IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
William and Billie Jo Lake, :
:
Appellants :
:
v. : No. 759 C.D. 2018
: Submitted: December 7, 2018
Warrington Township Board :
of Supervisors :
:
v. :
:
Pennex Aluminum Company LLC :
BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY JUDGE WOJCIK FILED: August 16, 2019
William and Billie Jo Lake (the Lakes), proceeding pro se, appeal from
an order of the Court of Common Pleas of York County (trial court) that dismissed
their appeal from a decision of the Warrington Township Board of Supervisors
(Supervisors) approving Pennex Aluminum Company, LLC’s (Applicant)
subdivision and land development plan to combine two existing lots in order to
establish a semi-trailer parking and storage area with an access drive. The Lakes
contend that the Supervisors erred by not requiring Applicant to obtain a conditional
use permit for the proposed use. Upon review, we affirm.
I. Background
Applicant is an aluminum extrusion manufacturing and smelting
company whose headquarters have been located at 50 Community Street
(Headquarters) in Wellsville Borough (Borough)1 for the last 30 years. Applicant
also owns an adjoining two-acre parcel located at 110 Community Street (Adjoining
Lot), improved with a vacant, single-family dwelling. The Adjoining Lot is
primarily located in the neighboring Warrington Township (Township), with a small
portion situated within the Borough, and is zoned Village Commercial (VC)
pursuant to the Warrington Township Zoning Ordinance (Ordinance).2 The Lakes
own property across the street from the Adjoining Lot within the Township, which
is also zoned VC.
On June 28, 2017, Applicant submitted a Preliminary/Final Subdivision
and Land Development Plan (Plan) to the Supervisors for approval to combine its
Headquarters with the Adjoining Lot into “one 9.842 acre lot”3 pursuant to Section
508 of the Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code (MPC),4 in order to establish
a semi-trailer parking and storage area and access drive on the Adjoining Lot to
service the Headquarters. Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 12a, 26a. Specifically, the
Plan proposed the construction of 22 semi-trailer parking spaces and the removal of
the vacant residential structure on the Adjoining Lot, and a new entrance drive from
1
The Borough does not have a zoning ordinance.
2
The Supervisors enacted the Ordinance on January 20, 2010.
3
On the Plan and in Applicant’s brief, the Headquarters is referred to as Lot A and the
Adjoining Lot is referred to as Lot B. See Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 14a, 26a; Appellee’s Brief,
passim.
4
Act of July 31, 1968, P.L. 805, as amended, 53 P.S. §10508.
2
Community Street, an internal connection between the Headquarters and the
Adjoining Lot. R.R. at 14a, 26a. Although a small portion of the Adjoining Lot is
located within the Borough, the bulk of the proposed development activity will occur
on the Township side of the property. R.R. at 26a.
At a public meeting held on December 20, 2017, the Supervisors
granted waivers from the Township’s Subdivision and Land Development
Ordinance (SALDO) and approved the Plan, subject to Applicant’s satisfaction of
certain conditions. R.R. at 26a. On December 26, 2017, the Supervisors entered
this decision by written notice. R.R. at 31a-32a. From this decision, the Lakes filed
an appeal with the trial court in which Applicant intervened.
The trial court did not take additional evidence. In its opinion, the trial
court noted that many of the issues raised by the Lakes were not properly before the
court as these same issues were fully and fairly litigated and disposed of in prior
appeals filed by the Lakes against the Township involving Applicant’s Adjoining
Lot. Namely, in 2012, the Lakes filed a validity challenge with the Township’s
Zoning Hearing Board (ZHB) alleging that an ordinance enacted by the Supervisors
amending the Township Zoning Map by rezoning four tracts of land, totaling
approximately 147 acres,5 from Residential and Village Residential to VC,
constituted illegal spot zoning. The ZHB denied the Lakes’ validity challenge and
this Court affirmed on appeal. Lake v. Zoning Hearing Board of Warrington
Township (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1061 C.D. 2013, filed March 18, 2014) (Lake I).
Then, in 2016, the Lakes appealed a ZHB decision granting Applicant’s
variance/special exception application in connection with its proposed plan to
construct an access drive and semi-trailer parking and storage on the Adjoining Lot
5
One of the four rezoned tracts included, inter alia, Applicant’s Adjoining Lot and the
Lakes’ property.
3
on the basis that Applicant did not meet the requisite criteria. Specifically, Applicant
requested a variance from the setback provisions for access drives and a special
exception to allow more than one access drive per lot. The ZHB granted the
application by approving the special exception allowing for the construction of more
than one access drive per lot and authorizing dimensional variances to align the
proposed access drive with the Carroll Street intersection and again, this Court
affirmed on appeal. Lake v. Zoning Hearing Board of Warrington Township
(Pa. Cmwlth., No. 896 C.D. 2017, filed January 11, 2018) (Lake II).
In the case sub judice, the trial court ruled that the Lakes were estopped
from raising any issues that were previously litigated in those prior actions. The trial
court focused on the matter at hand, i.e., the Supervisors’ decision to approve
Applicant’s Plan. To that end, the Lakes argued that the parking and storage of semi-
trailers is an industrial use only permitted by conditional use under the Ordinance.
They claim that the Supervisors should not have approved the Plan without first
requiring Applicant to seek a conditional use permit, which would be subject to
public notice and a public hearing. The trial court determined “that the storage of
the empty semi-trailers is not an industrial use and is permitted by right under [the
Ordinance].” Trial Court Opinion, 5/10/18, at 4. Upon determining that the
Supervisors did not err or abuse their discretion in approving Applicant’s Plan, the
trial court dismissed the Lakes’ land use appeal. Thereafter, the Lakes filed a notice
of appeal to this Court.6
6
On June 19, 2018, the trial court directed the Lakes to file a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal (Statement) pursuant to Rule 1925(b) of the Pennsylvania Rules of
Appellate Procedure within 21 days of the order. On July 2, 2018, the Lakes filed a timely
Statement. In the trial court’s Rule 1925(a) opinion, the trial court stated that the Lakes failed to
serve the trial court with a copy of the Statement as required by Rule 1925(b)(1), which provides,
“Appellant shall file of record the Statement and concurrently shall serve the judge.” However,
4
In this appeal,7 the Lakes present four interdependent issues for our
review. First, the Lakes contend the Supervisors created “a defect in the process of
enactment/procedure” by approving Applicant’s Plan, which is not a use by right,
without requiring a conditional use permit and without holding necessary public
hearings and/or proceedings that are required as part of that procedure. Appellants’
Brief at 4, 9. Second, they argue that the Supervisors erred or abused their discretion
by approving the Plan without requiring a conditional use permit. Third, they
maintain that their property rights were directly affected by the Supervisors’
approval of the Plan, but they were denied the opportunity to participate in the
proceedings prior to the entry of the decision. Finally, they claim that the trial court
erred or abused its discretion by dismissing their appeal on the sole basis that the
storage of semi-trailers does not constitute industrial use and is permitted by right
under the Ordinance. The crux of the matter is whether a conditional use permit for
the parking and storage of semi-trailers was necessary for the Plan approval.
The Lakes argue that a conditional use permit was required because the
parking and storage of semi-trailers is not a permitted use under the Ordinance.
According to the Lakes, the proposed use is an industrial use, which is permitted in
the VC Zone only as a conditional use. On this basis, the Lakes claim that the
review of the Original Record reveals that the Lakes’ Statement includes a certificate of service
indicating that the Statement was served on the trial court in compliance with the rule.
Consequently, the Lakes’ issues are preserved for review. See Berg v. Nationwide Mutual
Insurance Co., Inc., 6 A.3d 1002, 1009-10 (Pa. 2010) (where an appellant substantially complies
with Pa. R.A.P. 1925(b), waiver of the issues will not result). We refer to the trial court’s May 10,
2018 opinion as the basis for its dismissal of the Lakes’ appeal.
7
Where, as here, the trial court did not take any additional evidence, our review in a land
development appeal is limited to determining whether the local governing body committed an error
of law or an abuse of discretion. Robal Associates, Inc. v. Board of Supervisors of Charlestown
Township, 999 A.2d 630, 634 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2010).
5
Supervisors erred or abused their discretion by approving Applicant’s Plan without
requiring Applicant to obtain a conditional use permit for this use.
Whether a proposed use falls within a given category of a zoning
ordinance is a question of law subject to this Court’s plenary review. Slice of Life,
LLC v. Hamilton Township Zoning Hearing Board, 207 A.3d 886, 898 (Pa. 2019).
Section 307 of the Ordinance governs the permitted uses within the VC
Zone. The purpose of the VC Zone is “to provide for the Township’s commercial
and industrial land use needs.” Section 307(a) of the Ordinance. Pursuant to Section
307(b) of the Ordinance, the following uses are permitted by right in the VC Zone,
provided that their individual site sizes do not exceed one acre:
1. Any use by right permitted within the [Village
Residential (VR)] subject to the applicable standards
contained within Section 306 of this Ordinance.
2. Retail Store or Shop
3. Personal Service Business
4. Professional, Business or Contractor’s Office
5. Public Buildings and Facilities
6. Parking Compound or Parking Garage
7. Indoor Commercial Recreational Establishment
8. Raising of Crops
10. [sic] Service Station or Convenience Store Dispensing
Fuel*
11. Vehicle Sales, Service, Repair and/or Body Shop*
12. Medical Clinic
13. Animal Hospital or Veterinary Office
14. Commercial School*
15. Shopping Center or Mall*
16. Forestry Use*
17. Accessory uses customarily incidental to the above
permitted uses including but not limited to no-impact
home based businesses, as defined herein.
*Additional regulations for these uses are set forth in
ARTICLE V, Supplementary Regulations.
6
Section 307(d) of the Ordinance permits certain uses by conditional use
“when authorized by the [] Supervisors.” (Emphasis added.) Conditional uses
include, inter alia, any commercial or industrial uses listed in Section 307(b)
exceeding one acre, as well as “Industrial Activities involving manufacturing,
processing, . . . production, . . . of materials, goods and products including those
industries performing conversion and assembly . . . .” See Section 307(d)(2), (10)
of the Ordinance. A proposed conditional use must satisfy the criteria for conditional
uses in Section 806 and Article VII of the Ordinance. Section 307(d) of the
Ordinance.
According to the Lakes, neither the existing industrial use at the
Headquarters nor the proposed use for the Adjoining Lot fit within Section 307(b)’s
enumerated uses.8 In addition, the Adjoining Lot exceeds the one-acre limitation.
Therefore, they maintain that a conditional use permit was required under Section
307(d). However, Applicant9 counters that a conditional use permit was not required
because the parking and storage of semi-trailers is a permitted use by right under
Section 402(b) of the Ordinance.
Section 402 of the Ordinance governs unenclosed parking or storage of
certain types of vehicles, including semi-trailers, in all zoning districts. Specifically,
Section 402(b) provides, with italicized emphasis added:
Recreational Vehicles, Boats, Trailers and Trucks:
On-street parking of recreational vehicles, boats, trailers
8
We note that the proposed use does not meet the Ordinance’s definitions for a parking
garage or parking compound. Section 203 of the Ordinance defines “parking garage” as “[a]
building where passenger vehicles may be stored for short-term, daily, or overnight off-street
parking for a fee” and “parking compound” as “[a] commercial use where passenger vehicles may
be stored for short-term, daily, or overnight off-street parking for a fee.”
9
The Supervisors join in Applicant’s brief.
7
and/or trucks with a vehicle rating over three-quarter (3/4)
ton is prohibited in all zones. Within any [Commercial
(C), Rural Agricultural (RA), Residential (R), and
Commercial Recreation (CR)] Zone the unenclosed
parking and/or storage of recreational vehicles, boats and
trailers shall be permitted provided that such parking
and/or storage does not interfere with any required clear
sight triangles for the driveway, or in the case of corner
lots any clear sight triangles for the adjoining roads.
Within all Zones the use, parking and/or storage of semi[-
]trailers and shipping containers is prohibited within the
front yard of any residential property and within any yard
of a residential property with less than one (1) acre of lot
area. Within any (VR and VC) Zone and/or upon any
residential property with less than one (1) acre of lot area,
the unenclosed parking and/or storage of recreational
vehicles, boats and trailers shall be permitted subject to the
following standards. Only trailers used for domestic
purposes and trailers used solely for the residents’
recreational vehicle(s) are permitted to be stored.
It is well settled that where an ordinance specifically addresses a
particular use, the more specific section controls over general sections. Heck v.
Zoning Hearing Board for Harveys Lake Born, 397 A.2d 15, 17 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1978);
see Latimore Township v. Latimore Township Zoning Hearing Board, 58 A.3d 883,
887 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013); Epting v. Marion Township Zoning Hearing Board, 532
A.2d 537, 543 n.5 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1987); Appeal of Farrell, 481 A.2d 986, 989
(Pa. Cmwlth. 1984); see also Section 1933 of the Statutory Construction Act of
1972, 1 Pa. C.S. §1933. Consequently, Section 402(b) governs over Section 307
regarding the unenclosed parking and/or storage of semi-trailers. See Heck.
Section 402(b) of the Ordinance expressly prohibits the use, parking,
and/or storage of semi-trailers and shipping containers from the front yard of any
residential property and any yard of a residential property with less than one acre in
all zones, but contains no other restriction for this use. Section 402(b)’s express
8
prohibitions regarding residential yard restrictions do not apply to the Adjoining Lot
because it is no longer a residential property and the Adjoining Lot is more than one
acre. Thus, because the Ordinance contemplates the parking and storage of semi-
trailers in “all Zones” with express prohibitions not applicable here, we conclude
that the use is permitted. Consequently, a conditional use permit was not required
and the Lakes’ claims to the contrary are without merit.10
Accordingly, we affirm.
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
10
Because resolution of this issue is dispositive, we need not address the Lakes’ remaining
issues.
9
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
William and Billie Jo Lake, :
:
Appellants :
:
v. : No. 759 C.D. 2018
:
Warrington Township Board :
of Supervisors :
:
v. :
:
Pennex Aluminum Company LLC :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 16th day of August, 2019, the order of the order of the
Court of Common Pleas of York County, filed May 10, 2018, is AFFIRMED.
__________________________________
MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge