W. Mayo v. D. Cowden

IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

William Mayo, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Darla Cowden, Darren Casper, :
and Jay Lane, : No. 640 C.D. 2018
Respondents : Submitted: February 22, 2019

BEFORE: HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
HONORABLE BONNIE BRIGANCE LEADBETTER, Senior Judge

OPINION NOT REPORTED

MEMORANDUM OPINION BY
JUDGE COVEY FILED: April 5, 2019

William Mayo (Mayo), pro se, appeals from the Fayette County
Common Pleas Court’s (trial court) April 9, 2018 order1 dismissing his complaint
(Complaint) against Physician’s Assistant Darla Cowden (Cowden),2 and
Pennsylvania Department of Corrections’ (Department) employees - Grievance
Officer Darren Casper (Casper) and Facility Manager Jay Lane (Lane) (collectively,
Appellees) as frivolous. Essentially, the issue before this Court is whether the trial
court erred by dismissing the Complaint as frivolous.3 After review, we affirm.

1
The subject order was signed on April 6, 2018, but it was not filed/entered on the docket
until April 9, 2018.
2
Because Mayo did not serve the Complaint upon Cowden before the trial court’s dismissal
of the action, Cowden is not a party.
3
Mayo presents two issues in his Statement of Questions Involved:
1. Whether the trial court abused its arbitrary discretion when it
denied [Mayo’s] motion for default judgment (upon a[n] answer being
filed by [A]ppellees[]), in which because of the validity within
[Mayo’s] [C]omplaint being a significant hardship regarding his
weight deprivation arguably raises to a[n] undue prejudice and not
just a standard motion being denied, thusly because if it[’]s any truth
 Mayo is an inmate currently incarcerated at State Correctional Institution
(SCI)-Smithfield, who was formerly detained at SCI-Fayette. On October 14, 2016,
Mayo filed his Complaint with this Court requesting damages and injunctive relief for
alleged violations of his rights under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the
United States Constitution.4 On that same date, Mayo also filed an application for
leave to proceed in forma pauperis (Application).
In his Complaint, Mayo alleged that when he was transferred to SCI-
Fayette on November 20, 2015, he was assigned a special diet that excluded onions,
tomatoes, peppers and spices (Special Diet). The Special Diet was allegedly not to
his liking because, although he was allergic only to onions, it restricted the additional
items. As this Court can best discern from the Complaint and attached exhibits, on
December 14, 2015 (less than one month after arriving at SCI-Fayette), Mayo
submitted a form to the Department to no longer have the Special Diet and return to a
regular diet, and he attempted to independently restrict onions from his meals.
On March 21, 2016, Mayo filed a request with SCI-Fayette’s Dietary
Department that he be provided a no-onion diet. On March 24, 2016, the Department
responded:

to [A]ppellees’ assertion of ‘it being no proper service was
effectuated on the corrections defendant’ it would only reflect the
diligence of the [t]rial [c]ourt’s [p]rothonotary (after [Mayo’s]
[C]omplaint survived the [t]rial [c]ourt[’]s screening process) and it,
as a[n] independent fact, don’t [sic] negate [Mayo] of his due process.
....
2. Whether the [t]rial [c]ourt continued to abuse its arbitrary
discretion, in the same regard, concerning [Mayo] pointing what
transpired out within his concise statement of errors complained of on
appeal.
Mayo Br. at 8-9. Because Mayo’s exact claims are unclear, this Court will address the all-
encompassing issue of whether the trial court properly dismissed Mayo’s Complaint.
4
This Court originally docketed the Complaint at 575 M.D. 2016.
2
 Mr. Mayo[:] on [November 20, 2015] we received a copy of
a diet order for a no tomato[,] onion[,] pepper [and] spice
[diet]. Then on [December 14, 2015] we received an email
from [the] Medical [Department] that said you signed a D/C
462 taking yourself off your diet.
If your [sic] requesting the diet again, you need to get with
[the] Medical [Department] so they [sic] can re[-]order your
diet. We cannot issue the diet[.] It needs to come from
[the] Medical [Department].

Original Record (O.R.) Item No. 1, Complaint Exhibit A, Inmate Request to Staff
Member, Form 2C-135A.
Mayo further alleged in his Complaint that, on March 29, 2016, he filed
a grievance with the Department. Mayo asserted in the grievance that the food
restrictions, other than onions, was a due process violation; he requested a diet
restricting only onions, and sought $2,000 for constitutional violations. On April 15,
2016, after initially refusing testing for allergies, Mayo submitted to a blood test. On
April 19, 2016, Casper denied Mayo’s grievance, stating:

In December of 2015, you signed off [of] the [Special D]iet
that was ordered for you by the Central Office Dietician.
The [Special D]iet was ordered for you based on
information provided to the Dietician by the Medical
[D]epartment. The Dietary Department at SCI[-]Fayette
does not order special diets for inmates that reside here.
The Dietary Department at SCI[-]Fayette[] provides all of
the diets that are ordered by the Central Office Dietician
and monitors these diets for compliance by the inmates who
are receiving the diets. The Medical [D]epartment
forwarded your information to the Central Office Dietician
and the [Special D]iet was ordered for you. After you
signed off [of] th[e Special D]iet[,] the Dietary Department
is no longer able to provide you with a special diet request.
[sic] The process has to be initiated through the Medical
Department. Based on the above finding of facts and lack
of merit of your complaints[,] I must deny your grievance
and any relief sought.

