of reasonable diligence; (2) is
not merely corroborative or cumulative; (3) will not be
used solely to impeach a witness's credibility; and (4) would likely
result in a different verdict.
Commonwealth v. Murray, 174 A.3d 1147, 1153 (Pa. Super. 2017).
Recantation testimony is one of the least reliable forms of proof, particularly
when it constitutes an admission of perjury. Commonwealth v. Padillas,
997 A.2d 356, 366 (Pa. Super. 2010).
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Upon review, the Suarez affidavit and Appellant’s after-discovered
evidence claim were presented to the PCRA court in a counseled, second
supplemental PCRA petition filed on February 2, 2017 and are contained in
the certified record. As such, we conclude that the issue was squarely before
the PCRA court. In denying relief, the PCRA court stated:
[Appellant] presented an affidavit from [Maisie] Suarez, a
Commonwealth witness at trial. In her affidavit, this witness
claimed she could not remember if there were two or three men
responsible for shooting the victim. However, at trial, the witness
identified [Appellant] as the driver of the Dodge Magnum and his
brother as the shooter. The witness also testified that the driver
had a gun in his hand [and] she heard about three to four
gunshots. When the shooting stopped, she saw the victim
collapse next to her car. No relief can be granted on this claim.
Even if the witness’s recantation was admitted, [Appellant] cannot
show that it would have resulted in a different outcome. Given
the overwhelming evidence presented by the Commonwealth,
which included eyewitness testimony from the victim’s wife, a
former paramour of [Appellant], Suarez’s recanted testimony
would not lead to a different result if a new trial was granted.
PCRA Court Opinion, 10/29/2017, at 12 (record citations omitted).
We agree. Upon review of Suarez’s affidavit, we discern she did not
recant any trial statements that implicated Appellant in the shooting. Suarez
still identified Appellant’s brother and co-defendant as the shooter. Suarez
now claims that “a thinner guy” was driving the Dodge Magnum. Appellant
contends that at the time of the shooting he was 280 pounds and, therefore,
he was not thin and it could not have been him. Appellant’s Brief at 29. Upon
review, however, the slight deviations from Suarez’s trial testimony as
reflected in her subsequent affidavit would only serve to impeach Suarez at
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trial on minor inconsistent statements. Moreover, Suarez still claims that
Appellant was at the crime scene when the victim was shot, despite now
claiming that there were additional people present. Such evidence simply
does not exculpate Appellant or otherwise support Appellant’s claim that the
Commonwealth presented knowingly false evidence at trial. Moreover, as
discussed at length above, there was additional, overwhelming evidence tying
Appellant to the crimes. For this additional reason, Appellant has failed to
show that the outcome of trial would have been different with Suarez’s
recanted testimony. Accordingly, the PCRA court did not err in denying
Appellant relief on his second and third claims presented.
Finally, Appellant argues that effective appellate review was impossible
in this case because the certified record is incomplete. Appellant argues that
“the inventory list of record documents does not reflect that the preliminary
hearing transcript dated May 3, 2010, trial transcript[s] dated May 4 through
10, 2011, PNC Bank ATM photographs dated April 2, 2010, police photo array
dated April 2, 2010, Wine and Spirit video footage dated April 2, 2010, and
PCRA hearing transcript dated July 21, 2017, [were] certified and forwarded
to the appellate court.” Appellant’s Brief at 35.
We have held:
Our law is unequivocal that the responsibility rests upon the
appellant to ensure that the record certified on appeal is complete
in the sense that it contains all of the materials necessary for the
reviewing court to perform its duty.
* * *
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In the absence of specific indicators that a relevant document
exists but was inadvertently omitted from the certified record, it
is not incumbent upon this Court to expend time, effort and
manpower scouting around judicial chambers or the various
prothonotaries' offices of the courts of common pleas for the
purpose of unearthing transcripts, exhibits, letters, writs or PCRA
petitions that well may have been presented to the trial court but
never were formally introduced and made part of the
certified record. If, however, a copy of a document has been
placed into the reproduced record, or if notes of testimony are
cited specifically by the parties or are listed in the record inventory
certified to this Court, then we have reason to believe that such
evidence exists. In this type of situation, we might well make
an informal inquiry to see if there was an error in transmitting the
certified record to this Court. We might also formally remand the
matter to the trial court to ascertain whether notes of testimony
or other documentation can be located and transmitted. If a
remand is necessary, it is appropriate to direct the trial court to
determine why the necessary documentation was omitted from
the certified record.
Commonwealth v. Preston, 904 A.2d 1, 7–8 (Pa. Super. 2006).
Initially, we note that Appellant filed a pro se application to remand the
matter to the PCRA court for the correction and modification of the record with
this Court. By per curiam order entered on November 13, 2017, we denied
Appellant’s request “without prejudice to Appellant’s right to apply directly to
the PCRA court for relief for purposes of viewing, correcting and/or
supplementing the certified record.” Per Curiam Order, 11/13/2017. To date,
we have not received any supplementation of the record. However, because
the PCRA court, the trial court, and this Court on direct appeal cited the various
notes of testimony, we informally located them and incorporated them into
the record. Moreover, despite his claim to the contrary, the Suarez affidavit
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was attached to the second supplemental PCRA petition and contained in the
certified record. Accordingly, our appellate review was unhampered and we
conclude that Appellant is not entitled to relief on his final claim.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 10/9/18
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