J-S04028-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
DEVIN THOMAS COOPER :
:
Appellant : No. 1151 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered January 24, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Cumberland County
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-21-CR-0001463-2015
BEFORE: SHOGAN, J., OTT, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY OTT, J.: FILED APRIL 26, 2019
Devin Thomas Cooper appeals, nunc pro tunc, from the order entered
on January 24, 2018, denying his first petition filed pursuant to the
Pennsylvania Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA).1 Cooper seeks relief from the
judgment of sentence of 3½ to 7 years’ imprisonment, with 2 years’
consecutive probation, imposed after a jury convicted Cooper of one count
each of sexual assault, criminal trespass, false imprisonment, and simple
assault.2 Cooper contends the PCRA court erred in denying relief where trial
counsel was ineffective because: (1) he failed to conduct an adequate pre-
____________________________________________
Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
1 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541–9546.
2 18 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 3124.1, 3503(a)(1)(i), 2903(a), and 2701(a)(1),
respectively.
J-S04028-19
trial investigation; (2) he failed to call eight fact witnesses; (3) he failed to
call character witnesses; and (4) he failed to obtain and introduce certain
evidence at trial. See Cooper’s Brief at 4. Based on the following, we affirm.
We take the underlying facts and procedural history in this matter from
this Court’s decision on direct appeal and our review of the certified record:
The events relevant to this case occurred on the
morning of May 27, 2015, when [the victim] was
attacked in her apartment. [The victim] and
[Appellant] previously were involved in a romantic
relationship over the course of two years and have a
daughter together. At approximately [eight] in the
morning, while [the victim] was preparing for work,
the power to her apartment shut off. After the power
went out, [the victim] looked out her window and
noticed a truck that she believed belonged to her
landlord in the apartment complex parking lot. Just
outside of the front door to [the victim’s] apartment
is the electrical utility room for the apartment
complex. Neither the external door leading into the
complex nor the door to the electrical utility room
were customarily kept locked. While she was looking
out of the window to her apartment, [the victim]
heard a knock on her door. Believing her landlord
might have been working on electrical repairs, [the
victim] walked to her front door and twisted the
doorknob to unlock it. Upon opening the door enough
to look out, [the victim] saw that [Appellant] was in
the hallway. Though she tried to close the door,
[Appellant] forced his way into her apartment. Once
inside the apartment, [Appellant] grabbed [the
victim] by the arms. [The victim] broke away and
retreated to her bedroom to obtain her phone in order
to call for help. [Appellant] pursued her and a
struggle broke out over the phone. During this
struggle, [Appellant] grabbed [the victim] and placed
his hands over her mouth and throat, making it
difficult for her to breath[e]. He eventually pushed
her face-down onto the floor and sat on her back,
alternatively reading texts on her phone and
-2-
J-S04028-19
suffocating her by placing his hands over her mouth
and nose when he read a text that angered him.
Eventually [Appellant] got up off of [the victim] and
allowed her to get up. Around this time [the victim’s]
phone was ringing as her manager and co-worker
were calling her because she was late for her work
shifted [sic] which started at 9:45 a.m.
[Appellant] remained in the apartment after allowing
[the victim] to get up off of the floor[,] claiming he
wanted to see his daughter. At this time, [the victim]
went into the living room to change her pants, as the
pants she was wearing were covered in dog hair from
being on the floor. [Appellant] followed her into the
living room, pushed [the victim] onto the couch, and
proceeded to pull down her underwear and pants
while also undoing his own pants. [Appellant] then
proceeded to have sexual intercourse with [the
victim], despite her verbal protestations. When he
was finished, [Appellant] went into the daughter’s
room and changed her diaper while [the victim]
finished getting dressed. At this point [Appellant]
allowed [the victim] and their daughter to leave and
walked outside with them to [the victim’s] car. [The
victim] got into her car, called 911, and started driving
to her aunt’s house. During the call she spoke with
Officer [Richard] Grove who told her to go to the
Carlisle Hospital. At the hospital [the victim] met
Officer Grove and submitted herself to a rape kit
examination, which included a vaginal swab and
photographs of any bruising or markings on [her]
body. [The victim] had markings and bruises on her
arms, chest, and face.
Later that evening [the victim] went to the police
station and filed a written report on the incident. At
the urging of Officer Grove, [the victim] called
[Appellant] from the police station and allowed the call
to be recorded. [Appellant] was subsequently
arrested and charged with the above captioned
offenses.
At trial, [the victim] testified that, over the course of
their previous relationship, [Appellant] had physically
-3-
J-S04028-19
assaulted and threatened her. Specifically, she briefly
testified that he tackled her to the ground when she
was six months pregnant and, at a different time,
attempted to put her hands in a ceiling fan. Partially
as a result of these prior actions, [the victim] took the
[Appellant’s] threats seriously.
(Trial Court Opinion, 7/15/16, at 2-5) (footnote omitted).
On August 21, 2015, the Commonwealth filed a criminal
information charging Appellant with two counts of rape, and one
count each of burglary, sexual assault, criminal trespass,
terroristic threats, false imprisonment, and simple assault.
Immediately prior to the start of trial, on October 26, 2015,
Appellant moved to exclude all evidence of prior violent episodes
during his relationship with the victim. After hearing argument,
the trial court denied the motion.
A jury trial took place on October 26, 27, and 28, 2015. The jury
acquitted Appellant of rape, burglary, and terroristic threats, but
found him guilty of sexual assault, criminal trespass, false
imprisonment, and simple assault. On February 23, 2016, the
trial court sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of
incarceration of not less than three and one-half nor more than
seven years, to be followed by a two-year term of probation.
Commonwealth v. Cooper, 2017 WL 1372802, at **1-2 (Pa. Super. Apr.
13, 2017) (unpublished memorandum) (footnotes and most record citations
omitted).
On April 13, 2017, this Court affirmed the judgment of sentence. Id.
On October 12, 2017, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court denied leave to appeal.
See Commonwealth v. Cooper, 172 A.3d 1112 (Pa. 2017).
Cooper filed the instant, timely pro se PCRA petition on October 23,
2017. The PCRA court appointed counsel. An evidentiary hearing took place
on January 22, 2018.
-4-
J-S04028-19
At the hearing, Cooper provided a list of names to the PCRA court of
witnesses he stated were ready and available at trial to offer testimony on his
behalf, he verbally amended the list to add additional names at the hearing.
N.T. PCRA Hearing, 1/22/2018, at 6-13. None of the proposed witnesses
provided any affidavits substantiating his claims and none testified at the
PCRA hearing. Cooper also testified regarding various text messages, photos,
voicemails, phone records, Facebook messages, web pages, and other
documents, that he believed that counsel should have obtained and placed
into evidence at trial. Id. at 13-19.
Conversely, counsel testified that he was unaware of the existence of
most of the witnesses on the list. Id. at 38-39. Counsel stated that he spoke
with the sole witness Cooper asked him to interview, Ashlee Johnston, several
times but was unable to substantiate Cooper’s contention that she had
exculpatory evidence in the form of a text message from the victim claiming
that she was setting Cooper up. Id. at 38. Counsel also stated that Cooper
gave him several character letters but, when he explained that the individuals
who wrote them would have to testify in court, not just write letters, Cooper
refused to allow counsel to call them. Id. at 39. Counsel expressed that,
because Cooper was so adamant in not allowing him to call the character
witnesses, he wondered if the letters were fraudulent. Id. at 45. Counsel
also maintained that he believed his trial strategy of questioning the timeline
and the lack of severity of the victim’s injuries in contrast to her description
-5-
J-S04028-19
of a violent rape was successful. He pointed out that the jury acquitted Cooper
of four charges, including the three most serious charges, two counts of rape
and one count of burglary, all felonies of the first degree, as well as terroristic
threats. Id. at 39-40.
