[Cite as C.S. v. J.M., 2018-Ohio-4416.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 106905
C.S.
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
J.M., SR.
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Civil Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CV-16-867823
BEFORE: McCormack, P.J., S. Gallagher, J., and Blackmon, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 1, 2018
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Richard Tadd Pinkston
441 W. Bagley Road, Suite 283
Berea, OH 44017
FOR APPELLEE
C.S., pro se
6490 Dale Drive
Brookpark, OH 44142
TIM McCORMACK, P.J.:
{¶1} Plaintiff-appellee C.S. obtained a civil stalking protection order against
defendant-appellant J.M. J.M. subsequently filed a motion to modify the protection order, and
he now appeals from the trial court’s journal entry denying this motion to modify. For the
reasons that follow, we affirm.
Procedural and Factual History
{¶2} J.M. has been involved in litigation over the custody of N.M. and R.M., his
paternal grandchildren (“the grandchildren”) for several years. While the juvenile court
proceedings are not the subject of this appeal, the procedural history is directly relevant to this
case. On December 16, 2014, the Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family
Services (“CCDCFS”) filed a complaint for dependency and temporary custody of the
grandchildren. The complaint alleged substance abuse by the children’s parents. On January
9, 2015, the court held a hearing and a magistrate granted emergency temporary custody to the
agency.
{¶3} On January 12, 2015, J.M. filed a motion to intervene and a motion to set an
emergency custody hearing. The court denied both motions, finding that J.M., as a grandfather,
lacked statutory standing to intervene in the case. On January 25, 2015, the court adopted the
magistrate’s January 9, 2015 decision granting emergency custody of the children to the agency.
In March 2015, the court granted the agency’s motion for temporary custody and placed the
children in foster care.
{¶4} On May 27, 2015, J.M. filed a second motion to intervene. The court denied this
motion. On November 16, 2015, CCDCFS filed a motion to modify temporary custody to
permanent custody. On January 15, 2016, J.M. filed a motion for legal custody of the children.
In February 2016, the children’s mother died of a drug overdose. On April 1, 2016, J.M. filed a
third motion to intervene. The court again denied this motion, and J.M. appealed.
{¶5} This court remanded the case, finding that the lower court had abused its
discretion by summarily denying J.M.’s motion to intervene without holding a hearing. In re
N.M., 2016-Ohio-7967, 74 N.E.3d 852, ¶ 21 (8th Dist.) On remand, the lower court granted
J.M.’s motion to intervene.
{¶6} While the custody proceedings were ongoing, the children were placed in several
foster homes. One of the placements was with C.S. J.M. and C.S. had a contentious
relationship. C.S. did not allow J.M. to visit the children at her home, nor did she allow the
children to contact J.M. In response to repeated unwanted contact from J.M., on August 18,
2016, C.S. filed a petition for a civil stalking protection order. The court held an ex parte
hearing on September 1, 2016. It held a full hearing on this petition on October 14, 2016, and
subsequently issued a protection order. The protection order applies to C.S., N.M., and R.M.,
and two other children who are foster children of C.S and are unrelated to J.M.
{¶7} On November 14, 2016, J.M. appealed the granting of the protection order. On
January 31, 2017, J.M. voluntarily dismissed this appeal.
{¶8} On March 28, 2017, J.M. filed a motion to modify the protection order, arguing
that it was no longer equitable to extend the order to his grandchildren, as the order prevented
him from participating in the ongoing custody proceedings. The court held this motion in
abeyance pending the resolution of the juvenile court proceedings, noting in a journal entry that
the “order was never meant to restrict [J.M.’s] rights to intervene in the dependency case or
visitation rights * * *.”
{¶9} On July 20, 2017, the juvenile court held a hearing on the agency’s motion for
permanent custody and subsequently granted that motion and denied J.M.’s motion for legal
custody. J.M. appealed. This court upheld the judgment granting permanent custody to the
agency. In re N.M., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106130, 2018-Ohio-1099.
{¶10} On January 24, 2018, J.M., represented by a new attorney, filed a motion to modify
the order. The court held a hearing on this motion on February 20, 2018, in which it heard from
J.M.’s attorney, J.M., and the guardian ad litem (“GAL”). No other parties were present at the
hearing or made an appearance before the court.
{¶11} During the hearing, the GAL informed the court that the children were no longer
living with C.S. The GAL testified that the children are living with relatives in Michigan, and
the children, along with the members of their household in Michigan, are protected persons
named in a protection order against J.M. in the state of Michigan. The GAL also testified that
in light of the steps taken by the Michigan relatives to ensure the children’s safety, she did not
see a need for the protection order in the state of Ohio. She did, however, disagree with J.M.’s
assertion that his previous conduct had been in the children’s best interest.
