IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
JEREMIE CAMPBELL, §
§ No. 445, 2018
Defendant Below, §
Appellant, § Court Below: Superior Court
§ of the State of Delaware
v. §
§ C.A. No. N1705012271
STATE OF DELAWARE, §
§
Plaintiff Below, §
Appellee. §
Submitted: March 6, 2019
Decided: April 1, 2019
Before VAUGHN, SEITZ, and TRAYNOR, Justices.
ORDER
This 1st day of April, 2019, after careful consideration of the parties’ briefs
and the record on appeal, it appears to the Court that:
(1) A police officer stopped a black Jeep Cherokee for traveling at an
unreasonable speed in a residential district. The officer recognized Jeremie
Campbell, who was sitting in the back seat, and knew that Campbell had an active
capias for his arrest. After the officer placed Campbell under arrest because of the
capias, he searched the vehicle and recovered a firearm and two substances in the
seat where Campbell was sitting. The substances tested positive for marijuana and
cocaine.
(2) Campbell moved to suppress the evidence found in the vehicle,
claiming that the officer “did not have reasonable grounds to suspect that the driver
of the Cherokee was speeding . . . ,”1 but the Superior Court denied his motion after
a suppression hearing.
(3) Following a bench trial where evidence was admitted by stipulation,
Campbell was found guilty of possession of a firearm by a person prohibited,
possession of ammunition by a person prohibited, possession of marijuana, and
possession of a controlled substance.
(4) On appeal, Campbell challenges the Superior Court’s denial of his
motion to suppress, arguing among other things, that the court relied on an incorrect
legal standard—reasonable articulable suspicion—when it determined that the stop
of the Jeep for speeding was reasonable. According to Campbell, when an officer
merely suspects that a driver has committed a violation of law, she may stop the
vehicle if that suspicion is reasonable and articulable, but when the officer actually
observes a violation, the stop must be supported by the “more demanding” probable-
cause standard.2
(5) We note first that this is contrary to the position Campbell took in the
Superior Court. In his motion to suppress, Campbell invoked the reasonable-
1
App. to Op. Br. A42 (hereinafter “A__”).
2
Op. Br. 7–8.
2
articulable-suspicion standard3 and stood by it during post-trial argument.4 But more
to the point, we reject the odd notion that a higher level of suspicion is required for
a motor vehicle stop when a police officer actually observes a violation of law than
when he merely suspects one. Simply put, if the officer has a reasonable articulable
suspicion that a driver has committed a crime or a traffic violation, 5 the officer may
conduct a traffic stop.
(6) Campbell also argues that the Superior Court erred when it employed a
mathematical equation to provide objective support for the officer’s subjective
estimate of the Jeep’s speed. In particular, the court applied a mathematical formula
to the officer’s testimony that he observed the Jeep travel .15 miles in 10 seconds,
implying a speed in excess of 50 miles per hour in a residential district where the
speed limit is 25 miles per hour. Campbell quibbles with the Superior Court’s
calculation because it “could only determine average speed over that distance during
that time, not the speed of the vehicle . . . when it completed that distance” at which
time “it would have been travelling much faster than 54 MPH . . . .”6
(7) But even if we credit Campbell’s argument, that would only support the
idea that the Jeep was going faster than 50 miles per hour at some point. Campbell
3
A10–11.
4
A72.
5
Rickards v. State, 2011 WL 153643, 30 A.3d 782 (Del. 2011) (Table).
6
Op. Br. 10.
3
does not claim that 50 miles per hour is a reasonable speed for any point along his
route.
(8) In any case, we are satisfied that the Superior Court gave due weight to
all of the circumstances supporting the officer’s suspicion that the Jeep was traveling
at an unreasonable speed, including the officer’s experience, his familiarity with the
area, and his testimony regarding the distance the Jeep traveled over a 10-second
period. The methodological objection that Campbell raises does not undermine the
Superior Court’s conclusion that the stop was justified.
(9) For these reasons and for the reasons stated in its December 7, 2017
Opinion, the judgment of the Superior Court should be affirmed.
NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Superior
Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Gary F. Traynor
Justice
4