In the Interest of: J.R., a Minor

J-S24001-19

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

IN THE INTEREST OF: J.R., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: J.T.R., FATHER :
:
:
:
:
: No. 3388 EDA 2018

Appeal from the Decree Entered October 30, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-AP-0001005-2017

*****

IN THE INTEREST OF: J.R., A MINOR : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
APPEAL OF: J.T.R., FATHER :
:
:
:
:
: No. 3389 EDA 2018

Appeal from the Decree Entered October 30, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Family Court at
No(s): CP-51-DP-0000687-2017

BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STEVENS*, P.J.E.

MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED MAY 21, 2019

____________________________________
* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court.
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J.T.R. (Father) appeals1 from the trial court’s decrees2 involuntarily

terminating his parental rights to his minor son, J.R., a/k/a J.C.R., (Child)

(born 2/17) and changing the goal from reunification to adoption. After

careful review, we affirm.

Child was born prematurely in February 2017; at the time of Child’s

birth, Mother identified a different male as Child’s biological father. When

Child was born, Mother’s three other children were already in foster care3 due

to abuse allegations related to Mother. On March 8, 2017, Child was

adjudicated dependent and placed into the care and custody of the

Philadelphia Department of Human Services (DHS). Child entered kinship care

with Maternal Great-Grandmother, a pre-adoptive resource.

Father first identified himself to Community Umbrella Agency (CUA)

case manager Rayonna Hall as Child’s biological father on February 10, 2018,

having previously denied paternity to the same case manager in April 2017.4

N.T. Termination/Goal Change Hearing, 10/30/18, at 100, 105. When Father

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1Our court consolidated these separate appeals sua sponte. See Pa.R.A.P.
513.

2 Technically, Father’s appeal of the dependency docket is from a permanency
review order changing the goal from reunification to adoption.

3Mother’s three other children had come into DHS’ care and custody in May
2016; an abuse report was determined to be “founded” regarding Mother’s
actions toward one of the three children.

4 Allegedly, Father admitted to another CUA agency worker that he was Child’s
father, but later denied it to Hall. N.T. Termination/Goal Change Hearing,
10/30/18, at 138.

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admitted his paternity, the case manager told Father that he would have to

provide the agency with his contact information, would need to attend the

next permanency hearing, that she would try to get Father visitation with

Child, and that she would also provide Father with single case plan objectives.

Id. at 108-109. At that time the case manager also gave Father her contact

information. Id. at 109. The court ordered the following plan objectives for

Father: referral to the Clinical Evaluation Unit (CEU) for a urine drug screen

assessment; three random drug screens; compliance with programs and

services through the Achieving Reunification Center (ARC); and employment

verification to CUA.

Beginning in May 2018, Father was permitted to have weekly,

supervised visitation with Child. At the time of the termination/goal change

hearing in October 2018, Father had only visited with Child twice within the

past year. Id. at 131. At the time of the hearing, Father was living with his

aunt; CUA had deemed the aunt’s residence in violation of a safety plan and,

thus, not appropriate for Child. Id. 160. Father received treatment which

was part of his service plan objective, however he had not signed releases so

CUA was unable to verify his compliance.

On May 7, 2018, DHS filed a motion for aggravated circumstances

against Father based on his failure to maintain substantial and continuing

contact with Child. In the motion, DHS alleged that Father had known of Child

and visited with Child on April 15, 2017, but had not visited with Child again

until January 2018. On May 8, 2018, DHS filed petitions to involuntarily

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terminate Father’s parental rights to Child and to change the goal from

reunification to adoption. The termination petition sought termination under

sections 2511(a)(1), (2), (5), (8), and (b) of the Adoption Act.5 On September

20, 2018, the court entered an aggravated circumstances order with regard

to Father, finding “clear and convincing evidence [was] presented to establish

that the alleged aggravated circumstances exist[.]” Order, 9/20/18, at 1.

On October 30, 2018, the trial court held a joint termination of parental

rights and goal change hearing.6 CUA case manager Rayonna Hall and Father

testified at the proceeding. After the hearing, the court entered a decree

involuntarily terminating Father’s parental rights under sections 2511(a)(1),

(2) and (b) of the Adoption Act7 and a permanency review order changing the

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5 See 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2101-2910. At the conclusion of the termination/goal
change hearing, DHS’ counsel indicated that the agency was proceeding to
terminate Father’s parent rights under sections 2511(a)(1), (2), and (b). N.T.
Termination/Goal Change Hearing, 10/30/18, at 216.
6 Child was represented by guardian ad litem, Christina Magnus, Esquire, and
attorney, Mario D’Adamo, Esquire, at the termination/goal change hearing.
See 23 Pa.C.S. § 2313(a) (children have statutory right to counsel in
contested involuntary termination proceedings) and In re K.R., 200 A.3d 969
(Pa. Super. 2018) (en banc), but see In Re: T.S., E.S., 192 A.3d 1080, 1092
(Pa. 2018) (“[D]uring contested termination-of-parental-rights proceedings,
where there is no conflict between a child’s legal and best interests, an
attorney-guardian ad litem representing the child’s best interests can also
represent the child’s legal interests.”). Guardian ad litem for Child has joined
in the brief filed by DHS on appeal.

7Mother voluntarily relinquished her parental rights to Child. She is not a
party to this appeal.

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goal from reunification to adoption. Father filed timely notices of appeal8 and

a court-ordered Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) concise statement of errors complained of

on appeal.9 Father presents the following issues for our consideration:10

(1) The trial court abused its discretion by terminating parental
rights under § 2511(a)(1) of the Pennsylvania Adoption Act.

(2) The trial court abused its discretion by terminating parental
rights under § 2511(a)(2) of the Pennsylvania Adoption Act.

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8 Father filed two separate notices of appeal for each lower court docket
(dependency and adoption) in compliance with Commonwealth v. Walker,
185 A.3d 969, 977 (Pa. 2018), which held that “[I]n future cases [Pa.R.A.P.]
341(a) will, in accordance with its Official Note, require that when a single
order resolves issues arising on more than one lower court docket, separate
notices of appeal must be filed. The failure to do so will result in quashal of
the appeal.” See also In re M.P., 2019 PA Super 55 (Pa. Super. filed
February 22, 2019) (applying Walker holding in termination of parental
rights/goal change appeal).

9 On January 25, 2019, our Court remanded this case to the trial court for a
determination as to whether counsel, who was still of record but failed to file
a docketing statement in the appeal, had abandoned Father. On January 31,
2019, counsel sent this Court a letter noting that she had not abandoned
Father, but that “[her]appeal was separated into two case numbers 3388 EDA
2018 and 3389 EDA 2018. [She] filed [her] docketing statement successfully
in December for 3389 [sic] 2018 . . . [and] did not realize there were no cases
until [she] received the notice to file the docketing statement under 3388.”
Letter from Julie Hillman Rose, Esquire, 1/31/19. On February 4, 2019, the
trial court entered an order stating that after conducting an abandonment
determination hearing, the court found Attorney Rose indicated she complied
with all outstanding requests from the Superior Court and that she had not
abandoned her client. Trial Court Order, 2/4/19.

10 We note that Father’s brief does not comply in many respects with our
briefing rules found in the Rules of Appellate Procedure. See Pa.R.A.P. 2101,
et seq. Counsel is cautioned that in the future this lack of compliance could
result in waiver or dismissal of an appeal.

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(3) The trial court abused its discretion in [c]hanging the [g]oal
to [a]doption.

Appellant’s Brief, at 7-9.11

We review a trial court’s decision to involuntarily terminate parental

rights for an abuse of discretion or error of law. In re A.R., 837 A.2d 560,

563 (Pa. Super. 2003). Our scope of review is limited to determining whether

the trial court’s order is supported by competent evidence. Id.

Father first claims that the trial court abused its discretion by

terminating his parental rights to Child under section 2511(a)(1) where DHS

did not prove that Father knew he was Child’s father before February 2018,

Father attempted to schedule visits with Child, Father has stable housing, and

DHS did not demonstrate Father’s desire to relinquish his parental rights.

In a proceeding to terminate parental rights involuntarily, the
burden of proof is on the party seeking termination to establish
by clear and convincing evidence the existence of grounds for
doing so. The standard of clear and convincing evidence is defined
as testimony that is so “clear, direct, weighty and convincing as
to enable the trier of fact to come to a clear conviction, without
hesitance, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” It is well
established that a court must examine the individual
circumstances of each and every case and consider all
explanations offered by the parent to determine if the evidence in
light of the totality of the circumstances clearly warrants
termination.

In re adoption of S.M., 816 A.2d 1117, 1122 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citation

omitted). See also In re C.P., 901 A.2d 516, 520 (Pa. Super. 2006) (party

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11 We have discerned the issues Father wishes to raise on appeal from the
“Arguement” [sic] section of his brief since he left the page titled “Statement
of the Questions Involved” blank. Appellant’s Brief, at 4.

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seeking termination of parental rights bears burden of proving by clear and

convincing evidence that at least one of eight grounds for termination under

23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a) exists and that termination promotes emotional needs

and welfare of child set forth in 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(b)).12

At the termination/goal change hearing, case manager Hall testified that

Child does not look to Father to provide for his day-to-day needs. N.T.

Termination/Goal Change Hearing, 10/30/18, at 131. Hall also testified that

Father has never sent Child letters, gifts or financial support his entire life.

Id. However, Hall did testify that Father asks her about Child’s general well-

being. Id. Hall testified that because Father has not adequately participated

in his single case plan objectives, she would not recommend he be granted

unsupervised visitation. Id. at 132. Child has bonded with his biological

sibling in his kinship home, is well-bonded with the entire kinship family, and

looks to Great-Grandmother to provide for his physical and emotional needs.

Id. at 132-33. Finally, Hall testified that it would be in Child’s best interests

to be adopted, that terminating Father’s parental rights would not irreparably

harm Child, and that there is no parent-child bond between Father and Child.

Id. at 140.

Father testified that he first suspected he could be Child’s biological

father after he slept with Mother. Id. at 166. Father also testified that he

never gave DHS any employment information or verification, but that he
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12 Father does not argue in his appellate brief that the trial court abused its
discretion by terminating his rights under section 2511(b).

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“work[s] under the table packing food in New Jersey.” Id. at 176. Father

acknowledged that he has never provided financial support for Child and has

never given Child any presents or sent Child any cards or letters. Id. at 176-

77. At the time of the hearing, Father was on probation for a 2010 robbery.

Id. at 184-85. Father testified that he contacted case manager Hall, via text

message and voicemail, to set up visitation with Child, but that he never heard

back from her. Id. at 194-95. However, Father also acknowledged that he

was “holding off” on seeing Child until Child attended Family School. Id. at

209. At the hearing, Father produced a certificate indicating that he had

graduated from anger management classes in August 2018. Id. at 200.

Although Father had started mental health counseling in 2017, he was

incarcerated soon thereafter and never completed the program. Id. at 203-

204. Finally, Father testified that he would like to have a relationship with

Child, wants to take care of Child, and would be willing to obtain verified

employment. Id. at 206-207.

Based upon competent evidence of record, we conclude that DHS

proved, by clear and convincing evidence, termination was proper under

section 2511(a)(1) where Father, for “a period of at least six months

immediately preceding the filing of the [termination] petition[,] . . . refused

or failed to perform parental duties.” 23 Pa.C.S. § 2511(a)(1). Father

believed he could be Child’s biological father child for more than one year

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before the termination hearing.13 During that time Father never provided

emotional, financial, or physical support for Child. Father visited with Child

only two times during Child’s lifetime. Father did not comply and complete

his service plan objectives. Finally, CUA case manager Hall testified that

Father and Child are not bonded, termination would not irreparably harm Child

and, that adoption would be in Child’s best interests where his foster family is

a pre-adoptive resource and is meeting all of his needs.14

In his final issue, Father contends that CYS did not prove, by clear and

convincing evidence, that Child’s best interests could not be served by

reunification. Rather, he alleges that CYS only proved that “[Child] was happy

and settled with his Maternal Great-Grandmother.” Appellant’s Brief, at 8.

With regard to goal change, our standard of review is well settled:

In cases involving a court’s order changing the placement goal . .
. to adoption, our standard of review is [an] abuse of discretion.
To hold that the trial court abused its discretion, we must
determine its judgment was manifestly unreasonable, that the
court disregarded the law, or that its action was a result of
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13 Verification of paternity is not a prerequisite to the duty of performing
parental duties for purposes of terminating parental rights. See In re Z.S.W.,
946 A.3d 726 (Pa. Super. 2008) (Court refused to adopt rationale that “until
. . . parentage was confirmed by a paternity test” all fathers would be relieved
of their parenting duties).

14 Having found that termination was proper under section, 2511(a)(1), we
need not consider Father’s second issue – whether the trial court abused its
discretion by terminating Father’s parental rights under section 2511(a)(2).
See In re B.L.W., 843 A.2d 380, 384 (Pa. Super. 2004) (en banc) (Court
may affirm trial court’s decision regarding termination of parental rights with
regard to any singular subsection of section 2511(a)).

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partiality, prejudice, bias or ill will. While this Court is bound by
the facts determined in the trial court, we are not tied to the
court’s inferences, deductions and conclusions; we have a
responsibility to ensure that the record represents a
comprehensive inquiry and that the hearing judge has applied the
appropriate legal principles to that record.

In re S.B., 943 A.2d 973, 977 (Pa. Super. 2008) (citations and internal

quotation marks omitted). The trial court must focus on the child and

determine the goal in accordance with the child’s best interests, not those of

the parents. Id. at 978. Moreover, “[s]afety, permanency, and well-being of

the child must take precedence over all other considerations.” Id. (citation

omitted).

At each permanency hearing, the court shall determine, among other

things, “the continuing necessity for and appropriateness of the placement” of

a child, as well as whether efforts to reunify the family need to be made or

should continue being made where aggravated circumstances exist. See 42

Pa.C.S. §§ 6351(f)(1), (9). When parents have cooperated with the agency,

achieved the goals of their permanency plans, and alleviated the

circumstances that necessitated the child’s original placement, the agency

should continue to put forth efforts to reunite the child with his parents. In

re A.K., 906 A.2d 596 (Pa. Super. 2006). However, “when the child welfare

agency has made reasonable efforts to return a foster child to . . . [his or] her

biological parent, but those efforts have failed, then the agency must redirect

its efforts towards placing the child in an adoptive home.” In re N.C., 909

A.2d 818, 823 (Pa. Super. 2006).

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Again, after a comprehensive review of the record in this case, we

discern no abuse of discretion in the trial court’s decision to change Child’s

permanency goal from reunification to adoption. The decision is well-

supported by the evidence where: the court found aggravated circumstances

existed with regard to Father; Father did not comply with his permanency

plan; Father has not made any progress toward alleviating the circumstances

which necessitated Child’s original placement; Father has not contributed in

any way to Child’s physical or emotional well-being; and there is no

demonstrated bond between Father and Child. Moreover, Child has bonded

with her foster family, a pre-adoptive resource. Great-Grandmother provides

for Child’s physical and emotional needs and thrives in her care. The trial

court’s determination to change the goal to adoption is best-suited to meet

Child’s needs and welfare. In re S.B., supra.

Decrees affirmed.
Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary

Date: 5/21/19

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