O.R. Item No. 1, Complaint Exhibit A, Initial Review Response.

3
 On April 20, 2016, Mayo’s blood test revealed that he is not allergic to
onions. Accordingly, the Medical Department declined to order Mayo a special diet.
On April 27, 2016, Mayo submitted a grievance appeal challenging the April 19,
2016 denial. Lane reviewed the appeal and on May 23, 2016, explained:

I find . . . Casper’s response appropriate and your appeal
lacking any credible evidence which would convince me to
overturn his decision. In his response to you, . . . Casper
fully explained to you all the factors that his denial was
based on.
You signed off your [S]pecial [D]iet in December of 2015
and after signing off the [Special D]iet, the Dietary
Department is no long[er] able to provide you with a special
diet request. The process has to be initiated through the
Medical Department. Therefore, I spoke to the Medical
Department and they [sic] reported that you requested a
special diet of no onions again on [March 21, 2016]. You
initially refused testing for allergies, however, you then
complied to be tested. Blood work was drawn on [April 15,
2016] and the Medical Department received the results on
[April 20, 2016]. Test results revealed that you are not
allergic to onions. No new diet was ordered and you are
currently on a regular diet. If you feel it is necessary that
you be on a special diet, you need to sign up for [a] sick
call.
Based on the fact that the investigation of this grievance
failed to indicate a violation of policy, your appeal and
requested relief are denied.

O.R. Item No. 1, Complaint Exhibit A, Appeal Response.
Mayo also averred in his Complaint that on June 9, 2016, he submitted a
final level grievance appeal. On June 24, 2016, Chief Grievance Officer Dorina
Varner dismissed his appeal because it was untimely. See O.R., Item No. 1,
Complaint Exhibit A, Final Appeal Decision Dismissal.
Mayo claimed in his Complaint that Cowden’s and Casper’s actions
constituted cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth Amendment, and that

4
Lane’s actions violated Mayo’s due process rights. He requested this Court to order
Cowden to re-approve him for an onion-free diet, order Casper to enhance his onion-
free diet until he returns to his normal 190 pound weight, award compensatory and
punitive damages, and award him nominal litigation costs.
By October 19, 2016 order, this Court transferred the action to the trial
court.5 On June 15, 2017, Mayo filed a request for default judgment (Default
Judgment Motion) because the Department had not responded to his Complaint. On
June 28, 2017, the Department responded to the Default Judgment Motion, alleging
that Mayo failed to make proper process service on Appellees. On July 12, 2017,
Mayo answered the Department’s response. On April 6, 2018, the trial court
dismissed Mayo’s Complaint with prejudice pursuant to Section 6602(e) of the
portion of the Judicial Code commonly referred to as the Prison Litigation Reform
Act (PLRA), 42 Pa.C.S. § 6602(e), which permits a court to dismiss frivolous prison
conditions litigation. Mayo appealed to this Court.6

5
This Court’s October 19, 2016 Order explained in relevant part:
Upon consideration of petitioner’s pro se complaint, in which
petitioner seeks money damages from respondents for an alleged
violation of petitioner’s constitutional rights, and this court lacking
jurisdiction over tort actions for money damages whether based on
common law trespass or 42 U.S.C. §1983 because such actions are in
the nature of trespass in that they seek money damages as redress for
an unlawful injury and are properly commenced in the court of
common pleas, see Fawber v. Cohen, 532 A.2d 429 (Pa. 1987);
Balshy v. Rank, 490 A.2d 415 (Pa. 1985), this matter is transferred to
the [trial court].
Order, (Pa. Cmwlth. No. 575 M.D. 2016, filed October 19, 2016). The Court’s October 19, 2016
order also granted Mayo’s Application and waived the Court’s filing fee.
6
“When reviewing the decision of a trial court, our scope of review is limited to a
determination of whether constitutional rights have been violated or whether the trial court abused
its discretion or committed an error of law.” Bailey v. Wakefield, 933 A.2d 1081, 1083 n.4 (Pa.
Cmwlth. 2007).
5
 Section 6602(e) of PLRA, provides, in relevant part:

[T]he court shall dismiss prison conditions litigation at any
time, including prior to service on the defendant, if the court
determines . . . :
....
(2) The prison conditions litigation is frivolous or malicious
or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted or
the defendant is entitled to assert a valid affirmative
defense, including immunity, which, if asserted, would
preclude the relief.

42 Pa.C.S. § 6602(e). The PLRA defines “prison conditions litigation” as:

A civil proceeding arising in whole or in part under
[f]ederal or [s]tate law with respect to the conditions of
confinement or the effects of actions by a government party
on the life of an individual confined in prison. The term
includes an appeal. The term does not include criminal
proceedings or habeas corpus proceedings challenging the
fact or duration of confinement in prison.

42 Pa.C.S. § 6601. Further, the PLRA defines “[f]rivolous” as “[l]acking an arguable
basis either in law or in fact.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 6601. Accordingly, this Court will
consider whether the trial court properly concluded that Mayo’s claims lack any basis
in law or in fact and, thus, are frivolous.
In the Complaint, Mayo alleged that Cowden’s and Casper’s failure to
provide him a diet restricting only onions constituted cruel and unusual punishment.
The law is well established:

Prison conditions may amount to cruel and unusual
punishment if they cause ‘unquestioned and serious
deprivations of basic human needs . . . [] [that] deprive
inmates of the minimal civilized measure of life’s
necessities.’ [Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337,] 347
[(1981)]. Accordingly, when the government takes a person
into custody against his or her will, it assumes responsibility

6
 for satisfying basic human needs such as food, clothing,
shelter, medical care, and reasonable safety.

Tillman v. Lebanon Cty. Corr. Facility, 221 F.3d 410, 417-18 (3d Cir. 2000). “The
Eighth Amendment . . . has been interpreted such that a prisoner is only entitled to
adequate food, clothing, shelter, sanitation, medical care and personal safety.”
Bullock v. Horn, 720 A.2d 1079, 1082 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1998) (emphasis added).
Consequently, “[f]ood served in prison must be nutritious, but it does not have to be
delicious or even particularly appetizing.” Banks v. Beard, (W.D. Pa., No.
2:03cv659, filed August 1, 2006), slip op. at ___, 2006 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 52985, at
*34-35. See also Tindell v. Dep’t of Corr., 87 A.3d 1029 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2014).
Mayo did not assert that he was deprived of nutritious food. Mayo was
initially provided a diet responsive to his claim that he was allergic to onions. He
was dissatisfied that the Special Diet also eliminated tomatoes, peppers and spices.
However, once he removed himself from the Special Diet, returned to a regular diet
and the Medical Department determined that he had no onion allergy, it declined to
place him on a new diet. So long as Mayo’s Special Diet was nutritious, the ancillary
deprivation of tomatoes, peppers and spices did not constitute cruel and unusual
punishment. Nor was Mayo subjected to cruel and unusual punishment when he was
denied a new onion-free diet, given that he has no onion allergy. For these reasons,
Mayo’s Eighth Amendment violation claim “[l]ack[s] an arguable basis either in law
or in fact.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 6601.
Mayo further claimed that Lane violated his due process rights by
denying his grievance appeal in that

Lane[] rendered his appellate response adopting . . .
Casper’s initial review response despite it containing
several glaring errors of material fact and can arguably
place in question if the totality of . . . Lane’s appellate
response was to undermine the fact that the foregoing issue

7
 is predicated from the negligence of staff at SCI[-]Fayette’s
dietary department.

Complaint ¶ 15. The Complaint did not contain any other factual misconduct
allegations against Lane.

Prisoners are not constitutionally entitled to a grievance
procedure and the state creation of such a procedure does
not create any federal constitutional rights. Prisoners do
have a constitutional right to seek redress of their
grievances from the government, but that right is the right
of access to the courts, and this right is not compromised by
the failure of the prison to address his grievances.

Wilson v. Horn, 971 F. Supp. 943, 947 (E.D. Pa. 1997) (citations omitted), aff’d, 142
F.3d 430 (3d Cir. 1998). Because Mayo made no constitutional violation claim
against Lane with respect to Lane’s disposition of his grievance, Mayo’s Fourteenth
Amendment claim against Lane is without an “arguable basis in either law or fact.”
42 Pa.C.S. § 6601.
For all of the above reasons, the trial court’s order is affirmed.7

__________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge

7
It appears that the trial court incorrectly concluded that Mayo had “signed off on” the
Special Diet, continued on the Special Diet, and that Mayo alleged that the Special Diet had caused
significant weight loss. Trial Court Op. at 1 (emphasis added). Rather, the Complaint and exhibits
reflect that Mayo signed off of the Special Diet in December 2015. In other words, Mayo requested
to discontinue the Special Diet and thereafter received a regular diet, but continued to request a no-
onion diet. It appears from the Complaint that Mayo’s alleged weight loss resulted from Mayo’s
attempt on his own to modify the regular diet to address his perceived onion allergy. Nonetheless,
for the reasons stated herein, this Court concludes that the Complaint is frivolous.
8
 IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA

William Mayo, :
Petitioner :
:
v. :
:
Darla Cowden, Darren Casper, :
and Jay Lane, : No. 640 C.D. 2018
Respondents :

ORDER

AND NOW, this 5th day of April, 2019, the Fayette County Common
Pleas Court’s April 9, 2018 order is affirmed.

___________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge