[Cite as State v. Cotto, 2019-Ohio-985.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
No. 107159
STATE OF OHIO
PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE
vs.
JAVIER B. COTTO
DEFENDANT-APPELLANT
JUDGMENT:
AFFIRMED
Criminal Appeal from the
Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-17-621437-A
BEFORE: Headen, J., S. Gallagher, P.J., and E.A. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 21, 2019
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Oscar E. Rodriguez
1223 West 6th Street, Suite 303
Cleveland, OH 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
Michael C. O’Malley
Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
Patrick J. Lavelle
Assistant County Prosecutor
Justice Center, 9th Floor
1200 Ontario Street
Cleveland, OH 44113
RAYMOND C. HEADEN, J.:
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Javier B. Cotto (“Cotto”) appeals from his sentence following
a guilty plea. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
Procedural and Factual History
{¶2} On September 26, 2017, Cotto and his nephew, codefendant Josean Navarro
(“Navarro”) were charged in a ten-count indictment. Cotto was charged as follows: one count of
trafficking, a felony of the first degree, in violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(2), with a major drug
offender specification, a one-year firearm specification, and various forfeiture specifications; one
count of drug possession, a felony of the first degree, in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A), with a
major drug offender specification, a one-year firearm specification, and various forfeiture
specifications; one count of trafficking, a felony of the third degree, in violation of R.C.
2925.03(A)(2), with a one-year firearm specification and various forfeiture specifications; one
count of drug possession, a felony of the third degree, in violation of R.C. 2925.11(A)(2), with a
one-year firearm specification and various forfeiture specifications; and one count of possessing
criminal tools, a felony of the fifth degree, in violation of R.C. 2923.24(A), with various
forfeiture specifications.
{¶3} On September 28, 2017, Cotto was declared indigent and counsel was appointed.
{¶4} On March 21, 2018, Cotto pleaded guilty to an amended count of drug trafficking, a
felony of the first degree, with a one-year firearm specification and various forfeiture
specifications. The remaining counts and specifications against Cotto were nolled. Before
accepting Cotto’s plea, the trial court informed him of the potential consequences of his plea,
including the imposition of a mandatory fine. Cotto’s counsel requested a presentence
investigation report. The state and Cotto recommended a seven-year prison sentence to the court.
{¶5} On April 16, 2018, Cotto filed a motion to waive the mandatory fine due to
indigency, with a supporting affidavit. On April 19, 2018, the court sentenced Cotto to seven
years in prison, comprised of six years on the drug trafficking offense and one year on the
corresponding firearm specification. The court also imposed a $10,000 mandatory fine on
Cotto. Cotto appeals his sentence, presenting one assignment of error for our review.
Law and Analysis
{¶6} In his sole assignment of error, Cotto argues that the trial court erred by imposing a
mandatory fine. Specifically, he argues that he had been found indigent prior to sentencing and
therefore should have been found indigent for purposes of the mandatory fine as well.
{¶7} As an initial matter, we must address the nature of our review of the imposition of a
mandatory fine upon a defendant. Ohio courts have consistently held that because trial courts
have broad discretion when imposing financial sanctions upon a defendant, appellate courts
review the imposition of financial sanctions for abuse of discretion. State v. Theodorou, 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 105630, 2017-Ohio-9171, ¶ 23; State v. Ficklin, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
99191, 2013-Ohio-3002, ¶ 5, citing State v. Schneider, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 96953,
2012-Ohio-1740, ¶ 9, citing State v. Weyand, 7th Dist. Columbiana No. 07-CO-40,
2008-Ohio-6360, ¶ 7.
{¶8} R.C. 2953.08(G)(2) specifically precludes a review of felony sentences for abuse of
discretion. R.C. 2953.08(A)(4) provides that a defendant may appeal his or her sentence on the
grounds that it is contrary to law. R.C. 2953.08(G)(2)(b) provides that appellate courts may
increase, reduce, or otherwise modify a sentence if it clearly and convincingly finds that the
sentence is contrary to law. Because the imposition of financial sanctions, including mandatory
fines, is governed by R.C. 2929.18, our analysis is guided by the requirements of that statute.
