In the United States Court of Federal Claims
OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
(Filed: March 1, 2019)
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
AMY TAYLOR, mother of A.T., * UNPUBLISHED
*
* No. 15-1346V
Petitioner, *
* Chief Special Master Dorsey
v. *
* Attorneys’ Fees and Costs
*
SECRETARY OF HEALTH *
AND HUMAN SERVICES, *
*
Respondent. *
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Richard Gage, Richard Gage, P.C., Cheyenne, WY, for petitioner
Camille M. Collett, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
DECISION ON ATTORNEYS’ FEES AND COSTS1
On November 9, 2015, Amy Taylor, on behalf of her minor daughter A.T., (“petitioner”)
filed a petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42
U.S.C. §300aa-10, et seq.,2 (“Vaccine Act”). Petitioner alleged that as a result of the hepatitis A
(“HepA”) vaccine administered to A.T. on December 10, 2012, A.T. suffered from autoimmune
aplastic anemia. Petition at ¶ 13. On April 20, 2018, the parties filed a Stipulation, which the
undersigned adopted as her Decision awarding damages on April 24, 2018. Decision, ECF No.
70.
1
This decision will be posted on the website of the United States Court of Federal Claims' website, in accordance
with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012). This means the Decision will be available to
anyone with access to the internet. As provided by 44 U.S.C. § 300aa-12(d)(4)B), however, the parties may object
to the published Decision’s inclusion of certain kinds of confidential information. Specifically, Under Vaccine Rule
18(b), each party has 14 days within which to request redaction “of any information furnished by that party: (1) that
is a trade secret or commercial or financial in substance and is privileged or confidential; or (2) that includes medical
filed or similar files, the disclosure of which would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy.” Vaccine
Rule 18(b). Otherwise the whole decision will be available to the public in its current form. Id.
2
The National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program is set forth in Part 2 of the National Childhood Vaccine
Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755, codified as amended, 42 U.S.C. §§ 300aa-1 to -34 (2012)
(“Vaccine Act” or “the Act). All citations in this decision to individual sections of the Vaccine Act are to 42 U.S.C.
§§ 300aa.
On November 16, 2018, petitioner filed an application for attorneys’ fees and costs.
Motion for Attorney Fees and Costs (“Fees App.”) (ECF No. 75). Petitioner requests total
compensation in the amount of $60,419.69, representing $29,737.26 in attorneys’ fees and
$30,682.43 in costs. Fees App. at 4. In attempted compliance with General Order No. 9,
Petitioner’s counsel, Mr. Richard Gage, represents that he has attempted to contact Petitioner
regarding her costs, but Petitioner has not responded to any of Mr. Gage’s attempts, and that to
the best of Mr. Gage’s knowledge Petitioner has not incurred any out of pocket expenses in this
case. Id. at 65. Respondent filed his response on November 30, 2018 indicating that he did not
oppose petitioner’s motion because he believed the statutory requirement for attorneys’ fees had
been met in the instant case.” Id. at 2. Petitioner did not file a reply.
For the reasons discussed below, the undersigned GRANTS petitioner’s motion and
awards a total of $51,644.64.
I. Discussion
Under the Vaccine Act, the special master shall award reasonable attorneys’ fees and
costs for any petition that results in an award of compensation. 42 U.S.C. § 300aa-15(e)(1).
When compensation is not awarded, the special master “may” award reasonable attorneys’ fees
and costs “if the special master or court determines that the petition was brought in good faith
and there was a reasonable basis for the claim for which the petition was brought.” Id. at
§15(e)(1). Because compensation was awarded to petitioner, the undersigned finds that he is
entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs.
a. Reasonable Attorneys’ Fees
The Federal Circuit has approved use of the lodestar approach to determine reasonable
attorney’s fees and costs under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 515
F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Using the lodestar approach, a court first determines “an
initial estimate of a reasonable attorney’s fee by ‘multiplying the number of hours reasonably
expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate.’” Id. at 1347-58 (quoting Blum v.
Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). Then, the court may make an upward or downward
departure from the initial calculation of the fee award based on other specific findings. Id. at
1348.
Counsel must submit fee requests that include contemporaneous and specific billing
records indicating the service performed, the number of hours expended on the service, and the
name of the person performing the service. See Savin v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., 85
Fed. Cl. 313, 316-18 (2008). Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that are
“excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary.” Saxton v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs.,
3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). It
is “well within the special master’s discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her]
experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done.” Id. at 1522. Furthermore, the
special master may reduce a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent
2
and without providing a petitioner notice and opportunity to respond. See Sabella v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (2009).
A special master need not engaged in a line-by-line analysis of petitioner’s fee
application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed. Cl.
719, 729 (2011). Special masters may rely on their experience with the Vaccine Program and its
attorneys to determine the reasonable number of hours expended. Wasson v. Sec’y of Health
and Human Servs., 24 Cl. Ct. 482, 484 (Fed. Cl. Nov. 19, 1991) rev’d on other grounds and aff’d
in relevant part, 988 F. 2d 131 (Fed. Cir. 1993). Just as “[t]rial courts routinely use their prior
experience to reduce hourly rates and the number of hours clamed in attorney fee requests …
[v]accine program special masters are also entitled to use their prior experience in reviewing fee
application.” Saxton, 3 F. 3d at 1521.
i. Reasonable Hourly Rates
Petitioner requests the following rates of compensation for the work of her attorneys: for
Mr. Gage, $299.64 per hour for work performed in 2014, $300.00 per hour for work performed
in 2015, $382.50 per hour for work performed in 2016, $391.00 per hour for work performed in
2017, and $404.00 per hour for work performed in 2018; for Ms. Kristen Blume, $358.00 per
hour for work performed in 2017 and $380.00 per hour for work performed in 2018; for law
clerk Dustin Lujan, $160.00 per hour for work performed in 2015; and for paralegals, $120.00
per hour for work performed in 2014-2017 and $135.00 per hour for work performed in 2018.
The attorney rates for 2016-2018, the law clerk rate, and the 2018 paralegal rates
requested herein exceed what has previously been awarded to Gage firm attorneys and staff.
Cognizant of this discrepancy, Petitioner filed a memorandum supporting her fees motion on
November 19, 2018, arguing that Gage firm attorneys should be compensated at forum rates.
Memorandum, ECF No. 76 (“Memo”). In support of this, Petitioner submitted evidence of Mr.
Gage’s hourly rate in two cases from his local practice: a case in 2009-2010 when Mr. Gage was
counsel for the defendant in an asbestos exposure case and was paid $300.00 per hour and a Fair
Labor Standards Act case in Cheyenne, Wyoming at the same time, in which Mr. Gage was
awarded $300.00 per hour pursuant to the fee shifting provisions of the FLSA. Memo at 4.
Petitioner also cites to four cases from the United States District Court for the District of
Colorado in support of Mr. Gage’s local rate. Id. at 5 (citing Center for Biological Diversity v.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servs., 703 F.Supp. 2d 1243 (D. Colo., Apr. 1, 2010); Nero v. American
Family Mutual Ins. Co., 2013 WL 5323191 (D. Colo. Sept. 23, 2013); MemoryTen, Inc. v. LV
Admin. Servs., Inc., 2013 WL 1154492 (D. Colo. Mar. 19, 2013); Nova Leasing, LLC v. Sun
River Energy, Inc., 2013 WL 1302265 (D. Colo. Mar. 28, 2013).
The issue of whether Mr. Gage and his associates are entitled to receive forum rates is not
new and, of particular relevance to the instant case, was considered by another special master in
Onikama v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1348V, 2017 WL 1718798 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Apr. 3, 2017). In Onikama, the petitioner argued that Mr. Gage’s local rate should be
higher by citing to the aforementioned cases (the asbestos and FLSA cases previously worked on
by Mr. Gage as well as the four Colorado District Court cases cited above). Id. at *7. In
3
analyzing the cited cases, the special master noted that “[i]n the Colorado cases cited by
petitioner here, however, most of the fees awarded were not to plaintiffs’ attorneys’ as
compensation for representing a successful party. Rather, with one exception the fees were
imposed as sanctions for discovery violations or for bringing a frivolous claim.” Id. at *9. That
one exception, Center for Biological Diversity, concerned fees awarded to plaintiff pursuant to
the fee-shifting provision of the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), and the special master
found it to be of limited use as a data point, as the case involved awarding fees to an attorney in
Denver, Colorado, a locale nearly ten times the size of Mr. Gage’s locale of Cheyenne,
Wyoming. Id. at *10. The special master also noted that other than affidavits that confirm his
rate, petitioner “did not submit any detail regarding the underlying claims or procedural history
of the FLSA and asbestos cases that Mr. Gage worked on” and ultimately found that the work in
those cases as local counsel “usually represents less demanding type of work than is required of
lead counsel in a vaccine case.” Id. Ultimately, none of the data points provided by petitioner in
Onikama were found to be persuasive evidence that Mr. Gage’s local rate was “artificially low”
as had been argued.