On January 25, 2018, the court denied Cooper’s petition. Cooper did
not file an appeal.
On April 26, 2018, Cooper filed a second, timely, pro se PCRA petition
claiming that counsel had failed to file a requested appeal of the denial of his
first PCRA petition. Following a hearing, on June 25, 2018, the PCRA court
reinstated Cooper’s appeal rights. The instant, timely appeal followed. 3
Our standard of review is well settled:
This Court analyzes PCRA appeals in the light most favorable to
the prevailing party at the PCRA level. Our review is limited to
the findings of the PCRA court and the evidence of record and we
do not disturb a PCRA court’s ruling if it is supported by evidence
of record and is free of legal error. Similarly, [w]e grant great
deference to the factual findings of the PCRA court and will not
disturb those findings unless they have no support in the record.
However, we afford no such deference to its legal conclusions.
[W]here the petitioner raises questions of law, our standard of
review is de novo and our scope of review is plenary. Finally, we
may affirm a PCRA court’s decision on any grounds if the record
supports it.
____________________________________________
3 Cooper timely filed a concise statement of errors complained of on appeal
pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate Procedure 1925(b). The PCRA
court issued an opinion on August 16, 2018.
-6-
J-S04028-19
Commonwealth v. Rigg, 84 A.3d 1080, 1084 (Pa. Super. 2014) (quotation
marks and citations omitted). Furthermore, where, as here, the defendant
alleges counsel rendered ineffective assistance, we note:
In order to obtain relief under the PCRA premised upon a claim
that counsel was ineffective, a petitioner must establish beyond a
preponderance of the evidence that counsel’s ineffectiveness so
undermined the truth-determining process that no reliable
adjudication of guilt or innocence could have taken place. When
considering such a claim, courts presume that counsel was
effective, and place upon the appellant the burden of proving
otherwise. Counsel cannot be found ineffective for failure to
assert a baseless claim.
To succeed on a claim that counsel was ineffective, Appellant must
demonstrate that: (1) the claim is of arguable merit; (2) counsel
had no reasonable strategic basis for his or her action or inaction;
and (3) counsel’s ineffectiveness prejudiced him.
Commonwealth v. Michaud, 70 A.3d 862, 867 (Pa. Super. 2013) (quotation
marks and citations omitted). “To demonstrate prejudice, a petitioner must
show that there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s actions or
inactions, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”
Commonwealth v. Mason, 130 A.3d 601, 618 (Pa. 2015).
In his first claim, Cooper contends that trial counsel failed to conduct an
adequate pre-trial investigation. Cooper’s Brief, at 4. Specifically, Cooper
argues that counsel failed to interview many potential witnesses, failed to
meet with him, and failed to formulate an adequate trial strategy. Id. at 9-
11. We disagree.
Our Supreme Court has stated that counsel has a general duty to
undertake reasonable investigations or make reasonable decisions that render
-7-
J-S04028-19
particular investigations unnecessary. Commonwealth v. Basemore, 744
A.2d 717, 735 (Pa. 2000). Counsel’s unreasonable failure to prepare for trial
is “an abdication of the minimum performance required of defense counsel.”
Commonwealth v. Johnson, 966 A.2d 523, 535 (Pa. 2009);
Commonwealth v. Brooks, 839 A.2d 245, 248 (Pa. 2003) (holding failure
to hold any meetings with defendant before trial was ineffective assistance of
counsel). This duty to investigate may include a duty to interview certain
potential witnesses; and a prejudicial failure to fulfill this duty may lead to a
finding of ineffective assistance of counsel. See Commonwealth v. Perry,
644 A.2d 705, 709 (Pa. 1994). Where matters of strategy and tactics are
concerned, we deem counsel’s assistance constitutionally effective if he chose
a particular course that had some reasonable basis to effect the client’s
interest. Commonwealth v. Lesko, 15 A.3d 345, 380 (Pa. 2011).
Initially, we note that part of this claim is interrelated with Cooper’s
second and third claims that trial counsel failed to investigate and call
witnesses, therefore we will discuss that part of the claim infra. To the extent
that Cooper claims that counsel did not meet with him sufficiently to develop
a coherent trial strategy, the record belies this claim.
At the PCRA hearing, counsel testified that he did not become involved
with the case until after arraignment but had several meetings and
conversations with Cooper. N.T. PCRA Hearing, 1/22/2018, at 37. As
discussed above, counsel testified that his trial strategy was to question both
-8-
J-S04028-19
the victim’s timeline and her lack of serious injury. Id. at 40. He stated that
he believed the strategy was successful because the jury acquitted Cooper of
the three most serious charges and one of the lesser charges. See id. at 40-
41. Counsel clarified that he could not proceed with Cooper’s preferred theory
of the case, that the victim texted him the night before the incident and invited
him over to both visit his child and to have sex because the telephone and
FaceTime logs obtained by the police did not support this version of events.
Id. at 42. He explained that, when he confronted Cooper with this
information, Cooper began to alter his account of the events. Id.
Here, the PCRA court found that counsel’s testimony with respect to this
issue was credible and Cooper’s testimony was not credible. Order,
1/25/2018. The court stated, “Specifically, [the PCRA] court finds that
[Cooper] was not credible in his assertions that former counsel . . . failed to
meet [him] or consult with him regarding trial strategy.” Id. As this finding
has support in the record, we have no basis to disturb it. Commonwealth
v. Dennis, 17 A.3d 297, 305 (Pa. 2011) (great deference is afforded to PCRA
court’s credibility findings).
Moreover, Cooper has not shown how counsel’s strategic decisions,
which resulted in his acquittal on the three most serious charges, prejudiced
him. Thus, Cooper has failed to set forth the ineffectiveness analysis required
by Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). Because Cooper
has not established the prejudice prong, we must deem counsel’s assistance
-9-
J-S04028-19
constitutionally effective. See Commonwealth v. Rolan, 964 A.2d 398, 406
(Pa. Super. 2008) (holding where appellant fails to establish any one of three
prongs of ineffectiveness test, he does not meet his burden of proving
ineffective assistance of counsel, and counsel is deemed constitutionally
effective); see also Lesko, supra at 380. Cooper’s first claim fails.
In his second claim, Cooper alleges that counsel was ineffective for
failing to investigate and call eight witnesses at trial. Cooper’s Brief, at 11-
12; N.T. PCRA Hearing, 1/22/2018, at 6. This claim fails.
To prove that trial counsel provided ineffective assistance for
failing to call a witness, a petitioner must demonstrate:
(1) the witness existed; (2) the witness was available
to testify for the defense; (3) counsel knew of, or
should have known of, the existence of the witness;
(4) the witness was willing to testify for the defense;
and (5) the absence of the testimony of the witness
was so prejudicial as to have denied the defendant a
fair trial.
Commonwealth v. Brown, 196 A.3d 130, 167 (Pa. 2018) (citation omitted).
Here, Cooper did not attach any certifications to his PCRA petition from
any of the proposed witnesses, as required by 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 9545(d)(1), and
none of them testified at the evidentiary hearing. This is fatal to his claim. 4
____________________________________________
4 Moreover, we note that the record reflects that one of the proposed
witnesses actually testified for the Commonwealth at trial. N.T. PCRA Hearing,
1/22/2018, at 10-11. Counsel testified at the PCRA hearing that Cooper never
told him about five of the proposed witnesses. Id. at 38. He also stated that
he investigated and interviewed one of the witnesses, Ashlee Johnston, and
she did not corroborate Cooper’s claim that she had exchanged exculpatory
- 10 -
J-S04028-19
Commonwealth v. Dennis, 950 A.2d 945, 964 (Pa. 2009) (holding that
defendant cannot prove claim that counsel was ineffective for failing to call
witnesses at trial without having those witnesses testify at PCRA hearing).
Cooper’s second claim fails.
In his third claim, Cooper contends that counsel was ineffective for
failing to call character witnesses. Cooper’s Brief, at 12-13. An attorney’s
failure to present character witnesses may constitute ineffective assistance of
counsel. Commonwealth v. Harris, 785 A.2d 998, 1000 (Pa. Super. 2001),
appeal denied, 847 A.2d 1279 (Pa. 2004). Our Supreme Court has stated:
[i]n a case such as this, where there are only two direct witnesses
involved, credibility of the witnesses is of paramount importance,
and character evidence is critical to the jury’s determination of
credibility. Evidence of good character is substantive, not mere
makeweight evidence, and may, in and of itself, create a
reasonable doubt of guilt and, thus, require a verdict of not guilty.
Commonwealth v. Weiss, 606 A.2d 439, 442 (Pa. 1992) (citation omitted).
However, an attorney who chooses not to present evidence of his client’s good
____________________________________________
text messages with the victim. Id. at 38. Counsel averred that Cooper
specifically told him not to call proposed witness Bettina Lyons-Lilly because
she was supportive of the victim. Id. at 38-39. Further, even assuming,
arguendo, that counsel was aware of these witnesses, and that they were
willing to testify, it is not readily apparent from Cooper’s often contradictory
and disjointed testimony at the PCRA hearing what their testimony would have
been, that the testimony would have been admissible, and that it would have
been helpful to the defense. Rather, it appears that the testimony of at least
two of the proposed witnesses would have helped the Commonwealth, as it
would have demonstrated that the victim made outcry statements that Cooper
had raped her, on the same day as the incident, to both her family and his.
Id. at 9, 11.
- 11 -
J-S04028-19
character is not ineffective so long as the attorney had a “reasonable strategic
basis” not to proffer such evidence. Commonwealth v. Von Horn, 797 A.2d
983, 988 (Pa. Super. 2002).
Here, Cooper did not testify at the PCRA hearing that he wanted counsel
to call character witnesses. No proposed character witnesses either submitted
affidavits or testified at the PCRA hearing, which is fatal to his claim. See
Dennis, supra at 964. Further, as discussed above, counsel did testify that
he wanted to call character witnesses and Cooper refused to allow him. N.T.
PCRA Hearing, 1/22/2018, at 39, 45. The trial court credited this testimony.
Order, 1/25/2018, at 1; Opinion, 8/16/2018, at 3. We have no basis to disturb
this finding, which the record supports. See Dennis, supra at 305.
Moreover, Cooper’s unsupported argument on appeal that counsel had a duty
to investigate and call to testify character witnesses even though Cooper had
specifically directed counsel not to call them is less than persuasive. Cooper’s
third claim fails.
In his final claim, Cooper maintains that trial counsel was ineffective for
failing to obtain and introduce at trial a plethora of voicemails, photographs,
text messages, phone records, and social media exchanges. Cooper’s Brief,
at 14-15. We disagree.
At the PCRA hearing, counsel testified that Cooper never requested that
he obtain any text messages, photos, or voicemails on his phone. N.T. PCRA
Hearing, 1/22/2018, at 46-47. Counsel also stated that he did not recall
- 12 -
J-S04028-19
Cooper requesting that he obtain phone records or social media exchanges.
Id. at 47-48. Counsel did review those phone records and text messages
obtained by the police, which did not contain exculpatory information as
Cooper claimed. Id. at 41. The PCRA court credited this testimony and we
have no basis to disturb the court’s findings. See Dennis, supra at 305.
Moreover, Cooper again fails to explain how these various documents
were either relevant or otherwise admissible, and how their absence
prejudiced him. Thus, he has failed to set forth the analysis required by
Strickland, and we must deem counsel’s actions to be constitutionally
effective. Rolan, supra. Cooper’s final claim fails.
In light of the foregoing, our review of this matter demonstrates that
the record supports the PCRA court’s denial of relief and is free from legal
error and abuse of discretion.
Order affirmed.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 4/26/2019
- 13 -
Com. v. Cooper, D.
Combined Opinion