[Cite as In re J.N., 2019-Ohio-1800.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
MONTGOMERY COUNTY
IN RE: J.N., M.N., I.N. :
:
: Appellate Case No. 28247
:
: Trial Court Case Nos. 2011-10072,
: 2011-10075 and 2011-10076
:
: (Appeal from Common Pleas Court-
: Juvenile Division)
:
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OPINION
Rendered on the 10th day of May, 2019.
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MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by SARAH E. HUTNIK, Atty. Reg. No. 0095900, Assistant
Prosecuting Attorney, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division,
Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, Dayton, Ohio 45422
Attorney for Appellee, Montgomery County Children Services
SARA M. BARRY, Atty. Reg. No. 0090909, 1139 Holly Avenue, Dayton, Ohio 45410
Attorney for Appellant, Mother
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TUCKER, J.
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{¶ 1} Mother appeals from a judgment of the juvenile court terminating her parental
rights and awarding permanent custody of her children to Montgomery County Children
Services (hereinafter “MCCS”). Mother contends that the court erred in concluding there
was clear and convincing evidence to support a finding that the grant of permanent
custody to MCCS was in the best interest of the children.
{¶ 2} We conclude that the juvenile court did not err by finding that granting
permanent custody to MCCS was in the best interest of the minor children. The court's
findings under R.C. 2151.414(D) were supported by competent, credible evidence.
Accordingly, the judgment of the juvenile court is affirmed.
I. Facts and Procedural History
{¶ 3} Mother’s three minor children, J.N., M.N. and I.N., are the subject of this
appeal; she has five children in total. J.N. was born in 2007. I.N. was born in 2008.
M.N. was born in 2010.1
{¶ 4} MCCS became involved with this family in 2006 regarding Mother’s eldest
daughter, who was placed in the legal custody of a relative. MCCS became involved
with the family again in September 2011, when Mother gave birth, at home, to another
daughter. 2 When medics responded to the home, they observed the child was not
1
The biological father of the three children was incarcerated from 2011 until 2013. He
died from a drug overdose in 2014.
2
The father of this child, Mother’s fifth child, is not the father of the three children involved
in this appeal.
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responsive. After being transported to the hospital, Mother tested positive for
benzodiazepines and cocaine, and the child tested positive for cocaine.3
{¶ 5} Subsequently, in November 2011, 16-month-old M.N. was found wandering
outside the family home. MCCS caseworkers were called to the home and learned that
Mother had been transported to the hospital with a blood alcohol content of .291. The
caseworkers observed that the home was filled with trash and dirty dishes. The floor
was littered with broken glass, soiled diapers, used razors, and used tampons, and
medications were within reach of the children. There was no edible food in the home.
The children had to undergo medical treatment because they were ill and had fevers.
{¶ 6} The children were removed from the home, and a dependency complaint was
filed. The children were adjudicated dependent in February 2012. MCCS developed a
case plan for reunification of Mother and the children. Mother completed her case plan,
and the children were returned to her custody in August 2013.
{¶ 7} In June 2015, MCCS again became involved with the family when Mother
was incarcerated on charges of felony child endangerment and domestic violence
involving the children. Mother was convicted of the charges and was placed on
community control. After investigating the matter, MCCS learned that Mother had also
been convicted of misdemeanor child endangerment in March 2015, after she was
arrested for driving under the influence while the children were in the vehicle.
{¶ 8} The children were again removed from the home, and temporary custody
was granted to MCCS. M.N. was placed in the foster home where she had previously
3 This child was subsequently adopted in Greene County and is no longer a party to this
proceeding.
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resided and which has remained her foster home throughout the proceedings. I.N. and
J.N. were placed in a different foster home, but were subsequently placed with relatives.
However, in November 2015, the boys were placed in their current foster home.
{¶ 9} MCCS developed a case plan for Mother, which included requirements that
she maintain stable housing and employment, engage in visitation with the children, and
engage in treatment and follow-up care for drug, alcohol and mental health issues.
{¶ 10} In June 2016, the juvenile court granted a first extension of temporary
custody to MCCS. A second extension was granted in January 2017. MCCS filed a
motion for permanent custody on April 20, 2017. A hearing was conducted on October
5, 2017. Following the hearing, the magistrate issued a decision granting permanent
custody of the children to MCCS, and Mother filed objections. The juvenile court
overruled Mother’s objections and granted permanent custody to MCCS. Mother
appeals.
II. Analysis
{¶ 11} Mother’s sole assignment of error states as follows:
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THERE WAS CLEAR AND
CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT PERMANENT CUSTODY TO MCCS IS
IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILDREN.
{¶ 12} Mother contends that the record does not contain evidence to support the
juvenile court’s finding that granting permanent custody to MCCS was in the best interest
of the children.
{¶ 13} A juvenile court is authorized to terminate parental rights and grant
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permanent custody to the State upon a finding, by clear and convincing evidence, that
permanent custody is in a child's best interest and that the child has been in the State's
custody for at least 12 of the preceding 22 months. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d).
{¶ 14} Here, the record establishes that the children had been in temporary
custody for more than 12 months of a consecutive 22 month period at the time that MCCS
filed its motion for permanent custody. Accordingly, the trial court only had to consider
whether permanent custody was in their best interest. In re E.S., 2d Dist. Clark No. 2016-
CA-36, 2017-Ohio-219, ¶ 20.
{¶ 15} Under R.C. 2151.414(D), the best interest of the child encompasses “all
relevant factors,” which include:
(1) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's parents,
siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers, and any
other person who may significantly affect the child;
(2) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or through the
child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the child;
(3) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has been
in the temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies
or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive
twenty-two month period ending on or after March 18, 1999;
(4) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether
that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent
custody to the agency;
(5) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section apply
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in relation to the parents and child.
{¶ 16} In evaluating these factors, the trial court found that the children were
bonded to both their Mother and their foster families. The court further found that the
children were adoptable. The magistrate conducted an in camera interview of the
children, but concluded that they were “not fully capable of comprehending the nature of
permanent custody.” Dkt. 24. The boys expressed the wish to return to their Mother.
M.N. was unsure about returning to Mother. The guardian ad litem (GAL) recommended
that permanent custody be granted to MCCS.
{¶ 17} The evidence showed that M.N. was doing well in her foster home and had
made progress in school while in the care of her foster parents. M.N. was also very
bonded to the foster parents’ daughter. Additionally, the foster parents had maintained
contact with M.N.’s older and younger sisters, neither of whom were a part of this action,
and kept them involved in M.N.’s life. Her foster parents wished to adopt her.
{¶ 18} The boys had also done well in their foster home. They both had been
diagnosed with mental health issues, and the foster parents had enrolled them in ongoing
treatment. While the boys’ grades were below average, they had made progress in
school while in the care of their foster parents. The foster parents had determined that
they could adopt the boys, but they were willing to keep them until an adoptive home
could be found. The evidence demonstrated that the boys had shown improvement
while in a stable home.
{¶ 19} Regarding the custodial history, the court noted that the children had
previously been removed from Mother’s home and had been in the custody of MCCS for
a period of almost two years. Further, the children had returned to and been in the
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custody of MCCS for an additional period of more than two years at the time of the
permanent custody hearing. At that point, J.N. was 12, I.N. was 11 and M.N. was 9.
Thus, each child had spent a significant portion of his/her life in the temporary custody of
MCCS.
{¶ 20} The court further found that the children's need for a legally secure
permanent placement could not be achieved without granting permanent custody to
MCCS. In support, the court noted that Mother had failed to adequately address her
case plan in order to remedy her substance abuse and mental health issues.
{¶ 21} While the MCCS caseworker testified that Mother had made progress on
her case plan, at the time the permanent custody hearing, she had not adequately
addressed the issues that led to the removal of the children. Mother claimed to be living
in a home that she rented from her friend, whom she identified simply as Anthony. The
home was virtually empty and had no beds. Mother produced a lease signed by
Anthony, even though Anthony did not appear to own the property. MCCS was unable
to ascertain Mother’s relationship with Anthony and whether Mother was residing with
him. The case worker testified that Mother was not forthcoming about her relationship
with Anthony even when asked why his name was tattooed across her chest.
{¶ 22} More importantly, while Mother did engage in a program for her substance
abuse and mental health issues, she only sporadically attended the recommended
aftercare program. In fact, she had not engaged in the aftercare program since January
2017, a period of eight months prior to the hearing. While Mother claims that there was
no evidence presented that she still abused alcohol or drugs, we note that she admitted
to a caseworker that she occasionally drinks. Further, MCCS had been involved with
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Mother since 2006, and there was evidence that Mother has had an ongoing problem with
substance abuse. Mother did not testify at the hearing to dispute the testimony of the
caseworker and the GAL, who testified that her substance abuse and failure to engage in
treatment had been an ongoing issue.
{¶ 23} Additionally, while Mother was consistent in visitation with the children, the
GAL testified that during the visits there was very little interaction between Mother and
the children and that Mother would generally just observe the children while they played.
The caseworker corroborated this testimony.
{¶ 24} Finally, the juvenile court also found that R.C. 2151.414(E)(9) applied to this
case. That section of the statute requires the court to consider whether a parent “has
placed the child at substantial risk of harm two or more times due to alcohol or drug abuse
and has rejected treatment two or more times or refused to participate in further treatment
two or more times after a case plan issued pursuant to section 2151.412 of the Revised
Code requiring treatment of the parent was journalized as part of a dispositional order
issued with respect to the child or an order was issued by any other court requiring
treatment of the parent.” Id. As noted above, the children were left unattended in 2011
when Mother was transported to the hospital due to a significant blood alcohol level.
M.N., who was 16 months old at the time, was found outside the home by a neighbor.
Mother was also arrested in March 2015 for driving while intoxicated with the children in
the car. She was convicted of misdemeanor child endangering. Also, in June 2015,
she was arrested for, and subsequently convicted of, felony child endangering and
domestic violence.
{¶ 25} “In a proceeding for the termination of parental rights, all of the court's
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findings must be supported by clear and convincing evidence.” In re J.R., 2d Dist.
Montgomery No. 21749, 2007-Ohio-186, ¶ 9, citing R.C. 2151.414(E). We conclude that
this record contains competent, credible evidence to support the juvenile court’s
conclusion that awarding permanent custody to MCCS was in the best interest of the
children. Accordingly, Mother’s sole assignment of error is overruled.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 26} Mother’s assignment of error being overruled, the judgment of the juvenile
court is affirmed.
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DONOVAN, J. and FROELICH, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Mathias H. Heck, Jr.
Sarah E. Hutnik
Sara M. Barry
Lauren Davenport
Courtney Price
Hon. Helen Wallace