The undersigned does not need to engage in any further analysis of the cases cited in the
instant case because they are identical to the cases cited in Onikama. Indeed, it does not appear
that petitioner has offered any new evidence in support of awarding Mr. Gage forum rates. While
the undersigned is not bound to follow the conclusions of Onikama as precedent, the undersigned
notes that the analysis by the special master in Onikama was extremely thorough,
comprehensive, and ultimately persuasive, and the conclusion reached (that petitioner had not
demonstrated that rates in Cheyenne, Wyoming, rise to a level where they are not very
significantly different than forum rates) is sound. Petitioner has not argued that Onikama (or any
other case considering Mr. Gage’s rates) was decided incorrectly. Instead, petitioner is merely
relitigating the same issue using the same unpersuasive data points as before. Moreover, Mr.
Gage’s firm has previously been put on notice of the deficient nature of his recent requests for
increased rates. See Pember v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-1005V, 2018 WL
3989514, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Jun. 28, 2018); Hendrickson v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 15-812V, 2018 WL 6822351, at *6-7 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Nov. 26, 2018) (special
master noting that petitioner’s memorandum supporting increased fees was “strikingly similar”
to what was submitted in Onikama while failing to address the findings of that decision or
provide new evidence); Desai v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-811V, 2018 WL
6819551, at *6 (same).
Accordingly, the undersigned will compensate Gage firm attorneys and paralegals at the
previously established local rates. This results in a reduction to attorneys’ fees awarded of
$2,526.40.3
3
Applying the rates established in Hendrickson and Desai results in the following dollar reductions: $2,133.50 for
the work of Mr. Gage, $55.90 for the work of Ms. Blume, $205.00 for the work of Mr. Lujan, and $132.00 for
paralegals.
4
ii. Reasonable Hours Expended
Petitioner requests compensation for 155 total hours billed by Mr. Gage and his
associates. Fees App. at 20. The undersigned has reviewed the submitted billing entries and, for
the reasons explained more thoroughly below, will reduce the requested attorneys’ fees by 10%.
a. Excessive Interoffice Communication
The undersigned and her fellow special masters have previously emphasized the
inefficiency that results when multiple attorneys work on one case. See Sabella, 86 Fed. Cl. at
214-15 (affirming a special master’s reduction of fees for overstaffing where three attorneys
from two different firms worked on the same case). The undersigned, and other special masters,
have previously warned Mr. Gage’s firm about excessive interoffice communication. Mack v.
Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 15-149V, 2017 WL 5108680, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
Sep. 28, 2017). Despite previous warnings however, this issue still exists. There are over thirty
entries for “Office Meeting” and while some of these entries indicate the topic being discussed at
the meeting, most do not.4
b. Vague Billing Entries
The undersigned has previously found it reasonable to decrease an award of attorneys’
fees for vagueness. See Barry v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 12-39, 2016 WL
6835542 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Oct. 25, 2016) (reducing a fee award by 10% due to vague billing
entries); Mostovoy v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 02-10, 2016 WL 720969 (Fed. Cl.
Spec. Mstr. Feb. 4, 2016). It is well established that an application for fees and costs must
sufficiently detail and explain the time billed so that a special master may determine, from the
application and the case file, whether the amount requested is reasonable. Bell v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., 18 Cl. Ct. 751, 760 (1989); Rodriguez v. Sec’y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 06-559, 2009 WL 2568468 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 27, 2009). Petitioners bear the
burden of documenting the fees and costs claimed. Rodriguez, 2009 WL 2568468, at *8.
As with excessive interoffice communication, Mr. Gage has previously been warned
numerous times about his firm’s persistent issue with vague entries. See Bowman v. Sec’y of
Health & Human Servs., No. 15-256V, 2017 WL 7362539 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sep. 20, 2017);
Mack, 2017 WL 5108680; Kerridge v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 2017 WL 4020523, at
*3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 28, 2017) (reducing by five percent for vagueness, duplicative
billing, excessive hours, and administrative work); Padilla v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs.,
2017 WL 1435881, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 30, 2017) (reducing by 10 percent due to
vagueness); Wilson v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 2017 WL 1374748, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec.
Mstr. Mar. 22, 2017) (reducing by 10 percent for vagueness).
4
For example, Ms. Blume only billed five entries and all were for meetings and review. Fees App. at 32. Given that
this is the only contribution Ms. Blume made to the case, it is difficult for the undersigned to ascertain what value
Ms. Blume added to the case and whether any time should have been billed for her participation.
5
Examples of vagueness in the instant case include the following: attorney Kristen
Blume’s billing for office meetings without any description as to the purpose of the meeting; law
clerk Dustin Lujan billing a total of 19 hours for “Record Review” (Fees App. at 36); paralegal
“KS” billing 18.6 hours on “Started Outline of Exhibits” and “Continued outline”. Fees App. at
45.5 Most of the aforementioned entries evincing excessive interoffice communication were also
vague.