{¶12} The court stated at the hearing that it was going to deny the motion, stating “my
findings of fact were clear that [J.M.] caused distress and/or the belief in [C.S.] that he would
cause harm to herself or to her property, and mostly it was distress based on the evidence that I
recall.” A journal entry denying the motion to modify was issued that day.
{¶13} It is from this journal entry that J.M. appeals, presenting the follow assignments of
error for our review:
I. The lower court erred in extending the civil protection order to Appellant’s
grandchildren because they were not part of Appellee’s family or household under
R.C. 3113.31.
II. The lower court erred in determining that sufficient evidence existed to warrant
the continuation of the CPO.
Law and Analysis
{¶14} J.M. argues that it was error for the court to include his grandchildren as protected
persons in the protection order because foster children are not explicitly included in the definition
of family or household under R.C. 3113.31. He also argues that the court erred in determining
that sufficient evidence existed to warrant the continuation of the protection order.
{¶15} To the extent that J.M.’s first assignment of error is an appeal from the trial court’s
granting of the protection order, this argument is barred by res judicata. App.R. 28 allows a
party to voluntarily dismiss an appeal. Unlike the analogous Civ.R. 41(A), however, App.R. 28
does not provide for a voluntary dismissal without prejudice, and a litigant does not have a right
to a second appeal. Irwin v. Lloyd, 65 Ohio St. 55, 61, 61 N.E. 157 (1901). A voluntary
dismissal of an appeal will always be with prejudice, thereby barring any subsequent litigation of
the matter due to res judicata. Id.
{¶16} R.C. 2903.14(C) authorizes individuals to seek relief in the form of a civil
protection order against a person alleged to have violated R.C. 2903.211, menacing by stalking.
If a petitioner establishes, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the respondent’s conduct
satisfies the elements of R.C. 2903.211, a protection order is appropriate.
{¶17} While there are no provisions in R.C. 2903.214 requiring a trial court to hold a
hearing on a motion to modify or terminate a protection order, courts have held that trial courts
may review protection orders granted under the statute. Sheerer v. Billak, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 104879, 2017-Ohio-1556, ¶ 11, citing Cipriani v. Ehlert, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103767,
2016-Ohio-5840, ¶ 7, and Jones v. Hunter, 11th Dist. Portage No. 2008-P-0015, 2009-Ohio-917,
¶ 12. In these circumstances, “a trial court may modify a CSPO if the movant shows that the
original circumstances have materially changed and it is no longer equitable for the order to
continue.” Cipriani at ¶ 7, citing Prostejovsky v. Prostejovsky, 5th Dist. Ashland No.
06-COA-033, 2007-Ohio-5743.
{¶18} Because a trial court has discretion to modify or terminate a protection order, our
review of a court’s denial of a motion to modify a protection order is limited to whether the trial
court abused that discretion. Delaine v. Smith, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103860,
2016-Ohio-5250, ¶ 16, citing Hayberg v. Tamburello, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2013 AP 02
0011, 2013-Ohio-3451, ¶ 25, citing Jones v. Rose, 4th Dist. Hocking No. 09CA7,
2009-Ohio-4347. “An abuse of discretion connotes more than an error of law or judgment; it
implies that the court’s attitude is unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable.” Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). When applying the abuse of
discretion standard, a reviewing court may not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court.
Berk v. Matthews, 53 Ohio St.3d 161, 169, 559 N.E. 2d 1301 (1990).
{¶19} After a thorough review of the record, we cannot conclude that the trial court
abused its discretion in denying J.M.’s motion to modify the protection order. The record in
this appeal includes the transcript from the February 20, 2018 hearing on J.M.’s motion to
modify the protection order. It does not include the transcript from the initial hearing on the
protection order. In the absence of a complete record from the trial court, we must presume
regularity in the proceedings. E. Cleveland v. Waters, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 91631,
2009-Ohio-3591, ¶ 8, citing Knapp v. Edwards Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 400 N.E.2d 384
(1980). At the hearing on the motion to modify, the court heard testimony from J.M., his
counsel, and the children’s GAL. This testimony included information regarding the children
moving from C.S.’s custody and residing with family in Michigan. The court also referred on
the record to its findings as a result of the initial hearing. We note that the children’s move, on
its own, could be considered a material change in circumstances. J.M., though, did not
convince the court with his argument as to why this particular change in circumstances rendered
the protection order no longer relevant and thereby inequitable. We therefore do not conclude
that the court’s denial of J.M.’s motion was an abuse of discretion.
{¶20} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas
court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
________________________________________
TIM McCORMACK, PRESIDING JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, J., and
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., CONCUR
C.S. v. J.M.
Combined Opinion