J-A28016-18
2019 PA Super 42
IN RE: ELSIE DELEVIE : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: RAYMOND DELEVIE, :
M.D. :
:
:
:
: No. 660 MDA 2018
Appeal from the Order Entered March 22, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Centre County Orphans' Court at No(s):
1417-0339
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., OLSON, J., and MUSMANNO, J.
OPINION BY OLSON, J.: FILED FEBRUARY 15, 2019
Appellant, Raymond deLevie, M.D., appeals pro se from the order
entered on March 22, 2018, removing him and appointing Alvin deLevie
(Petitioner), as health care power of attorney for their mother, Elsie deLevie
(Mother). We affirm.
The trial court summarized the facts of this case as follows:
Mother is 96 years old and has resided at Foxdale Retirement
Community (Foxdale) since February 27, 2007. Mother resides in
Anthony House at Foxdale, which provides 24 hour skilled nursing
care and assistance with daily activities. Mother has had medical
and nursing care provided to her by Foxdale staff including Rodney
Selpich, M.D. (Dr. Selpich), the medical director. Mother
appointed [Appellant], who has a medical degree, to be her Health
Care Agent and Petitioner to be her Alternative Health Care Agent
in a document titled Combined Living Will and Health Care Power
of Attorney.
[Appellant] acted as the Health Care Agent during Mother’s stay
at Foxdale, and attempted to work with the nursing staff and Dr.
Selpich. Following Mother’s fall on September 9, 2014, Mother
was injured and required the use of a wheelchair and assistance
getting in and out of bed and to use the bathroom. [Appellant]
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became increasingly difficult for Foxdale staff to accommodate
and work with, and he has intimidated and threatened nursing
staff. [Appellant] demanded access to information regarding
Mother’s call bell records and when Foxdale was slow in providing
him this information, he threatened to file a report with regulators.
[Appellant] was eventually provided [with] the information but
[he] continued to demand more information which Foxdale was
not obligated to provide, including notes made by nurses
regarding Mother’s condition.
The main point of contention between [Appellant] and Foxdale
involved the method nurses would use to transfer Mother from her
bed to the wheelchair. [Appellant] insisted on the use of a Beasy
Board, while Foxdale preferred a Hoyer Hoist. Foxdale informed
[Appellant] the hoist was easier and presented less risk to Mother,
and was faster and safer for the nurses assisting with the transfer.
[Appellant] alleged Foxdale was committing what he termed
battery by using the Hoyer Hoist and refused to discuss the use of
anything but the Beasy Board.
On March 17, 2017, [Appellant] surreptitiously recorded two
nurses transferring Mother out of her bed using the Hoyer Hoist.
[Appellant] did not have permission from Foxdale to record the
nurses. During a March 22, 2017 phone conference, [Appellant]
berated Foxdale staff members and reiterated his assertion
Foxdale was committing battery and admitted to recording
Foxdale staff using the Hoyer Hoist on Mother. In order to
appease [Appellant] and determine the best method for
transferring Mother, Foxdale offered to have a neutral third party
mediate the dispute. Foxdale suggested Dr. Richard Allatt to see
Mother and make a determination whether the Hoyer Hoist was
appropriate or if the Beasy Board would be a safer alternative.
[Appellant] called Dr. Allatt and spent nearly 25 minutes on the
[tele]phone with him and ultimately refused to permit Dr. Allatt to
see Mother. Foxdale sent [Appellant] a cease and desist letter on
March 24, 2017 asking him to refrain from making any further
recordings and to delete the recording he had already made.
Petitioner intervened and suggested [Appellant] choose three
local physicians who could act as mediators from which Foxdale
would choose one to mediate the dispute. [Appellant] refused to
provide any names.
On June 19, 2017, Dr. Sepich informed Mother he would not be
her healthcare provider effective in thirty days because of
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[Appellant’s] interference with Dr. Sepich’s treatment of Mother.
Petitioner filed [a] petition [to remove Appellant and appoint
Petitioner as a new Health Care Power of Attorney on June 29,
2017] and [an] associated [p]reliminary [i]njunction to prevent
Mother from having to seek medical care outside of Foxdale’s
onsite staff, which would require transportation to offsite medical
providers. Petitioner argue[d that] losing Dr. Sepich’s treatment
would be deleterious to Mother’s health and possibly result in
Mother having to move from Foxdale. Foxdale and Dr. Sepich []
stated that they [would] continue to treat Mother if [Appellant
was] no longer her Health Care Agent.
Trial Court Opinion, 3/22/2018, at 2-3.
As briefly stated above, Petitioner filed a motion for a preliminary
injunction on June 29, 2017. In that motion, “Petitioner request[ed] that
[Appellant] be preliminarily enjoined from acting as Health Care Power of
Attorney in order to prevent immediate and irreparable harm to [Mother].”
Motion for Preliminary Injunction, 6/29/2017, at 3 ¶12. “Petitioner
request[ed] that he be granted status as Health Care Power of Attorney for
[Mother] pending a hearing” on the petition to remove Appellant. Id. at ¶16.
On June 29, 2017, the trial court entered an order enjoining Appellant “from
acting as Health Care Power of Attorney for [Mother] and [appointing
Petitioner] as the Health Care Power of Attorney for [Mother] until further
order[.]” Trial Court Order, 6/29/2017, at *1.
The trial court held hearings on the petition to remove Appellant on
August 31, 2017 and October 23, 2017. The trial court granted relief by
opinion and order entered on March 22, 2018, removing Appellant as Mother’s
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health care power of attorney and appointing Petitioner in his stead.1 This
timely appeal resulted.2
On appeal, Appellant presents the following issues, pro se, for our
review:
1. Did the trial court accurately state the procedural history of this
case?
2. Did the trial court commit an error of law and deny [Appellant]
due process in interpreting 20 Pa.C.S. § 5454(d) when it (1)
allowed [P]etitioner to amend his original § 461(e) petition,
and (2) immediately revoked [M]other’s health care power of
attorney?
3. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by granting [P]etitioner’s
motion for a preliminary injunction, when [P]etitioner failed to
prove all of the “essential prerequisites” necessary to obtain
such injunctive relief?
4. Did the trial court’s findings of fact constitute an abuse of
discretion? E.g. capricious disregard of evidence; lack of
evidentiary support; manifestly unreasonable; overriding or
misapplication of the 1987 Nursing Home Reform Act, 42
U.S.C. § 1395i-3 (the nursing home Act), and the associated
42 CFR Part 483 regulations, the American Medical
Association’s Ethical Opinion 1.1.3 recognizing a patient’s right
to continuity of care, and the Pennsylvania Wiretap Act?
5. Whether the trial court’s factual and legal conclusion, that it
would not be in [M]other’s best interest for [A]ppellant to serve
as health care agent, is premature, denied [A]ppellant due
process and discovery as to the merits of the § 5461(e) petition
____________________________________________
1 Because the order at issue changed the status of a fiduciary, it was a final
order subject to immediate appeal. See Pa.R.A.P. 342(a)(5).
2 Appellant filed a notice of appeal on April 19, 2018 and complied timely
with the trial court’s direction to file a concise statement of errors complained
of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). The trial court issued a second
opinion pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) on June 7, 2018.
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to disqualify, is not supported by “clear evidence,” and is
erroneous as a matter of law?
6. Whether the trial court’s immediate disqualification of
[A]ppellant, without notice or a hearing, as [M]other’s health
care representative, in the future, violates due process?
7. Whether it was an abuse of discretion for the trial court not to
reopen the record, to admit into evidence the December 1,
2017 violations report from the Department of Human
Services, regarding [M]other’s care at Foxdale Village, in light
of the court’s negative statement in its initial opinion that
[A]ppellant “threatened to file a report with regulators[?]”
8. Did the trial court abuse its discretion by (1) curtailing the
hearing on October 23, 2017 – without prior notice or
explanation – thereby limiting [A]ppellant’s testimony, (2)
refusing to allow the court reporter to note this curtailment in
the transcript, and (3) denying his motion to include, in the
record, his affidavit regarding this curtailment[?]
Appellant’s Brief at 18-20.
Initially, we note that Appellant’s lengthy brief violates our rules of
appellate procedure. “A principal [appellate] brief shall not exceed 14,000
words and [a] party shall file a certificate of compliance with the word count
limit if the principal brief is longer than 30 pages.” Pa.R.A.P. 2135. “The
certification requirement is not limited to counsel: Pro se litigants, too, are
obliged to provide a certification for a primary brief that exceeds thirty pages.”
Commonwealth v. Spuck, 86 A.3d 870, 873 (Pa. Super. 2014), citing
Pa.R.A.P. 2135(d) (“[T]he attorney or the unrepresented filing party shall
include a certification that the brief complies with the word count limits.”
(emphasis added)). Here, Appellant’s brief is 79 pages long, clearly in excess
of 14,000 words, and Appellant has failed to file a certificate of compliance
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pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 2135. While we construe pro se filings liberally, we
remind Appellant that pro se litigants must comply substantially with our rules
of procedure, as this Court cannot act as counsel. Spuck, 86 A.3d at 874.
However, in this instance, Appellant’s defective brief has not hampered our
review and, thus, we will we examine Appellant’s claims on their merits. While
Appellant presents eight issues for review, we will consolidate and reorganize
them when appropriate for ease of discussion and brevity.
Our standard of review is as follows:
Our standard of review of the findings of an Orphans' Court is
deferential. When reviewing a decree entered by the Orphans'
Court, this Court must determine whether the record is free from
legal error and the court's factual findings are supported by the
evidence. Because the Orphans' Court sits as the fact-finder, it
determines the credibility of the witnesses and, on review, we will
not reverse its credibility determinations absent an abuse of that
discretion. However, we are not constrained to give the same
deference to any resulting legal conclusions. The Orphans' Court
decision will not be reversed unless there has been an abuse of
discretion or a fundamental error in applying the correct principles
of law. This Court's standard of review of questions of law is de
novo, and the scope of review is plenary, as we may review the
entire record in making our determination. When we review
questions of law, our standard of review is limited to determining
whether the trial court committed an error of law.
In re Fiedler, 132 A.3d 1010, 1018 (Pa. Super. 2016)(internal citations and
quotations omitted).
In his first issue presented, Appellant contends that the trial court
misstated the procedural history of this case. He claims that the hearings on
August 31, 2017 and October 23, 2017 were held on the preliminary
injunction, but the trial court was actually considering the petition for
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disqualification and removal. Appellant’s Brief at 48-51. As such, Appellant
suggests that he was denied due process of law by being haled into court to
defend himself on a basis other than the stated or noticed purpose of the
hearing. Id. Appellant’s fifth and sixth issues similarly challenge the trial
court’s actions as violating his right to due process. Id. at 76.
Initially we note that a hearing regarding the motion for preliminary
injunction was simply not required under the law:
The party seeking an injunction need not prove the merits of the
underlying claim, but need only show that substantial legal
questions must be resolved to determine the rights of the
respective parties.
* * *
The law with respect to hearings and preliminary injunctions is
clear. It provides:
A court shall issue a preliminary or special injunction
only after written notice and hearing unless it appears
to the satisfaction of the court that immediate and
irreparable harm will be sustained before notice can
be given or a hearing held, in which case the court
may issue a preliminary or special injunction without
a hearing or without notice. In determining whether a
preliminary or special injunction should be granted
and whether notice or a hearing should be required,
the court may act on the basis of the averments of the
pleadings or petition and may consider affidavits of
parties or third persons or any other proof which the
court may require.
Pa.R.Civ.P. 1531(a).
A hearing simply is not required under the law.
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Walter v. Stacy, 837 A.2d 1205, 1209–1210 (Pa. Super. 2003) (internal case
citations, quotations, and original emphasis omitted). In this case, the trial
court entered an order granting the preliminary injunction on the same day
Petitioner requested it. Thus, at the time of the hearings on the petition to
remove, the preliminary injunction was already in effect. The only remaining
issue before the trial court was whether Appellant be removed and replaced
as Mother’s health care agent.
Moreover, upon our review of the record, despite the preliminary
injunction captions on the cover sheets of the transcribed proceedings, at each
of the hearings it was clear that the parties were present to argue the petition
to remove. N.T., 8/31/2017, at 4; N.T., 10/23/2017, at 10-11. Counsel for
Petitioner noted that there was a preliminary injunction already in effect. N.T.,
8/31/2017, at 4. Moreover, at the end of the first proceeding, the trial court
scheduled a second hearing, but stated on the record that “[t]he injunction
will stay in effect.” Id. at 109. Importantly, from our review of the record,
Appellant never objected at these hearings that he did not get proper notice,
that the trial court denied him due process of law, that proceedings were
truncated, or that he was not prepared to defend the petition to remove.
