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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JOEL BLACKSON :
:
Appellant : No. 1371 EDA 2017
Appeal from the PCRA Order April 12, 2017
In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-51-CR-1101781-1998
BEFORE: OTT, J., DUBOW, J., and STRASSBURGER*, J.
MEMORANDUM BY DUBOW, J.: FILED JUNE 07, 2019
Appellant, Joel Blackson, appeals from the April 12, 2017 Order
dismissing as untimely his third Petition filed pursuant to the Post Conviction
Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S. §§ 9541-9546. After careful review, we find
that Appellant properly pleaded and proved an exception to the PCRA time-
bar and, therefore, we reverse.
The relevant factual and procedural history is as follows. On August 11,
1999, following a non-jury trial, the Honorable Willis Berry, Jr. convicted
Appellant of Third Degree Murder and related offenses. On September 27,
1999, Judge Berry sentenced Appellant to an aggregate term of 17½ to 35
years’ incarceration. Appellant timely appealed, and this Court affirmed his
Judgment of Sentence on December 27, 2001. Appellant did not file a petition
for allowance of appeal in the Pennsylvania Supreme Court. Appellant’s
sentence, therefore, became final on January 28, 2002, the last day he could
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* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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have filed a petition for allowance of appeal.1 See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(3);
Pa.R.A.P. 1113(a).
On January 27, 2016, more than thirteen years after his Judgment of
Sentence became final, Appellant filed the instant PCRA Petition, his third,
making a claim of judicial bias and asserting that the newly-discovered fact
that Judge Berry was recently convicted for crimes of dishonestly
demonstrates that Judge Berry was not a fair and impartial judge during
Appellant’s court proceedings before Judge Berry. PCRA Petition, filed
1/27/16, at 2-3. The PCRA Petition also alleged that Judge Berry exhibited
dishonesty when he issued conflicting findings of facts in the 1925(a) Opinion
filed in connection with Appellant’s direct appeal as compared to the 1925(a)
Opinion issued following the denial of Appellant’s first PCRA Petition in 2005.
Id.; PCRA Petition Memorandum of Law, filed 1/27/16, at 2-3. Further,
Appellant alleged that Judge Berry’s second Opinion does not support a verdict
for Third Degree Murder because it “recounts facts which support a verdict of
self-defense or unreasonable self-defense.” PCRA Petition Memorandum of
Law, filed 1/27/16, at 2-3. In response, the Commonwealth filed a Motion to
Dismiss alleging that the Petition was untimely and failed to establish any
exception to the PCRA’s time-bar. Motion to Dismiss, 10/19/2016, at 8-12.
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1 January 26, 2002 was a Saturday. See 1 Pa.C.S. § 1908.
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On March 21, 2017, the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 Notice
advising Appellant of its intent to dismiss the Petition as untimely without a
hearing. Appellant filed a Response. On April 12, 2017, the PCRA court
dismissed Appellant’s Petition as untimely.2
Appellant timely appealed. Both Appellant and the PCRA court complied
with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Appellant raises the following issues on appeal:
I. Whether the PCRA court erred in determining that the PCRA
Petition was untimely because the Petition was filed within
60 days of the date that the conviction of Judge Willis Berry
occurred and, additionally, the Commonwealth suppressed
[sic] when it became aware of the crimen falsi behavior of
Judge Berry?
II. Whether the PCRA court’s conclusion that Appellant has no
evidence that Judge Berry’s corrupt behavior influenced the
decisions in his case is speculative at best and contrary to
Rippo v. Baker, [137 S.Ct. 905 (2017),] which held that
Appellant does not have to show that Judge Berry was
“actually biased” in his case to establish a violation of due
process when the correct legal standard is “whether, as an
objective matter, the average judge in the position of Judge
Berry is likely to be neutral, or whether there is an
unconstitutional potential for bias?
Appellant’s Brief at 2 (some capitalization omitted).
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2 We acknowledge that the language on the April 12, 2017 Order dismissed
the PCRA Petition “on the merits.” Order, 4/12/2017. However, the PCRA
court stated on the record that the Petition was untimely. See N.T. 3/21/17,
at 8. Moreover, the Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 Notice advised Appellant that the
Petition was untimely. Notice, 3/21/17. Finally, the 1925(a) Opinion states
that the PCRA court dismissed the Petition as untimely. Trial Court Opinion,
filed 7/17/17, at 2. Accordingly, we consider the PCRA Petition to be dismissed
as untimely.
