AFFIRMED and Opinion Filed December 12, 2018
S In The
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-18-00725-CV
IN THE INTEREST OF A.G. AND A.G., CHILDREN
On Appeal from the County Court At Law No. 1
Kaufman County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 97715CC
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Before Justices Bridges, Brown, and Boatright
Opinion by Justice Bridges
V.R.D. appeals the trial court’s denial of her petition in intervention in the underlying
proceeding that resulted in the termination of the parental rights of Mother and Father to their
children, A.G. and A.G. In two issues, V.R.D. argues the trial court erred in striking her petition
in intervention and appointing the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services permanent
managing conservator of the children. We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
On June 2, 2017, the Department filed its original petition seeking, among other things,
termination of Mother’s and Father’s parental rights and appointment of the Department as
permanent managing conservator of the children if the children could not be reunified with either
parent or placed with a relative or other suitable person.
On February 15, 2018, the trial court set this case for trial on May 24, 2018. On May 16,
2018, V.R.D. filed her petition in intervention seeking to have herself appointed sole managing
conservator of the children. On May 18, 2018, the Department filed its motion to strike V.R.D.’s
petition in intervention on the ground that the petition “asserts standing by merely referencing
Texas Family Code Section 102.004” and therefore “wholly fails to meet the pleading
requirements set forth by said section.” As a result, the Department argued, there was sufficient
cause to strike V.R.D.’s petition “for lack of standing and justiciable interest under the statutory
provisions outlined by the Texas Family Code.”
At trial on May 24, 2018, Department caseworker Rhonda Davis reported that mediation
in the case was unsuccessful, Father was incarcerated, and Mother had “not completed services or
submitted to drug testing.” The children were in a foster home where, “if the children were free
for adoption, they would wish to adopt these children.” V.R.D., twenty-four years old at the time
of trial, testified the children were placed with her for two weeks at the beginning of the case, but
she was told the children could no longer stay with her because she “had prior CPS history.”
V.R.D.’s prior history involved an “altercation” between her husband and his brother. As a result,
V.R.D. had to attend counseling. When asked why she “wait[ed] so late to hire a lawyer,” V.R.D.
responded that she thought “there was just no hope” because she had been told she could not have
custody of the children because of her “CPS case.” On cross-examination, V.R.D. testified her
husband had been “hospitalized for mental health,” he had “struggled with anger,” and he “got into
an altercation with his aunt.” V.R.D.’s husband was prescribed medications, but he no longer took
medication because he had “gotten better.” V.R.D. testified she had been diagnosed with
depression but did not take medication because “[t]hat was a long time ago.” V.R.D. testified she
had a four-year-old son, a six-year-old son, and a two-year-old daughter. Both Mother and Father
testified that they approved of V.R.D. filing a petition for intervention asking the trial court to give
her managing conservatorship of the children. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court
entered oral findings that the petition for intervention was untimely, and the statutory requirements
had not been met. Therefore, the trial court denied leave to intervene and granted the Department’s
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motion to strike the plea for intervention. That same day, the trial court signed an order granting
the Department’s motion to strike, dismissing V.R.D. and her pleadings, and denying any and all
relief V.R.D. requested.
V.R.D. filed a motion to reconsider her petition for intervention. V.R.D. argued the trial
court abused its discretion in striking her plea in intervention because she met the factors set forth
in Guaranty Federal Savings Bank v. Horseshoe Operating Co., 793 S.W.2d 652, 657 (Tex. 1990),
a case analyzing a party’s right to intervene under Rule 60 of the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure
then in effect. The motion also cited In re S.B., No. 02–11–00081–CV, 2011 WL 856963 (Tex.
App.—Fort Worth, March 11, 2011, orig. proceeding) for the proposition that consent of both
parents gave an intervenor standing under Texas Family Code section 102.004(a)(2). On June 5,
2018, the trial court signed an order denying V.R.D.’s motion to reconsider. This appeal followed.
In her first issue, V.R.D. argues the trial court erred in striking her petition for intervention.
Specifically, V.R.D. argues she had standing to intervene under Texas Family Code section
102.004(a)(2) because Mother and Father consented to the intervention. In addition, V.R.D. argues
her petition was timely, and the trial court abused its discretion in striking her plea in intervention
because she met the factors set forth in Guaranty Federal. In making these arguments, V.R.D.
does not address the issue of whether she had standing under section 102.004(b) of the family
code.
In pertinent part, section 102.004 provides as follows:
§ 102.004. Standing for Grandparent or Other Person
(a) In addition to the general standing to file suit provided by Section 102.003, a
grandparent, or another relative of the child related within the third degree by
consanguinity, may file an original suit requesting managing conservatorship if
there is satisfactory proof to the court that:
(1) the order requested is necessary because the child's present circumstances would
significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional development; or
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(2) both parents, the surviving parent, or the managing conservator or custodian
either filed the petition or consented to the suit.
(b) An original suit requesting possessory conservatorship may not be filed by a
grandparent or other person. However, the court may grant a grandparent or other
person deemed by the court to have had substantial past contact with the child leave
to intervene in a pending suit filed by a person authorized to do so under this
subchapter if there is satisfactory proof to the court that appointment of a parent as
a sole managing conservator or both parents as joint managing conservators would
significantly impair the child's physical health or emotional development.
TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 102.004(a), (b). Thus, under family code section 102.004(b), the trial
court may grant leave to intervene to grandparents and those “deemed by the court to have had
substantial past contact with the child.” See Id.
We review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to strike a petition in intervention for abuse of
discretion. See Mendez v. Brewer, 626 S.W.2d 498, 499 (Tex. 1982); In re J.P., 196 S.W.3d 434,
440 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2006, no pet.). A trial court abuses its discretion if it acts in an
unreasonable or arbitrary manner, “without reference to any guiding rules or principles.”