Appellant further contends that the trial court erred by not reopening
the record to admit a “December 1, 2017 violation report of the Pennsylvania
Department of Human Services regarding [Mother’s] care in order to counter
[P]etitioner[’s] argument that a negative inference be drawn about
[Appellant’s] conduct because he ‘threatened to file’ a complaint with
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regulators.” Appellant’s Brief at 77. Because Appellant failed to cite any legal
authority to support his single paragraph, bald assertion, he waived this issue
for purposes of appellate review. See In re Estate of Whitley, 50 A.3d 203,
209 (Pa. Super. 2012) (citation omitted) (“This Court will not consider the
merits of an argument which fails to cite relevant case or statutory
authority.”). Moreover, “in reviewing the trial court's decision to reopen the
record, we determine whether the trial court committed an error of law [] or
abused its discretion.” Commonwealth v. Safka, 141 A.3d 1239, 1248 (Pa.
2016). On this issue, the trial court recognized that Appellant “was effectively
seeking to introduce additional evidence after the close of testimony” and “the
actual quality of care provided by Foxdale [was] not relevant to the matter[].”
Trial Court Opinion, 6/6/2018, at 5. We discern no abuse of discretion in
denying Appellant’s request to reopen the record. Appellant only offered the
document in question to bolster his own credibility and it was not material to
the issue before the trial court as to whether Appellant should be removed as
Mother’s health care power of attorney. For all of the foregoing reasons, we
discern no abuse of discretion or error of law in the trial court’s handling of
the proceedings or in its recitation of the procedural history of this case.
In his second issue presented, Appellant argues that the trial court erred
by allowing Petitioner to amend his original petition from an action to remove
under 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5461 (decisions by health care representative) to an
action brought pursuant to 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5454 (when health care power of
attorney operative). Appellant’s Brief at 54-59. Relying primarily on our
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decision in In re Estate of Border, 68 A.3d 946 (Pa. Super. 2013), Appellant
maintains that the trial court “had no authority under § 5454(d) to revoke
[Mother’s] health care power of attorney by which she had chosen [Appellant]
to be her agent and advocate.” Id. at 58. Appellant also asserts that he was
prejudiced by the late filing of the motion to amend and that “[P]etitioner was
not above board when he simply referred to § 5454 in his post-hearing brief,
as the matter was being submitted to the court for a decision based on
§ 5461(e).” Id.
“Leave to amend lies within the sound discretion of the trial court and
the right to amend should be liberally granted at any stage of the proceedings
unless there is an error of law or resulting prejudice to an adverse party.” Hill
v. Ofalt, 85 A.3d 540, 557 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation omitted). “The policy
underlying this rule of liberal leave to amend is to insure that parties get to
have their cases decided on the substantive case presented, and not on legal
formalities.” Id. (citation omitted). Despite Appellant’s contrary argument,
effective July 8, 2016, Section 5454(d) provided that the trial court may
remove a health care power of attorney. See 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5454(d) (“the
health care power of attorney is valid until revoked by [… t]he court”);
compare 20 Pa.C.S.A. § 5461(e) (“the court may disqualify for cause shown
an individual otherwise eligible to serve as a health care representative”). As
such, Appellant’s reliance on Estate of Border, a decision rendered prior to
the July 2016 amendment to Section 5454, is misplaced.
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In permitting amendment, the trial court stated that Appellant “is not
surprised by the amendment to the petition at this stage of litigation[,]”
because the entire dispute centered around “remov[ing] Mother’s health care
agent and preventing [Appellant] from acting as the health care
representative for Mother through the duration of her life.” Trial Court
Opinion, 3/22/2018, at 4-5. The trial court determined that Appellant’s
opposition to the request to amend was “merely advocating for a legal
formality to dismiss the case after all the evidence had been presented.” Id.
Based upon our standard of review and the rules permitting liberal
amendment, we discern no abuse of discretion or error of law in permitting
Petitioner to amend his cause of action from reliance on Section 5461 to
Section 5454.
Thereafter, the trial court determined:
An individual may create a health care power of attorney in a
dated and signed agreement witnessed by two individuals. 20
Pa.C.S.A. § 5452. The health care power of attorney shall identify
the principal and appoint a health care agent. [20 Pa.C.S.A.]
§ 5453(a). The [c]ourt has the power to revoke the Health Care
Power of Attorney. [20 Pa.C.S.A.] § 5454(d)(2). The invalidity of
a specific direction does not negate the entirety of the Health Care
Power of Attorney, and the remaining portions continue to remain
in full effect. [20 Pa.C.S.A.] § 5454(c). Having [Appellant] remain
as Health Care Agent would impact Mother’s treatment because of
his full refusal to work with Foxdale staff resulting in Dr. Sepich
refusing to be Mother’s doctor while [Appellant] is the Health Care
Agent. It is in Mother’s best interest for Petitioner to be the Health
Care Agent and work with Foxdale to preserve Mother’s residency
and relationships. The portion of the Health Care Power of
Attorney naming [Appellant] as Health Care Agent is revoked and
Petitioner is appointed Health Care Agent.
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A health care power of attorney appoints a health care agent,
while a health care representative is an individual authorized
under § 5461 to make decisions for the principal in the absence
of a health care agent. [20 Pa.C.S.A.] § 5422. A Health Care
Representative may only act when there is no Health Care Agent,
or no Health Care Agent willing to act. [20 Pa.C.S.A.] § 5461. An
adult child may act as Health Care Representative. [20 Pa.C.S.A.]
§ 5461(d). […] A person may be disqualified from acting as
Health Care Representative by the court for cause shown. [20
Pa.C.S.A.] § 5461(e). Foxdale’s staff has stated they will not
continue to provide medical treatment to Mother while [Appellant]
is acting as her Health Care Agent or Representative. The [trial
court found] this is sufficient to disqualify [Appellant] from acting
as Health Care Representative, as it is in Mother’s best interest to
continue with her onsite doctors providing for her medical care.
Trial Court Opinion, 3/22/2018, at 4-5.
Upon review of the applicable statutory provisions and case law, we
discern no abuse of discretion or error of law. The trial court is permitted to
remove a health care agent or health care representative for cause shown.
Here, the trial court determined that Petitioner showed cause to remove
Appellant because he was not acting in Mother’s best interest with regard to
her medical care. The record supports that determination and we discern no
abuse of discretion or error of law.
Finally, we address Appellant’s argument that the trial court abused its
discretion by granting the preliminary injunction because Petitioner failed to
prove all of the essential prerequisites for an injunction. Appellant’s Brief at
59-67. Appellant maintains that the trial court’s findings of fact constituted
an abuse of discretion. Id. at 67-75. However, having already determined
Appellant was properly removed as health care power of attorney for Mother,
as set forth above, the preliminary injunction was no longer necessary. As
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such, Appellant’s challenge to the preliminary injunction is rendered moot.3
In re S.H., 71 A.3d 973, 976 (Pa. Super. 2013) (“If events occur to eliminate
the claim or controversy at any stage in the process, the [issue] becomes
moot.”).
____________________________________________
3 We would also find Appellant’s claim regarding the issuance of the
preliminary injunction without merit. A party seeking a preliminary injunction
must prove:
1) that the injunction is necessary to prevent immediate and
irreparable harm that cannot be adequately compensated by
damages; 2) that greater injury would result from refusing an
injunction than from granting it, and, concomitantly, that issuance
of an injunction will not substantially harm other interested parties
in the proceedings; 3) that a preliminary injunction will properly
restore the parties to their status as it existed immediately prior
to the alleged wrongful conduct; 4) that the activity it seeks to
restrain is actionable, that its right to relief is clear, and that the
wrong is manifest, or, in other words, must show that it is likely
to prevail on the merits; 5) that the injunction it seeks is
reasonably suited to abate the offending activity; and, 6) that a
preliminary injunction will not adversely affect the public interest.
Hendricks v. Hendricks, 175 A.3d 323, 330 (Pa. Super. 2017). In this case,
the trial court determined that “Mother would be irreparably harmed by no
longer having access to the onsite medical treatment at Foxdale.” Trial Court
Opinion, 6/6/2018, at 4. The trial court further opined that the preliminary
injunction “prevented greater injury and restored the parties to their status
prior to Dr. Sepich’s refusal to treat Mother due to [Appellant’s] involvement.”
Id. The trial court also noted that the preliminary injunction “properly
restrained an activity, the right to relief [was] clear, and Petitioner was likely
to succeed on the merits.” Id. The trial court determined that “[t]he
injunction was suited to prevent the harm, and [was] not adverse to the public
interest.” Id. We agree. The trial court carefully weighed all of the necessary
factors before properly granting the preliminary injunction.
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For all of the foregoing reasons, Appellant is not entitled to relief. As
such, we affirm the trial court’s order removing Appellant, and subsequently
appointing Petitioner, as health care power of attorney for Mother.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 02/15/2019
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