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We review the denial of a PCRA Petition to determine whether the record
supports the PCRA court’s findings and whether its Order is otherwise free of
legal error. Commonwealth v. Fears, 86 A.3d 795, 803 (Pa. 2014). This
Court grants great deference to the findings of the PCRA court if they are
supported by the record. Commonwealth v. Boyd, 923 A.2d 513, 515 (Pa.
Super. 2007). We give no such deference, however, to the court’s legal
conclusions. Commonwealth v. Ford, 44 A.3d 1190, 1194 (Pa. Super.
2012).
In order to obtain relief under the PCRA, a petition must be timely filed.
See 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545 (providing jurisdictional requirements for the timely
filing of a petition for post-conviction relief). A petition must be filed within
one year from the date the judgment of sentence became final. 42 Pa.C.S. §
9545(b)(1). “This limitation is jurisdictional in nature” and “jurisdictional time
limits go to a court's right or competency to adjudicate a controversy.”
Commonwealth v. Bennett, 930 A.2d 1264, 1267 (Pa. 2007) (citations
omitted). If a PCRA petition is untimely, neither this Court nor the PCRA court
has the legal authority to address any substantive claims. Commonwealth
v. Chester, 895 A.2d 520, 522 (Pa. 2006).
Appellant’s Petition, filed more than thirteen years after his Judgment
of Sentence became final, is facially untimely.
Pennsylvania courts may consider an untimely PCRA petition, however,
if an appellant pleads and proves one of the three exceptions set forth in
Section 9545(b)(1). Any petition invoking a timeliness exception must be filed
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within 60 days of the date the claim could have been presented. 42 Pa.C.S §
9545(b)(2).3
In his PCRA Petition, Appellant attempts to invoke the timeliness
exception under Section 9545(b)(1)(ii), which requires Appellant to plead and
prove “the facts upon which the claim is predicated were unknown to the
petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence.” 42 Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). Our Supreme Court has held that the
exception set forth in Section 9545(b)(1)(ii) “does not require any merits
analysis of the underlying claim.” Bennett, 930 A.2d at 1271. Rather the
exception merely requires the petitioner to plead and prove two elements:
“1) the facts upon which the claim was predicated were unknown and 2)
could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due diligence.” Id. at
1272 (internal quotation marks omitted; emphasis in original) citing 42
Pa.C.S. § 9545(b)(1)(ii). “If the petitioner alleges and proves these two
components, then the PCRA court has jurisdiction over the claim under this
subsection.” Id. Importantly, “to constitute facts which were unknown to a
petitioner and could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence, the information must not be of public record and must not be facts
that were previously known but are now presented through a newly[-
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3 Effective December 24, 2018, Section 9545(b)(2) now provides that for
claims arising after on or after December 24, 2017, “[a]ny petition invoking
an exception . . . shall be filed within one year of the date the claim could
have been presented.”
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]discovered source.” Commonwealth v. Edmiston, 65 A.3d 339, 352 (Pa.
2013).
Moreover, the law does not require a “nexus” between the newly-
discovered facts and the PCRA petitioner’s conviction or sentence for purposes
of satisfying the PCRA time-bar exceptions. Commonwealth v. Blakeney,
193 A.3d 350, 362 (Pa. 2018). As stated above, “[c]onsideration of the merits
is distinct from a timeliness analysis.” Id.; Bennett, 930 A.2d at 1271.
Our Supreme Court has explained, “[t]he question for timeliness
purposes is whether the newly-discovered facts form a predicate for the
underlying claim.” Blakeney, 193 A.3d at 362. For example, in
Commonwealth v. Chmiel, 173 A.3d 617 (Pa. 2017), our Supreme Court
held that the appellant satisfied the PCRA time-bar for a newly-discovered fact
when the appellant made a claim that his conviction rested upon unreliable
hair comparison evidence. Chmiel, 173 A.3d at 625-26. The Supreme Court
concluded that the claim was predicated upon newly-discovered facts
contained within an FBI press release, which conceded that some FBI
examiners gave scientifically flawed testimony regarding hair comparison
evidence. Id. In order to satisfy Section 9545(b)(1)(ii), the appellant was
not required to plead and prove that the testimony offered in his case
constituted the exact type of testimony that that the FBI repudiated in its
press release, i.e., a “nexus” between the claim and the fact. Id. at 626 n.7.
Rather, our Supreme Court determined that “those considerations go to the
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merits of the underlying issue rather than to the timeliness of the PCRA
petition.” Id.
Likewise, in Blakeney, supra, our Supreme Court held that the
appellant satisfied the PCRA time-bar for a newly-discovered fact. Blakeney,
193 A.3d at 362. The appellant asserted judicial bias after the publication of
newspaper reports alleging a judge who participated in his direct and PCRA
appeal exchanged offensive emails with the prosecution, and the Court
concluded that the facts in the newspaper reports served as a predicate for
the appellant’s underlying claim of judicial bias. Id. The appellant was not
required to demonstrate a “‘nexus’ between the newly-discovered facts and
his conviction or sentence for purposes of satisfying the timeliness
exception[.]” Id.
Finally, our Supreme Court has explained, “due process requires that
the post conviction process be fundamentally fair. . . . Thus, petitioners must
be given the opportunity for the presentation of claims at a meaningful time
and in a meaningful manner.” Bennett, 930 A.2d at 1273.
In his PCRA Petition, Appellant avers the “newly-discovered fact” that
Judge Willis was convicted of and sentenced for felonies involving dishonesty
on December 11, 2015.4 PCRA Petition at 2. Appellant contends that he
became aware of this fact when a court sentenced Judge Willis on that date.
Id. Appellant asserts that the verdicts and sentences that Judge Berry
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4Judge Willis was convicted of Conflict of Interest pursuant to 65 Pa.C.S §
1103(a) and Theft of Services pursuant to 18 Pa.C.S. § 3926(b).
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imposed on him are highly illustrative of a pattern of dishonesty, and claims
that Judge Willis was not an impartial judge. Id. at 2-3.
The trial court dismissed this claim as untimely, opining that Appellant
could have exercised due diligence to learn that 1) this Court issued two
decisions addressing Judge Berry’s possible impartiality prior to his conviction;
2) the Pennsylvania Court of Judicial Conduct suspended Judge Berry for four
months for his alleged conduct, effective August 16, 2009; and 3) Judge Berry
was convicted on July 22, 2015. Trial Court Opinion, filed 7/17/17, at 5-6.
The trial court further opined that Appellant “could have learned of Judge
Berry’s conviction on July 22, 2015, and thus [Appellant], at the latest, had
60 days from that date (September 22, 2015) to raise his claim.”
In his first issue, Appellant avers that the PCRA court erred in
determining that his PCRA Petition was untimely. Appellant’s Brief at 10.
Appellant argues that the 60-day time period was triggered when Judge Berry
was sentenced on December 11, 2015, rather than when the jury returned a
guilty verdict on July 22, 2015. Id. at 12. Appellant further asserts that the
“conviction” was not final until December 11, 2015, when the trial court denied
a pending post-verdict Motion for Insufficient Evidence and sentenced
Appellant. Id. We agree.
As an initial matter, for purposes of analyzing whether Appellant filed
his PCRA Petition within 60 days of learning the “newly-discovered fact” that
Judge Berry had been criminally convicted of crimes of dishonesty, our
analysis will focus on whether the date of Judge Berry’s guilty verdict or the
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date of Judge Berry’s sentencing triggered the 60-day time period in which to
plead the newly-discovered fact as an exception to the PCRA time-bar. We
acknowledge that the trial court opined that Appellant could have raised this
claim of judicial bias after learning of Judge Berry’s judicial suspension or other
decisions issued by this Court, but we conclude that those are separate and
distinct “facts” that are subject to their own 60-day timeline and analysis. See
Trial Court Opinion at 5-6. As Appellant did not plead any of those “facts” as
“newly-discovered facts” in the instant PCRA Petition, we need not address
them.
This Court has long recognized a difference between a verdict and a
judgment of sentence, explaining: “[t]he most [a verdict of guilty] establishes
is that the jury believed the accused to be guilty. But until sentence is
pronounced the issue is not necessarily closed; a new trial may be granted or
judgment be arrested.” American Bank v. Felder, 59 Pa.Super. 166, 170
(Pa. Super. 1915); see also Smith v. Commonwealth, 14 Serg. & Rawle,
69 (Pa. 1826) (italics in original) (“When the law speaks of conviction, it
means a judgment, and not merely a verdict, which, in common parlance, is
called a conviction.”); Commonwealth v. Grekis, 601 A.2d 1284, 1294 (Pa
Super. 1992) (interpreting the term “conviction” to mean entry of a judgment
of sentence, not a finding of guilt by the jury); Commonwealth v. Hale, 85
A.3d 570, 582 (Pa. Super. 2014) (explaining that, without a sentence, a
verdict or plea generally is not a “conviction” under Pennsylvania law.);
Commonwealth. v. Socci, 110 A.2d 862, 863 (Pa. Super. 1955) (holding
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that the word “conviction” must be given its strict technical meaning and there
must be a judgment of conviction). In fact, if a trial court grants a post-
verdict Motion for Insufficient Evidence, “the appropriate remedy would be a
discharge and dismissal of all charges.” Commonwealth v. Ruffin, 463 A.2d
1117, 1118 n.5 (Pa. Super. 1983).
Instantly, because a post-verdict Motion for Insufficient Evidence was
pending until the date of sentencing, and the trial court could have discharged
and dismissed all charges against Judge Berry if it chose to grant the Motion,
it was not improper for Appellant to file his PCRA Petition within 60 days of
the date that the court denied the post-verdict Motion and imposed the
Judgment of Sentence.
Accordingly, we find that 1) the “newly-discovered fact” that Judge
Berry was convicted and sentenced to crimes of dishonesty was unknown to
Appellant until it occurred on December 11, 2015; and 2) the “newly-
discovered fact” could not have been ascertained by the exercise of due
diligence until December 11, 2015, because that is the date the court denied
Judge Berry’s post-verdict Motion and imposed the Judgment of Sentence.
The trial court opined that Appellant was required to show a “nexus
between his 1999 bench trial and Judge Berry’s conviction” and Appellant
“failed to plead any specific facts in regards to Judge Berry’s crimin falsi crimes
with respect to [Appellant’s] bench trial and first PCRA petition.” Trial Court
Opinion, filed 7/7/17, at 5-6. However, as stated above, the law does not
require a “nexus” between the newly-discovered facts and the PCRA
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petitioner’s conviction or sentence for purposes of satisfying the PCRA time-
bar exceptions. See Blakeney, 193 A.3d at 362. The question for timeliness
purposes is whether the newly-discovered fact that Judge Berry was convicted
and sentenced for crimes of dishonesty forms a predicate for Appellant’s
underying claim that Judge Berry exhibited judicial bias, and a pattern of
dishonesty, when he issued his conflicting findings of facts in Appellant’s case;
we find that it does. See id.; Chmiel 173 A.3d at 625-26.
Accordingly, Appellant pleaded and proved the Section 9545(b)(1)(ii)
exception to the PCRA time-bar within 60 days of the date the claim could
have been presented. Therefore, we conclude that Appellant’s PCRA Petition
is timely and the trial court has jurisdiction to address the merits of the issues
raised in that Petition.
We acknowledge that, in its 1925(a) Opinion, the trial court began to
analyze the merits of Appellant’s PCRA Petition. See Trial Court Opinion, filed
July 17, 2017, at 6-8. Because the trial court, albeit improperly, determined
that the PCRA Petition was untimely, and dismissed the Petition without a
hearing on the merits, any analysis of the merits at that juncture was
improper. See Chester, 895 A.2d at 522; Bennett, 930 A.2d at 1271.
We, thus, reverse the trial court’s Order dismissing the Petition as
untimely and remand for the PCRA court to review the merits and, if
necessary, hold a hearing on the merits. In light of our disposition, we decline
to address Appellant’s remaining issues.
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Order reversed. Case remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction
relinquished.
Judge Ott joins the memorandum.
Judge Strassburger files a dissenting memorandum.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 6/7/19
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