IN THE
TENTH COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-17-00101-CR
JAMES EDWARD JONES,
Appellant
v.
THE STATE OF TEXAS,
Appellee
From the 13th District Court
Navarro County, Texas
Trial Court No. D34884-CR
MEMORANDUM OPINION
James Edward Jones was convicted of burglary of a habitation and sentenced to 18
years in prison. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 30.02(c)(2) (West 2011). In three issues, Jones
contends he was egregiously harmed by the trial court’s failure to include three
instructions in its charge on punishment to the jury. Because Jones was not egregiously
harmed, we affirm the trial court’s judgment.
BACKGROUND
Jones was accused of burglarizing a camper/trailer in which Walter Hartsfield and
his wife would stay in overnight on most weekends. Two accomplices testified as to
Jones’s involvement in the burglary. Two other witnesses testified that Jones and one of
the accomplices sold televisions to them which were stolen from the camper/trailer.
PUNISHMENT INSTRUCTIONS
At the punishment phase of a trial, the trial court is required to include certain
instructions in the charge to the jury. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. ANN. art. 37.07, secs. 3
& 4 (West 2006). Jones asserts that three of these required instructions were omitted from
the charge to the jury at the punishment phase of his trial: the parole and good time
instruction, see id. sec. 4(c); the unanimous verdict instruction, see id. sec. 3(c); and the
extraneous offense/belief beyond a reasonable doubt instruction, see id. sec. 3(a)(1).
The State concedes that the jury charge was erroneous in that it omitted the
parole/good conduct time instruction and the unanimous verdict instruction. We agree.
See Luquis v. State, 72 S.W.3d 355, 363 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002) (parole/good conduct time
instruction); Sanchez v. State, 23 S.W.3d 30, 34 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (explaining that
article 37.07, § 3(c) requires the jury to unanimously agree as to the amount of punishment
for the purpose of ensuring “thorough jury deliberation does not cease once a simple
majority is achieved…”).
The State does contest the necessity of the extraneous offense/beyond a reasonable
doubt instruction, arguing no extraneous offense evidence was admitted during the
punishment phase of the trial. However, at the end of Jones’s testimony, he pointed to
an affidavit prepared by Amanda Henderson, an accomplice, in which she took
responsibility for an extraneous burglary, evidence of which was admitted during
Jones v. State Page 2
guilt/innocence, and informed the jury that “what she wrote here ain’t true.” On cross-
examination, the State asked Jones if he just told the jury that he committed the
extraneous burglary for which Amanda had taken responsibility. Jones replied, “She lied
about that. She didn’t do it. I did, yes.” Accordingly, because one of the complained-of
extraneous offenses was admitted in the punishment phase of Jones’s trial, the trial court
was required to instruct the jury on the reasonable doubt standard of proof concerning
the extraneous offense. Allen v. State, 47 S.W.3d 47, 50 (Tex. Crim. App. 2001); Huizar v.
State, 12 S.W.3d 479, 483, 484 (Tex. Crim. App. 2000) (op. on reh'g). Because the trial court
omitted the instruction, it erred.
Egregious Harm
Jones admits he made no objections to any of the complained-of omissions; and
the State does not disagree.1 Under Almanza v. State, unobjected-to jury charge error will
not result in reversal of a conviction in the absence of "egregious harm." Almanza v. State,
686 S.W.2d 157, 171 (Tex. Crim. App. 1985). Jury charge error is egregiously harmful if it
affects the very basis of the case, deprives the defendant of a valuable right, or vitally
affects a defensive theory. Stuhler v. State, 218 S.W.3d 706, 719 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). In
examining the record for egregious harm, we consider the entire jury charge, the state of
the evidence, the arguments of the parties, and any other relevant information revealed
by the record of the trial as a whole. Olivas v. State, 202 S.W.3d 137, 144 (Tex. Crim. App.
1
We cannot confirm that no objections were made to the charge on punishment because our record does
not include the charge conference at punishment. Because the State does not contest Jones’s admission, we
assume it is correct.
Jones v. State Page 3
2006). The purpose of this review is to illuminate the actual, not just theoretical, harm to
the accused. Almanza, 686 S.W.2d at 174; Allen v. State, 47 S.W.3d 47, 51 (Tex. App.—Fort
Worth 2001, pet. ref’d).
Application
Although the punishment charge consisted of only a few paragraphs, the charge
on guilt/innocence contained the appropriate definitions and instructions for the offense,
including extraneous offense/reasonable doubt and unanimous verdict instructions. At
guilt/innocence, Jones’s theory was that, because of his mental health disorders and the
violent nature of Amanda, Jones was not capable of committing the offense, but Amanda
was capable of committing the offense and blaming Jones for it. At the punishment
phase, the State introduced a long list of convictions Jones received over the years without
objection from Jones. Those convictions included burglary, false report, theft, criminal
mischief, criminal trespass, DWI, driving while license invalid, possession of marijuana,
possession of a controlled substance in a correctional facility, and violation of the Clean
Air Act (burning copper). Because they were convictions and not unadjudicated
extraneous offenses, they did not require further proof of Jones’s guilt beyond a
reasonable doubt. See Bluitt v. State, 137 S.W.3d 51, 54 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004). Jones also
admitted to being arrested for domestic violence and admitted to committing the
complained-of extraneous burglary.
Further, there was nothing in the record that shows the jury inquired about or
considered the effects of parole law or good conduct time. And, when the jury returned
its verdict on punishment, the trial court confirmed that the verdict was unanimous.
Jones v. State Page 4
Although Jones argues that, based on Ngo v. State, 175 S.W.3d 738 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005),
he was actually harmed due to the lack of a unanimity instruction, the State distinguished
Ngo, stating that unlike in Ngo, the trial court in this case did not specifically state, and
the prosecutor did not argue, that a unanimous punishment verdict was not required.2
CONCLUSION
Based on this record, we cannot say that Jones was egregiously harmed by the
omitted instructions. Accordingly, Jones’s three issues are overruled, and the trial court’s
judgment is affirmed.
TOM GRAY
Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Gray,
Justice Davis, and
Justice Scoggins
Affirmed
Opinion delivered and filed October 31, 2018
Do not publish
[CR25]
2
The Court’s record does not include the punishment charge conference, the reading of the charge, or the
arguments of counsel. Jones does not dispute the State’s characterization of the State’s argument; thus, we
accept the State’s characterization.
Jones v. State Page 5
James Edward Jones v. State
Combined Opinion