Beaumont Bank, NA v. Buller, 806 S.W.2d 223, 226 (Tex. 1991) (quoting Downer v. Aquamarine
Operators, Inc., 701 S.W.2d 238, 241-42 (Tex. 1985)). We will not reverse a trial court for abuse
of discretion because we disagree with its decision if that decision was within the court’s
discretionary authority. Id. A trial court has no discretion in determining what the law is or in
applying the law to the facts. Baylor Coll. of Med. v. Camberg, 247 S.W.3d 342, 345 (Tex. App.—
Houston [14th Dist.] 2008, pet. denied).
Generally, intervention in a lawsuit is allowed as a matter of right; permission by the trial
court is not required. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 60; Smith v. City of Garland, 523 S.W.3d 234, 241
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2017, no pet.); Prototype Mach. Co. v. Boulware, 292 S.W.3d 169, 172 (Tex.
App.—San Antonio 2009, no pet.). However, in suits affecting the parent-child relationship,
where the child’s best interest is “always” the court’s primary consideration, the circumstances
under which a person may intervene is left to the trial court’s discretion. See TEX. FAM. CODE
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ANN. §§ 102.004(b), 153.002 (West 2014); In re M.T., 21 S.W.3d 925, 927 (Tex. App.—Beaumont
2000, no pet.).
A person seeking conservatorship of a child must have standing to bring suit. In re I.I.G.T.,
412 S.W.3d 803, 805 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2013, no pet.); In re M.K.S.–V., 301 S.W.3d 460, 463
(Tex. App.—Dallas 2009, pet. denied). Standing is a component of subject-matter jurisdiction and
is a constitutional prerequisite to maintaining a lawsuit. See Tex. Ass’n of Bus. v. Tex. Air Control
Bd., 852 S.W.2d 440, 443–44 (Tex. 1993); M.K.S.–V., 301 S.W.3d at 463. We review standing
under the same standard we use for subject-matter jurisdiction generally: whether the pleader
alleged facts that affirmatively demonstrated the court’s jurisdiction to hear the cause. Tex. Ass’n
of Bus., 852 S.W.2d at 446; M.K.S.–V., 301 S.W.3d at 463.
Standing in a suit affecting the child-parent relationship (SAPCR) is governed by the
family code, and a party bringing a SAPCR must plead and establish standing under the family
code’s provisions. I.I.G.T., 412 S.W.3d at 806. If the party fails to do so, the trial court must
dismiss the suit. Id. A party’s standing to pursue a cause of action is a question of law. Id. Section
102.004(b) governs the question whether a party attempting to intervene in a pending SAPCR has
established standing to do so. In re E.C., No. 05-17-00723-CV, 2017 WL 6505867, at *4 (Tex.
App.—Dallas Dec. 20, 2017, no pet.); see In re Derzapf, 219 S.W.3d 327, 332 (Tex. 2007) (family
code’s specific standing requirements control over general standing provision). Section
102.004(b) applies to a person who seeks to intervene in a pending suit even if the person may
have had standing to bring an original suit. In re E.C., 2017 WL 6505867, at *4.
Here, we assume without deciding that V.R.D.’s petition was timely. V.R.D. argues she
had standing to intervene under Texas Family Code section 102.004(a)(2) because Mother and
Father consented to the intervention. Section 102.004(a)(2) pertains to original suits brought by
grandparents or other persons and permits such original suits if, among other things, the person
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bringing suit proves both parents consented to the suit. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 102.004(a).
However, section 102.004(b) governs the question whether V.R.D., as a party attempting to
intervene in a pending SAPCR, established standing to do so. In re E.C., 2017 WL 6505867, at
*4. Section 102.004(b) applies to V.R.D.’s attempt to intervene in the underlying suit even if she
may have had standing to bring an original suit. Id. Thus, Mother and Father’s consent were not
relevant to the issue of whether V.R.D. had standing under section 102.004(b). See TEX. FAM.
CODE ANN. § 102.004(b); In re E.C., 2017 WL 6505867, at *4. Similarly, Guaranty Federal was
not a SAPCR, and the factors set forth therein do not apply to a case under section 102.004(b).
See Guaranty Federal, 793 S.W.2d at 657; I.I.G.T., 412 S.W.3d at 806. Under these
circumstances, we conclude the trial court did not abuse its discretion in striking V.R.D.’s petition
in intervention. See Mendez, 626 S.W.2d at 499. We overrule V.R.D.’s first issue.
In her second issue, V.R.D. argues the trial court erred in appointing the Department
permanent managing conservator of the children. However, because V.R.D. was dismissed as a
party for lack of standing, and we have determined the trial court did not err in doing so, we will
not consider V.R.D.’s argument concerning the appointment of the Department as managing
conservator. See In re J.S., No. 2-04-277-CV, 2005 WL 1693537, at *3 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
July 21, 2005, no pet.) (refusing to consider grandmother’s challenge to Department’s appointment
as managing conservator where grandmother dismissed as party for lack of standing).
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/David L. Bridges/
DAVID L. BRIDGES
JUSTICE
180725F.P05
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S
Court of Appeals
Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
JUDGMENT
IN THE INTEREST OF A.G. AND A.G., On Appeal from the County Court At Law
CHILDREN No. 1, Kaufman County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 97715CC.
No. 05-18-00725-CV Opinion delivered by Justice Bridges.
Justices Brown and Boatright participating.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is
AFFIRMED.
It is ORDERED that each party bear its own costs of this appeal.
Judgment entered December 12, 2018.
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