For all these reasons, the undersigned shall reduce the amount of attorneys’ fees awarded
by 10%. This results in a total reduction of $2,721.08.6 Thus, petitioner is awarded attorneys’
fees in the amount of $24,489.78.
b. Attorneys’ Costs
Petitioner requests a total of $30,682.43 in attorneys’ costs. This amount includes
reimbursement for the filing fee, medical records, postage, and copies. Those costs are
documented and appear to be reasonable upon the undersigned’s review.
The majority of the requested amount of costs ($22,970.78) is for petitioner’s life care
planner, Helen Woodard, M.A., of ReEntry Rehabilitation Services, Inc. Fees App. at 57-61. Ms.
Woodard expended 108.26 hours on this matter and billed at a rate of $225.00 per hour. Ms.
Woodard has prepared life care plans in other Vaccine Program cases, and her requested rate has
been found to be reasonable. See Rojas v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 14-1220V, 2017
WL 6032300 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 5, 2017). The number of hours billed, however, requires
some adjustment.
The Vaccine Program's reasonableness standards for attorneys' fees and costs apply
equally to experts' fees and costs. Baker v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 99-653V, 2005
WL 589431, *1 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 24, 2005). The same lodestar method is used to
determine a reasonable award of compensation to the expert. Simon v. Sec'y of Health & Human
Servs., No. 05-914V, 2008 WL 623833, at *1 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 1, 2009); Kantor v.
Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 01-679V, 2007 WL 1032378, at *4-8 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr.
March 21, 2007).
Ms. Woodard’s billing records suffer from vagueness, an issue which has been raised in a
prior case. In Desai, a special master reduced the total award for Ms. Woodard’s work due to an
excessive number of vague entries, noting that entries such as “general research” do not permit
the Court to evaluate whether the expert’s work was reasonable and not duplicative. Desai, 2018
WL 6819551, at *8-9. The special master also requested petitioner’s counsel, Mr. Gage, to
5
The undersigned notes that Mr. Lujan’s entries for “Record Review” and KS’s entries for outlining essentially
overlap. The vagueness of these entries is particularly concerning because reviewing records and outlining exhibits
appears to be identical tasks and could therefore be viewed as duplicative/excessive billing.
6
($29,737.26 (original requested fees) - $2,526.40 (reduction for incorrect rates)) * 0.1 = $2,721.08
6
provide a copy of the decision to Ms. Woodard so that she would be aware of the issues
concerning her billing.
Unfortunately, Ms. Woodard’s billing records suffer from many of the same deficiencies
noted in Desai and Rojas. Over 10 entries totaling 30.42 hours are for “review records”, “report
preparation”, or “Review records and report preparation.” There are 22 entries totaling 39.83
hours for “Life care plan research re: costs” ranging from 0.08 hours to 5.0 hours without
differentiating between what was actually being done. There are 3 entries totaling 10 hours for
“General research”. In sum, the billing records provided by Ms. Woodard are plagued by
vagueness. Because of these deficiencies, the undersigned finds it reasonable to reduce her billed
hours by 10%. This results in a total reduction of $2,186.57.
Additionally, Ms. Woodard billed her full hourly rate for 12.0 hours of travel, despite
having been notified in the past that the Vaccine Program consistently compensates travel at 50%
of a professional’s regular billing rate. Rojas, 2017 WL 6032300 at *14; Desai, 2018 WL
6819551 at *9. The undersigned will compensate Ms. Woodard for this travel time at half of her
usual rate. This results in an additional reduction of $1,350.00.
II. Conclusion
Based on all of the above, the undersigned finds that it is reasonable compensate
petitioner and her counsel as follows:
Attorneys’ Fees Requested $29,737.26
(Total Reduction from Rates Adjustment) - ($2,526.40)
(Total Reduction from Billing Hours) - ($2,721.08)
Total Attorneys’ Fees Awarded $24,498.78
Attorneys’ Costs Requested $30,682.43
(Reduction of Costs) - ($3,536.57)
Total Attorneys’ Costs Awarded $27,145.86
Total Attorneys’ Fees and Costs Awarded $51,644.64
Accordingly, the undersigned awards the following:
1) $51,644.64 in attorneys’ fees and costs, in the form of a check payable jointly to
petitioner and petitioner’s counsel, Mr. Richard Gage.
In the absence of a motion for review filed pursuant to RCFC Appendix B, the Clerk of
Court SHALL ENTER JUDGMENT in accordance with this decision.7
7
Pursuant to Vaccine Rule 11(a), entry of judgment can be expedited by the parties’ joint filing of notice renouncing
the right to seek review.
7
IT IS SO ORDERED.
s/Nora Beth Dorsey
Nora Beth Dorsey
Chief Special Master
8