In the
Court of Appeals
Second Appellate District of Texas
at Fort Worth
___________________________
No. 02-18-00437-CR
___________________________
JARRED HARGROVE, Appellant
V.
THE STATE OF TEXAS
On Appeal from the 16th District Court
Denton County, Texas
Trial Court No. F17-3057-16
Before Kerr, Pittman, and Birdwell, JJ.
Memorandum Opinion by Justice Birdwell
MEMORANDUM OPINION
In one point, appellant Jarred Hargrove appeals his conviction for assault on a
public servant. Hargrove acknowledges that he did not preserve his sole argument on
appeal. However, he asks this court to overrule controlling authority concerning error
preservation from our state’s highest criminal court. Because we are bound to follow
this precedent in the hierarchy of ordered justice, we hold that Hargrove forfeited his
argument, and we affirm the conviction.
I. Background
Hargrove was indicted for assault against a public servant. See Tex. Penal Code
Ann. § 22.01(b)(1). He entered a plea of guilty without a plea agreement, but he went
to the jury for a trial on punishment.
At trial, the State established that Hargrove served as a groomsman at a
wedding in Aubrey, Texas on the afternoon of August 4, 2017. During the reception
that evening, Hargrove caught the attention of an off-duty police officer, Jared Bryant.
Officer Bryant saw Hargrove slumped over in a chair with his eyes closed. According
to Officer Bryant, Hargrove “just didn’t seem okay.” Officer Bryant asked Hargrove
if he needed help. Hargrove said he was fine. Believing that Hargrove was
intoxicated, Officer Bryant decided to keep an eye on him.
Later that evening, Officer Bryant went to the bathroom, and when he
emerged, he saw Hargrove shirtless in the lobby. There was a running pickup truck
parked out front with no one inside. Hargrove stated that he was leaving. Officer
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Bryant followed Hargrove outside, asking him if he had a ride. Hargrove responded
that he was his own ride.
Officer Bryant stepped in front of Hargrove to prevent him from walking any
closer to the truck and told him that he should not be driving. Hargrove became
aggressive and struck Officer Bryant in the face. Hargrove then tackled Officer
Bryant around the midsection. A uniformed officer, Abram Salinas, broke up the
altercation and restrained Hargrove, taking him to the ground. Once they separated,
Officer Bryant went back inside. Hargrove calmed down and went to smoke a
cigarette in the parking lot. Officer Salinas asked the wedding coordinator to call the
police for additional units.
Officer Kevin Souders responded to the scene. In the darkened parking lot,
Officers Salinas and Souders approached Hargrove, shining a flashlight in his
direction. Hargrove asked Officer Souders to move the flashlight out of his eyes.
Officer Souders moved the flashlight to the side, but Hargrove insisted that the light
was still too bright. Officer Salinas suggested that Hargrove sit on the curb, and
Hargrove did so while yelling profanities at Officer Souders. Officer Souders asked
Hargrove what rank he had obtained in the military, and Hargrove responded that he
was a corporal. Officer Souders said he himself was a staff sergeant—a higher rank—
and told Hargrove to “lock it up.”
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At this, Hargrove became enraged. He stood from the curb and shouted into
Officer Souders’s face. He spat into the lens of Officer Souders’s body camera.
Finally, Hargrove slapped Officer Souders on the left side of his face.
Officer Salinas drew his taser and instructed Hargrove to get on the ground.
Hargrove eventually complied and was arrested.1
In closing, the State emphasized Hargrove’s intoxication and the evidence that
he intended to drive home: “We all saw him. He was intoxicated while he was in
public, and he drove his car, and he intended to drive all the way home.” The State
argued that Hargrove’s apparent plan to drive while intoxicated made his conduct
worthy of a stiffer punishment. Hargrove did not object to this line of argument.
Following deliberations, the jury recommended a punishment of two years’
confinement, and the trial court sentenced Hargrove accordingly. Hargrove appeals.
II. Preservation
In his only point, Hargrove complains of improper jury argument. Hargrove
contends that the State exceeded permissible boundaries when it treated his assault
case “as a charge for driving while intoxicated.” Hargrove insists that by focusing on
potential intoxicated driving, the State injected facts from outside the record, invited
speculation, and inflamed the jury.
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By way of background, the jury also heard evidence concerning Hargrove’s
criminal history, his otherwise good character, and his post-traumatic stress disorder
from family tragedy and two tours in Afghanistan.
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Hargrove admits that he did not object to the State’s closing argument.
Hargrove also acknowledges that when a defendant fails to timely object, he will
forfeit a complaint concerning even an incurably improper jury argument, as has been
the rule since the time of Cockrell v. State, 933 S.W.2d 73, 89 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996).
However, Hargrove asks us to “reconsider” Cockrell. He urges us to return to
the rule that Cockrell overturned: that incurably improper jury arguments are not
subject to preservation requirements. See Montoya v. State, 744 S.W.2d 15, 37 (Tex.
Crim. App. 1987) (op. on reh’g), overruled by Cockrell, 933 S.W.2d at 89; Romo v. State,
631 S.W.2d 504, 505–06 (Tex. Crim. App. [Panel Op.] 1982), overruled by Cockrell, 933
S.W.2d at 89.
But Cockrell is not ours to reconsider, and as an intermediate appellate court, we
are bound to follow it. See Sell v. State, 488 S.W.3d 397, 399 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2016, pet. ref’d); Wiley v. State, 112 S.W.3d 173, 175 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2003,
pet. ref’d). Moreover, the court with ownership of that line of authority has made
clear that Cockrell is here to stay. The court of criminal appeals has been invited
multiple times to overturn Cockrell, and each time it has refused. See Hernandez v. State,
538 S.W.3d 619, 623 (Tex. Crim. App. 2018); Threadgill v. State, 146 S.W.3d 654, 670
(Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Mathis v. State, 67 S.W.3d 918, 927 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)
(“Appellant urges us to overrule Cockrell v. State . . . . [W]e decline to
overrule Cockrell, a case perfectly in line with Rule of Appellate Procedure 33.1 and the
policies underlying preservation of error.”).
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Under controlling precedent, then, the right to a trial untainted by improper
jury argument is forfeitable and subject to the normal rules of error preservation. See
Hernandez, 538 S.W.3d at 622. To preserve a complaint under those rules, a party
must have presented to the trial court a timely request, objection, or motion stating
the specific grounds, if not apparent from the context, for the desired ruling. Tex. R.
App. P. 33.1(a)(1); Thomas v. State, 505 S.W.3d 916, 924 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016).
Further, the party must obtain an express or implicit adverse trial-court ruling or
object to the trial court’s refusal to rule. Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a)(2); Everitt v. State, 407
S.W.3d 259, 262–63 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013); Martinez v. State, 17 S.W.3d 677, 686
(Tex. Crim. App. 2000). Absent an objection to jury argument, nothing is presented
for review. Threadgill, 146 S.W.3d at 667; Cockrell, 933 S.W.2d at 89.
Because Hargrove did not object and obtain an adverse ruling, his complaint is
not preserved for our review. See Tex. R. App. P. 33.1(a). We therefore overrule
Hargrove’s sole point.
III. Conclusion
We affirm the trial court’s judgment.
/s/ Wade Birdwell
Wade Birdwell
Justice
Do Not Publish
Tex. R. App. P. 47.2(b)
Delivered: June 6, 2019
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