{¶9} In the underlying case, Cotto pleaded guilty to a violation of R.C. 2925.03(A)(2), a
felony of the first degree. R.C. 2925.03(D)(1) provides:
If the violation of division (A) of this section is a felony of the first, second, or
third degree, the court shall impose upon the offender the mandatory fine
specified for the offense under division (B)(1) of section 2929.18 of the Revised
Code unless, as specified in that division, the court determines that the offender is
indigent.
R.C. 2929.18(B)(1) provides:
For a first, second, or third degree felony violation of any provision of Chapter
2925 * * * of the Revised Code, the sentencing court shall impose upon the
offender a mandatory fine of at least one-half of, but not more than, the maximum
statutory fine amount authorized for the level of the offense pursuant to division
(A)(3) of this section. If an offender alleges in an affidavit filed with the court
prior to sentencing that the offender is indigent and unable to pay the mandatory
fine and if the court determines the offender is an indigent person and is unable to
pay the mandatory fine described in this division, the court shall not impose the
mandatory fine upon the offender.
Before imposing a mandatory fine pursuant to R.C. 2929.18, a sentencing court is required to
consider the offender’s present and future ability to pay the amount of the sanction or fine. R.C.
2929.19. “‘Generally, a trial court complies with this requirement when it considers a
presentence investigation report that contains information about the offender’s financial situation
and his ability to pay the financial sanction.’” State v. Clemons, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
101230, 2015-Ohio-520, ¶ 10, quoting State v. Simpson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 101088,
2014-Ohio-4580, ¶ 21.
{¶10} Here, it is undisputed that Cotto filed an affidavit of indigency prior to sentencing,
satisfying the first prerequisite for avoiding a mandatory fine. “[A]n offender who files an
affidavit alleging that he or she is indigent and is unable to pay a mandatory fine is not
automatically entitled to a waiver of that fine.” State v. Gipson, 80 Ohio St.3d 626, 634, 687
N.E.2d 750 (1998). Further, we note that courts have consistently distinguished between a
court’s determination that an offender is indigent for purposes of receiving court-appointed
counsel and for purposes of his or her ability to pay a fine. State v. Johnson, 107 Ohio App.3d
723, 728, 669 N.E.2d 483 (8th Dist.1995), citing State v. Powell, 78 Ohio App.3d 784, 785, 605
N.E.2d 1337 (3d Dist.1992). Therefore, the court’s initial determination that Cotto was entitled
to representation by appointed counsel is not determinative of any subsequent finding regarding
his ability to pay a mandatory fine.
{¶11} In addition to the defendant filing a timely affidavit of indigency, the sentencing
court must find that the offender is an indigent person and is unable to pay the mandatory fine in
order to waive imposition of a mandatory fine. Id. While the statute requires the court to
consider the defendant’s present and future ability to pay the fine, “there are no express factors
that must be taken into consideration or findings regarding the offender’s ability to pay that must
be made on the record.” State v. Hampton, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 103992, 2016-Ohio-5419, ¶
7, citing State v. Martin, 140 Ohio App.3d 326, 338, 747 N.E.2d 318 (4th Dist.2000).
{¶12} Cotto argues that because he is schizophrenic, his wife had recently given birth to a
child, and he will have difficulty obtaining full-time employment upon his release from prison
with a felony record, it is unrealistic for him to pay this fine. A review of the record shows that
the court considered these factors and others in analyzing Cotto’s present and future ability to
pay. The court stated that it considered the presentence investigation report. The court also
stated that it considered that the drug trafficking to which Cotto pleaded guilty was undertaken
for profit, and that Cotto would have approximately 20 years upon release from prison to work
and earn a living.
{¶13} To avoid the imposition of a mandatory fine, “‘the burden is upon the offender to
affirmatively demonstrate that he or she is indigent and is unable to pay the mandatory fine.’”
Gipson, 80 Ohio St.3d at 635, 687 N.E.2d 750, quoting State v. Ruzicka, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
64476, 1994 Ohio App. LEXIS 73 (Jan. 13, 1994). We agree with the trial court that Cotto’s
assertion that it will be difficult to find future employment because of his mental illness and
criminal record is insufficient to meet this burden. Cotto has not clearly and convincingly
established that the imposition of the fine was contrary to law. Therefore, Cotto’s assignment of
error is overruled.
{¶14} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas
court to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
______________________________________________
RAYMOND C. HEADEN, JUDGE
SEAN C. GALLAGHER, P.J., and
EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR