Supreme Court of Florida
____________
No. SC18-688
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DEREK LANG SHINE, JR.,
Petitioner,
vs.
STATE OF FLORIDA,
Respondent.
June 13, 2019
LAWSON, J.
We accepted review of State v. Shine, 43 Fla. L. Weekly D224 (Fla. 3d DCA
Jan. 24, 2018), on grounds that the Third District’s opinion in Shine expressly and
directly conflicts with a decision from this Court, Jackson v. State, 64 So. 3d 90
(Fla. 2011), as well as decisions from all other district courts of appeal, Lee v.
State, 223 So. 3d 342 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017), quashed on other grounds, 258 So. 3d
1297 (Fla. 2018); State v. Milici, 219 So. 3d 117 (Fla. 5th DCA 2017); State v.
Pinckney, 173 So. 3d 1139 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015); and State v. Michels, 59 So. 3d
1163 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011), on the issue of whether a defendant is entitled to a de
novo sentencing proceeding after an appellate court determines that the trial court’s
initial downward departure sentence was not supported by legally sufficient
findings. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla. Const. 1 For the reasons
that follow, we hold that the proper remedy upon reversal of a sentence due to the
invalidity of a downward departure is resentencing de novo. We quash the Third
District’s decision and approve the conflict cases to the extent they are consistent
with our holding.
In the trial court proceedings underlying the Third District’s decision, Derek
Lang Shine, Jr., pled guilty to four offenses and was placed on probation.
Thereafter, the trial court revoked Shine’s probation and revisited his sentence,
imposing a downward departure from what otherwise would have been the lowest
1. Shine also argued that the Third District’s decision below expressly and
directly conflicts with Franquiz v. State, 682 So. 2d 536 (Fla. 1996), on the issue
of whether a prior downward departure based on a legitimate, uncoerced plea
agreement is a valid reason to depart downward from the lowest permissible
sentence under the Criminal Punishment Code upon revocation of the probation
imposed as part of the prior plea. A majority of the Court does not find express
and direct conflict with Franquiz, which held that “a prior downward departure is
sometimes a factor but never a guarantee for a subsequent downward departure by
a trial court, which must explain in writing why the departure was a factor.” Id. at
537. This is because the majority does not read Shine as holding that a prior
downward departure pursuant to a legitimate, uncoerced plea agreement can never
support a subsequent departure, which would expressly and directly conflict with
Franquiz. We have elected not to address this issue, and our decision to only
address the conflict issue should not be viewed as a determination on the merits of
Shine’s arguments on this issue.
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permissible sentence under the Criminal Punishment Code (CPC). 2 The State
objected to the departure and appealed Shine’s sentence to the Third District. The
Third District determined that the departure was invalid and, consequently,
reversed and remanded for “resentencing within the sentencing guidelines.” Shine,
43 Fla. L. Weekly at D224. Shine sought review in this Court based on express
and direct conflict with cases holding that a trial court may impose a new
downward departure on remand from the reversal of a downward departure.
Jackson, 64 So. 3d at 93; Lee, 223 So. 3d at 360; Milici, 219 So. 3d at 121-23;
Pinckney, 173 So. 3d at 1140; Michels, 59 So. 3d at 1166.
We previously considered the issue raised by this conflict in Jackson. In
Jackson, we accepted review of a district court decision to determine “whether an
appellate court that reverses the imposition of a downward departure sentence must
remand for resentencing within the CPC, or whether it may remand for
resentencing outside of the CPC.” 64 So. 3d at 91. Observing that “nothing within
the CPC precludes the imposition of a downward departure sentence on
resentencing following remand,” id. at 93, we held that “on remand for
resentencing a trial court is permitted to impose a downward departure when the
2. §§ 921.002-.0026, Fla. Stat. (2014).
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trial court finds a valid basis for departure as prescribed under the [CPC],” id. at
91.
The State contends that Jackson does not govern the remedy for an
erroneous downward departure in all circumstances, relying on the trial court’s
failure to provide written reasons for departure in that case as a distinguishing
factor. As the State also acknowledges, however, the trial court in Jackson also
erred by relying on an invalid basis for departure in its oral pronouncement. Id. at
91. And, in this context, this Court framed the issue in Jackson broadly, not
limiting the remedy question to a reversal predicated on a lack of written findings.
See id. Moreover, whether a downward departure is reversed for substantive
invalidity or for a lack of written reasons, the reasoning this Court provided in
Jackson for allowing a new downward departure on remand applies equally:
“[N]othing within the CPC precludes the imposition of a downward departure
sentence on resentencing following remand.” Id. at 93. The CPC has not changed
in this regard since our decision in Jackson. See §§ 921.002-.0026, Fla. Stat.
(2018). Our decision in Jackson is also consistent with the general proposition that
“resentencing is a de novo proceeding” where the defendant is entitled to “the full
array of due process rights” and the parties may present new evidence. State v.
Collins, 985 So. 2d 985, 988-89 (Fla. 2008) (citation omitted). For these reasons,
we reaffirm Jackson and expressly hold that, on remand for resentencing due to the
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substantive invalidity of a downward departure, the trial court is permitted to
impose a downward departure as long as the departure “comports with the
principles and criteria” of the CPC. Jackson, 64 So. 3d at 93.
In accordance with this holding, we approve Lee, Milici, Pinckney, and
Michels to the extent they are consistent with this opinion, quash Shine, and
remand to the Third District for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is so ordered.
CANADY, C.J., and POLSTON, LABARGA, LAGOA, and MUÑIZ, JJ., concur.
LUCK, J., recused.
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING MOTION AND,
IF FILED, DETERMINED.
Application for Review of the Decision of the District Court of Appeal – Direct
Conflict of Decisions
Third District - Case Nos. 3D15-2876 and 3D15-2877
(Monroe County)
Carlos J. Martinez, Public Defender, Jeffrey Paul DeSousa and Shannon
Hemmendinger, Assistant Public Defenders, Eleventh Judicial Circuit, Miami,
Florida,
for Petitioner
Ashley Moody, Attorney General, Tallahassee, Florida, Michael Mervine, Bureau
Chief, and Jonathan Tanoos, Assistant Attorney General, Miami, Florida,
for Respondent
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Derek Lang Shine, Jr. v. State of Florida
Combined Opinion