NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
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Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the
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SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3847-16T3
IN THE MATTER OF THE SUSPENSION
OF THE CERTIFICATE(S) OF CHAE HYUK IM,
SCHOOL DISTRICT OF THE TOWNSHIP OF
WAYNE, PASSAIC COUNTY.
Argued July 2, 2018 – Decided July 20, 2018
Before Judges Carroll and Rose.
On appeal from the Commissioner of Education,
Docket No. 357-12/14.
Louis P. Bucceri argued the cause for
appellant Chae Hyuk Im (Bucceri & Pincus,
attorneys; Louis P. Bucceri, of counsel and
on the briefs).
John G. Geppert, Jr., argued the cause for
respondent Wayne Township Board of Education
(Scarinci Hollenbeck, LLC, attorneys; John G.
Geppert, Jr., of counsel; Shana T. Don and
Craig A. Long, on the brief).
Gurbir S. Grewal, Attorney General, attorney
for respondent Commissioner of Education (Joan
M. Scatton, Deputy Attorney General, on the
statement in lieu of brief).
PER CURIAM
Appellant Chae Hyuk Im appeals the final administrative
decision of the Commissioner of Education (Commissioner)
suspending his teaching certificates for one year. The suspension
was based on the Commissioner's determination that Im was guilty
of unprofessional conduct pursuant to N.J.S.A. 18A:28-8 for
failing to provide the requisite sixty-day notice before resigning
his teaching position with the Wayne Township Board of Education
(BOE). We affirm.
Im began his employment with the BOE as a chemistry teacher
in September 2005, and became tenured in September 2008. In 2011,
while still employed by the BOE, Im applied for a position with
the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The application
remained inactive for several years due to a federal hiring freeze.
On May 15, 2014, Im received a letter from the BOE listing
his salary for the 2014-2015 school year. In that letter, the BOE
also advised Im that if he should have reason to believe he would
be unable to serve for that school year he should inform the Wayne
school district (District) immediately.
Among other things, the FBI application process required Im
to undergo a background investigation and a physical fitness test
(PFT). In May 2014, FBI agents contacted the BOE as part of Im's
background check. In July 2014, Im was told he was listed for a
September 2014 training start date. In anticipation of entering
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the FBI Academy in September, Im wrote a letter to the BOE on July
23, 2014, requesting a one-year leave of absence. The BOE agreed
to grant the leave, if it was needed.
On August 7, 2014, Im failed his PFT, and he was removed from
the September training start date. Consequently, Im advised the
BOE's administration that he would be starting the 2014–2015 school
year as usual.
Im decided not to retake the PFT in September 2014, because
he did not have time to sufficiently train for it. Instead, he
opted to take the PFT again on October 9, 2014, and was told he
passed it. Im again requested a leave of absence, but the BOE
denied the request at its October 16, 2014 meeting. The next day,
Im resigned from his teaching position to accept employment with
the FBI, where he presently works as a Special Agent.
At the time of his resignation, Im was teaching four sections
of high school chemistry, and he was unaware which teachers would
take over his classes. He arranged to leave binders of documents
he had prepared for use by whoever was assigned to replace him.
Four teachers who were currently teaching in the District's science
department and a per diem substitute were paid to cover Im's
classes until the District hired a replacement teacher in January
2015. The parties stipulated that the costs expended by the BOE
to replace Im during the sixty-day notice period were less than
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the cost of the salary and benefits the BOE would have paid Im had
he worked during that same period.
On December 1, 2014, at the request of the BOE, the
Commissioner entered an order directing Im to show cause why his
teaching certificate should not be suspended for unprofessional
conduct pursuant to N.J.S.A. 18A:28-8, which provides:
Any teaching staff member, under tenure of
service, desiring to relinquish his position
shall give the employing board of education
at least [sixty] days written notice of his
intention, unless the board shall approve of
a release on shorter notice and if he fails
to give such notice he shall be deemed guilty
of unprofessional conduct and the
[C]ommissioner may suspend his certificate for
not more than one year.
