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[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 17-15313
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 0:92-cr-06138-WJZ-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ELVIN IRIZZARY,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
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(April 19, 2019)
Before MARCUS, MARTIN and NEWSOM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Elvin Irizzary, a federal prisoner proceeding pro se, appeals the denial of his
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) motion, pursuant to Amendment 591 to the Sentencing
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Guidelines, for reduction in his total life sentence for Hobbs Act Robbery, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1951; conspiracy to kidnap and hold for ransom, in violation
of 18 U.S.C. § 1201; use of a firearm during the commission of a crime of violence,
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c); and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon,
in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). The district court summarily denied Irizzary’s
motion. On appeal, Irizzary argues that the district court erred in concluding that he
was ineligible for § 3582(c)(2) relief because he argues that the sentencing court’s
procedure for calculating his sentence guidelines was inconsistent with Amendment
591, and because the district court did not give a reason for its decision. After
thorough review, we affirm.
We review a denial of a motion to reduce a sentence, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §
3582(c)(2), for abuse of discretion. United States v. Vautier, 144 F.3d 756, 759 n.3
(11th Cir. 1998). We need not address an issue that an appellant raises for the first
time in a reply brief. United States v. Whitesell, 314 F.3d 1251, 1256 (11th Cir.
2002).
Under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), the district court has discretion to reduce a
defendant’s sentence “when that defendant was sentenced based on a sentencing
range that was subsequently lowered” by the guidelines. United States v. Bravo,
203 F.3d 778, 780 (11th Cir. 2000). Where “a defendant is serving a term of
imprisonment, and the guideline range applicable to that defendant has subsequently
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been lowered as a result of an amendment to the Guidelines Manual . . . [a] reduction
in the defendant’s term of imprisonment” is authorized under 18 U.S.C. §
3582(c)(2). U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(a). Amendment 591 is listed as an amendment
covered by the policy statement. U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(d). The Sentencing
Commission made Amendment 591 retroactively applicable, effective as of
November 1, 2000. See U.S.S.G., app. C, amend. 607.
We’ve explained that “Amendment 591 requires that the initial selection of
the offense guideline be based only on the statute or offense of conviction rather than
on judicial findings of actual conduct not made by the jury.” United States v.
Moreno, 421 F.3d 1217, 1219 (11th Cir. 2005). We clarified that there are two steps
in arriving at an offense level: (1) the selection of the offense guideline and (2) the
selection of the base offense level. Id. at 1220. Amendment 591 speaks to the first
step -- selecting the offense guideline -- rather than the second stop of assigning a
base offense level. Id. Amendment 591 directs the district court to refer to the
Statutory Index for the offense of conviction to determine the offense guideline.
U.S.S.G., app. C, amend. 591. “In short, Amendment 591 directs the district court
to apply the guideline dictated by the statute of conviction, but does not constrain
the use of judicially found facts to select a base offense level within the relevant
guideline.” Moreno, 421 F.3d at 1219-20.
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We have held that the district court must consider the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)
factors when it resentences a defendant within an amended guidelines range. United
States v. Douglas, 576 F.3d 1216, 1219 (11th Cir. 2009). In cases where it is not
possible to know from the record whether a district court considered these factors,
we must vacate and remand to the district court. Id.
Here, the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying Irizzary’s § 3582
motion. As the record reflects, the sentencing court complied with Amendment 591
by selecting the offense guideline in Chapter Two that was applicable to each offense
of conviction, and then calculating the base offense level within that guideline. See
Moreno, 421 F. 3d at 1220. The Statutory Index indicates that the offense guidelines
for Irrizary’s robbery and conspiracy to kidnap convictions are § 2B3.1 and § 2X1.1,
respectively. Section 2X1.1(a) directs that § 2A4.1 -- the offense guideline for
substantive kidnapping -- be used, and § U.S.S.G. § 2A4.1(b)(7)(A) directs the court
to increase the offense guideline to the Chapter Two offense guideline for any other
offense, if that guideline includes an adjustment for kidnapping, which § 2B3.1 does.
See U.S.S.G. § 2B3.1(b)(4)(A). This means that the district court correctly used §
2B3.1 as the offense guideline. See U.S.S.G., app. C, amend. 591.
Moreover, Amendment 591 does not constrain the use of judicially found
facts to select a base offense level within the relevant guideline. See Moreno, 421
F. 3d at 1219-20. Thus, Amendment 591 had no impact on Irizzary’s sentence, and
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the district court did not abuse its discretion in denying his § 3582 motion. And
because the district court denied his motion, and did not resentence him, it did not
err in summarily denying his motion. The district court is only required to consider
the § 3553(a) factors when it sentences or resentences a defendant. See Douglas,
576 F.3d at 1219. As for Irizzary’s argument that his sentence violated the Ex Post
Facto clause of the U.S. Constitution, we will not consider it because he raises it for
the first time in his reply brief. Whitesell, 314 F.3d at 1256.
In short, the district court did not err in denying Irizzary’s § 3582(c)(2)
motion, and we affirm.
AFFIRMED.
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