Im filed an answer, and the Commissioner subsequently transferred
the matter to the Office of Administrative Law as a contested
case.
On August 13, 2015, the BOE filed a motion for summary
decision. On May 18, 2016, an administrative law judge (ALJ)
found there were no material disputed facts and the matter was
"ripe for partial summary decision as to the issue of
'unprofessional conduct.'" The ALJ noted the central purpose of
N.J.S.A. 18A:28-8 is "to provide notice to the school so that a
suitable replacement can be hired without adversely impacting
students." Looking to the language of the statute, the ALJ found
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it "quite clear" that an employee who fails to provide the
requisite notice "shall be deemed guilty of unprofessional
conduct." The ALJ reserved the issue of an appropriate sanction
and consideration of any appropriate mitigating factors for a
future hearing.
On June 30, 2016, the Commissioner adopted the ALJ's partial
initial decision. The Commissioner agreed with the ALJ that the
language of N.J.S.A. 18A:28-8 was mandatory. Specifically, an
employee who fails to give a board of education sixty days' notice
of his or her intention to resign "shall" be deemed guilty of
unprofessional conduct.
The Commissioner rejected Im's argument that the ALJ
erroneously prevented him from presenting evidence at a hearing
regarding the impact of a finding of "unprofessional conduct" on
his FBI employment. The Commissioner found this argument
"misguided because there is no genuine issue of fact as to [Im's]
failure to provide the [BOE] with the requisite notice; the
material facts in dispute only pertain to the mitigating
circumstances that could impact the potential suspension of his
[teaching] certificate." The Commissioner concluded:
Notwithstanding the finding of unprofessional
conduct, [Im] will be afforded a hearing to
determine whether a certificate suspension is
appropriate in this case. To that end, [Im]
will be given a full opportunity to present
5 A-3847-16T3
evidence of mitigation, including the fact
that he left his teaching post to take a job
with the FBI.
A hearing on the appropriate penalty followed. Two witnesses
testified for the BOE, including the Wayne superintendent of
schools and the high school principal. Im testified and also
presented the testimony of a chemistry teacher who served as one
of his replacements after he resigned.
The ALJ recounted the testimony and evidence presented at the
hearing and made detailed findings of fact and conclusions of law
in her comprehensive twenty-seven-page initial decision. At Im's
request, the ALJ agreed to consider the "Giglio Policy," an FBI
policy "Regarding the Disclosure to Prosecutors of Potential
Impeachment Information Concerning Law Enforcement Agency
Witnesses." Ultimately, however, the ALJ accorded the policy
little weight because Im "failed to introduce any additional
evidence to buttress his assertion that the imposition of a one-
year penalty will have any different effect on his ability to
testify or perform his [FBI] job [duties] than a shorter suspension
period."
Additionally, the ALJ found:
It was clear from the testimony of the
District's witnesses that, while the
disruption to Mr. Im's students was not
catastrophic, there were definitely
consequences to his leaving early. While
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permanent teachers took on all but one of Mr.
Im's classes, because of scheduling difficulty
for labs, each student had three to four
teachers from September until January. While
it is true, as [Im] argued, that there would
have been a disruption no matter when Im left,
the District would have had more time to try
to find a replacement for Im and some of the
disruption could have been alleviated had he
waited the sixty days. In addition, at least
one parent complained that the quality of the
teaching of the substitute teacher was not up
to the standards of the permanent teachers,
and the principal had to talk to the
substitute about the quality of his teaching.
. . . The principal of the school, . . . who
was sympathetic toward Im, acknowledged that
Im did not find a replacement for himself, nor
did he recall Im offering to do so. A
replacement was found because a newly hired
teacher had a friend who decided to apply for
the opening. [The principal] also testified
that at the time Im left, he was not aware
that [Im] had left his materials for the
replacement teachers. Nor did [Im] talk to
the principal about the students and any
special needs.
[(Footnote omitted).]
"Weighing all of the mitigating factors," the ALJ recommended a
six-month suspension of Im's teaching certificates.
The Commissioner rejected the ALJ's recommendation in her
final agency decision issued on April 6, 2017. The Commissioner
instead determined that Im's teaching certificates should be
suspended for one year. Citing numerous administrative decisions
that addressed the issue, the Commissioner explained:
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The decision to suspend a teaching
certificate pursuant to N.J.S.A. 18A:28-8 is
discretionary and the Commissioner has
historically evaluated all attendant
circumstances on a case-by-case basis. As a
general rule, however, given the underlying
purpose of the statute, teachers who have
been found guilty of unprofessional conduct
for failing to provide the requisite [sixty]-
day notice receive a one-year certificate
suspension. The one year suspension is
routinely issued where the facts demonstrate
that individuals have violated the [sixty]-
day notice requirement for strictly personal
reasons, putting their own self-interest above
the interests of students and their
professional obligation to provide adequate
notice to the board.
Despite the general rule of a one-year
suspension, there are rare instances where the
Commissioner has found justification for a
lesser penalty in cases where compelling
mitigating circumstances exist for the lack
of the requisite notice. A common theme in
many of these cases was the existence of a
suitable alternative who was available to
replace the resigning teacher, thereby
minimizing the impact on the students. . . .
Unlike these cases - which have justified
an exception to the customary one-year
suspension - the facts in this matter are
neither exceptional nor do they warrant the
exercise of the Commissioner's discretion.
Rather, in the instant matter, [Im's] desire
for the early release from his professional
The Commissioner recognized, as the ALJ did previously, that
"[t]he obvious purpose of N.J.S.A. 18A:26-10 [and N.J.S.A. 18A:28-
8] is to provide notice to the school so that a suitable
replacement can be hired without adversely impacting students."
(citing Penns Grove-Carneys Point Bd. of Educ. v. Regina Leinen,
94 N.J.A.R.2d 405, 407 (EDU)).
8 A-3847-16T3
obligations was based solely on personal
motives and his own convenience.
. . . .
The Commissioner recognizes [Im's] goal
of becoming an FBI agent and his concern that
if he did not begin training in October 2014,
he may have missed out on his opportunity.
However, there is no question that [Im]
violated the statute, and his departure
resulted in a disruption to his classes -
which is the very consequence that the statute
seeks to minimize when a teacher resigns from
the school district. Nor should it be
overlooked that the [BOE] originally granted
[Im] a one-year leave of absence when he made
the request prior to the start of the 2014-
2015 school year; it was only because of
[Im's] own actions, i.e. failing the August
2014 [PFT] and deciding not to take the test
again in September 2014, that [Im] declined
the proffered leave of absence and began
teaching at the beginning of the 2014–2015
school year. Further, the circumstances here
are not analogous to several cases where a
lesser penalty was imposed, because in this
case there was not a replacement teacher
available to ensure a smooth transition and
to minimize the impact on students.
Additionally, resigning without providing the
requisite notice to seek an alternate career
is not akin to resigning without the requisite
notice because of a debilitating health issue.
Despite the fact that [Im] provided teaching
materials for his successor's use when he
resigned, his untimely resignation had
significant consequences: it left four high
school chemistry classes without a permanent
teacher until January 2015; the [BOE] had to
scramble to find a suitable replacement on
short notice; and the quick departure resulted
in an increased workload for co-workers, who
had to cover [Im's] classes between October
2014 and January 2015.
9 A-3847-16T3
[Im] maintains that he should not receive
a license suspension because it will
significantly impact his ability to function
as an FBI agent and that impact far exceeds
anything allegedly suffered by the District.
[Im] stresses that the damage to his career
as an FBI agent that would occur if his
certificates are suspended is illustrated by
the Department of Justice's stated policy of
disclosure to prosecutors of potential
impeachment information. [Im] maintains that
the Giglio Policy requires the disclosure of
all instances where an agent's reputation has
been impugned; thus, any reputational defect
- not just those related to veracity - must
be disclosed and may lead to a preclusion of
the agent's ability to function as a witness.
The Commissioner fully accepts [Im's] argument
that he will have to disclose to the
prosecutor in the case where he is a potential
witness that he was found to be guilty of
unprofessional conduct pursuant to N.J.S.A.
18A:28-8. The fact that [Im] will likely have
to disclose that his certificates were
suspended because of his unprofessional
conduct is not a compelling mitigating
circumstance, especially coupled with the fact
that his unprofessional conduct was self-
serving and adversely impacted his students.
Therefore, the Commissioner is not compelled
to exercise her discretion by ordering an
exception to the customary one-year
suspension.
[(Citations and footnotes omitted).]
On appeal, Im challenges the Commissioner's decisions finding
him guilty of unprofessional conduct and suspending his teaching
certificates for one year. He argues the decisions are incorrect
as a matter of law, and they deprived him of his constitutional
right to a hearing prior to finding him guilty of unprofessional
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conduct. Im further contends the one-year penalty imposed by the
Commissioner is arbitrary and capricious and is not based on
substantial evidence in the record. We disagree.
"[T]he Commissioner of Education has primary jurisdiction to
hear and determine all controversies arising under the school
laws." Bower v. Bd. of Educ. of E. Orange, 149 N.J. 416, 420
(1997). As a result, her "statutory interpretation is entitled
to considerable weight, where not inconsistent with the statute
and in harmony with the statutory purpose." Kletzkin v. Bd. of
Educ. of Spotswood, 136 N.J. 275, 278 (1994). We will ordinarily
uphold the Commissioner's determination unless it is "arbitrary,
capricious, or unreasonable or is not supported by substantial
credible evidence in the record as a whole." G.D.M. v. Bd. of
Educ. of the Ramapo Indian Hills Reg'l High Sch. Dist., 427 N.J.
Super. 246, 259 (App. Div. 2012) (quoting Dennery v. Bd. of Educ.
of Passaic Cty. Reg'l High Sch. Dist. # 1, 131 N.J. 626, 641
(1993)).
The deferential standard to which we adhere "applies to the
review of disciplinary sanctions as well." In re Herrmann, 192
N.J. 19, 28 (2007) (citing Knoble v. Waterfront Comm'n of N.Y.
Harbor, 67 N.J. 427, 431-32 (1975)). The test for reviewing an
administrative sanction is "whether such punishment is 'so
disproportionate to the offense, in light of all the circumstances,
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as to be shocking to one's sense of fairness.'" In re Polk, 90
N.J. 550, 578 (1982) (citation omitted).
We have considered Im's arguments in light of the applicable
standard of review and the facts developed in the record. We
affirm substantially for the reasons expressed by the Commissioner
in her June 30, 2016, and April 6, 2017 administrative
determinations, which are supported by sufficient credible
evidence. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(D).
Nor does the one-year suspension of Im's teaching
certificates shock our sense of fairness. The result we reach is
not intended in any way to be critical of Im's laudatory goal of
serving his country as an FBI agent. Nonetheless, we recognize,
as did the ALJ, that "[w]hile being an FBI agent may be more
important to [Im] than being a teacher, that is a personal choice"
and "it is a dangerous path to start deciding what jobs are more
important and therefore worthy of more consideration."
To the extent that we have not specifically addressed Im's
remaining arguments, we conclude they lack sufficient merit to
warrant discussion in a written decision. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
12 A-3847-16T3
IN THE MATTER OF THE SUSPENSION OF THE CERTIFICATES OF CHAE HYUK IM, SCHOOL DISTRICT OF THE TOWNSHIP OF WAYNE, PASSAIC COUNTY (COMMISSIONER OF EDUCATION)
Combined Opinion