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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
LEON JEROME MILLER :
:
Appellant : No. 1908 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered October 31, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Adams County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-01-CR-0000733-2016
BEFORE: BOWES, J., McLAUGHLIN, J., and STRASSBURGER,* J.
MEMORANDUM BY BOWES, J.: FILED: AUGUST 22, 2019
Leon Jerome Miller appeals from the order that dismissed his petition
filed pursuant to the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”). Also before us is
Thomas R. Nell, Esquire’s application to withdraw as counsel pursuant to
Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988), and Commonwealth
v. Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa.Super. 1988) (en banc). We deny counsel’s
application to withdraw, vacate the order denying the petition, and remand
with instructions.
Appellant is serving a sentence of forty-two to eighty-four months of
incarceration, imposed after he entered a plea of nolo contendere to person
not to possess a firearm and three counts of terroristic threats. The factual
basis for the plea was stated by the Commonwealth as follows:
this incident took place back on May 31, 2016 at about 11:30 or
so in the morning at Barts Church Road here in Adams County,
Pennsylvania, in Union Township. At that time, the Pennsylvania
* Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
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State Police [(“PSP”)] received a call initially from [Appellant’s]
father, Carroll Miller, indicating that his son Leon had threatened
both he [sic] and his wife, Eileen Miller, and that he had gone back
to his residence and he had possession of a weapon there.
[PSP] responded at around noon. At that point, Trooper
Bonatesta of the [PSP] observed [Appellant] walk out on the porch
of his residence, fire one shot directly into the air, [and] proceed
back inside.
At some point after that, the PCO dispatch from [PSP] was
able to engage [Appellant] on the telephone. It was quite a
lengthy conversation, almost 20 minutes or so, where [Appellant]
at least initially indicated that he was going to shoot any [PSP]
Officer [who] approached, that they were going to die and that he
was going to die in the long run too.
It took quite a while for that PCO to talk him down, but
eventually [Appellant] did place the firearm, which he indicated
on the phone he was holding in his hands, place that on the floor
and came out and did surrender himself to the [PSP]. Upon their
entry to the residence they found three weapons; a 12-gauge
shotgun, a . . . rifle and another . . . rifle within the household.
....
[O]n May 12, 1989[, Appellant] pled no contest to a possession
with intent to deliver charge, which of course is a felony which
would make it illegal for him to own or possess a firearm.
N.T. Plea, 1/17/17, at 12-13. Appellant indicated during the colloquy that he
had not been aware that he had a conviction that prohibited him from
possessing a firearm, as he believed that he “was pleading down from a
felony” when he entered the 1989 nolo contendere pleas. Id. at 10. However,
Appellant’s plea counsel, Kristin L. Rice, Esquire, responded by stating “in that
regard, . . . he is entering a plea of nolo contendere, and we can address that
at sentencing.” Id.
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At the subsequent sentencing hearing, the following exchange took
place.
Attorney Rice: . . . So then [Appellant] and I had a lot of
discussion over the last few months as to whether or not to
take this to trial or proceed with the guilty plea and he
eventually did make the decision to proceed with a guilty
plea, but I would like the court to know, because I think
[Appellant] would like the court to know, that had he gone
to trial, it would have been on his knowledge of being a felon
not to possess.
He did have a felony conviction from, I believe, it was
the ‘80s, might have been the early ‘90s, for possession with
intent, but he did purchase a gun in a gun shop in 1995 and
we do actually have that receipt.
[Appellant]: Can I correct that? My felonies, as far as I knew,
was pleaded down to misdemeanors. I seen a video of my
wife yesterday, just finally got to see it, that she said that -
- that I had all the felonies dropped down to a misdemeanor
and I had a background check, which I was told that I was
able to buy a gun.
So -- so I was basically persuaded that I was legal to
have a gun and that person wanted to sell it to me or sold
me a gun. . . . [A]lso [I] have registered to vote. I even
voted for you and so far as I know and from what I can
remember, when -- back in ‘89 that I had all the felonies
talked down to a misdemeanor. That was my
understanding.
[The Commonwealth]: For the record, your honor, there was a
count 1 possession with intent, which would have been a
felony in ‘89 and in addition to that, there were two pleas in
‘94 to simple assault and recklessly endangering both of
which would have had two-year maximum sentences, which
would also have made him ineligible.
The Court: And that’s pleading down because counts 1 and 2
were the ag assaults as felonies and the pleas were taken
to simple assault and recklessly endangering.
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[The Commonwealth]: In effect, there are three convictions here
that would have made him ineligible.
[Appellant]: I don’t understand why.
Attorney Rice: Well, at any rate, your honor, I would like to keep
going at this point, tell you that [Appellant] and I have
discussed this quite exhaustively. He was considering
withdrawing his plea this morning, but I think that he is
deciding to go ahead with sentencing.
[Appellant]: That’s right.
N.T. Sentencing, 4/17/17, at 5-6 (unnecessary capitalization omitted). The
trial court thereafter sentenced Appellant as indicated above. Appellant filed
a post-sentence motion seeking a modified sentence, but did not therein
request to withdraw his plea. Post-Sentence Motion, 4/25/17, at unnumbered
1-2. The trial court denied the motion, and Appellant filed a timely appeal.
On direct appeal, this Court affirmed Appellant’s judgment of sentence
and allowed appellate counsel to withdraw pursuant to Anders v. California,
386 U.S. 738 (1967). See Commonwealth v. Miller, 185 A.3d 1095
(Pa.Super. 2018) (unpublished memorandum). This Court agreed with
counsel that there was no merit to a challenge to the discretionary aspects of
Appellant’s sentence. Id. (unpublished memorandum at 5-7). However, we
declined to review the second issue raised, that Appellant’s plea was
involuntary and unknowing based upon the ineffectiveness of Attorney Rice,
as such was properly deferred to collateral review. Id. (unpublished
memorandum at 7-8). While Appellant continued to claim that he legally
possessed the firearms in question because he pled to a misdemeanor in 1989
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and passed a background check for a weapon purchase in 1995, this Court, in
an independent review of the record, found no “non-frivolous arguments
available to Appellant” on the direct appeal. Id. (unpublished memorandum
at 8). In our Supreme Court, Appellant filed a pro se request for an extension
of time to file a petition for allowance of appeal and for appointment of
counsel, and later a pro se petition for leave to file a petition for allowance of
appeal nunc pro tunc. However, it does not appear that either resulted in
relief.
Appellant filed a timely pro se PCRA petition on September 24, 2018.
Therein, he claimed generally that his constitutional rights were violated, that
plea counsel was ineffective, and that his plea was unlawfully induced. PCRA
Petition, 9/13/18, at 2. More specifically, Appellant argued that plea counsel
was ineffective in failing to file a motion to suppress. Id. at 3. PCRA counsel
was appointed, and a conference held before the PCRA court on October 15,
2018. No transcript of the conference is contained in the certified record. The
PCRA court indicates that at the conference, PCRA counsel withdrew the
suppression issue, and orally amended the petition1 to raise the claims that:
(1) counsel was ineffective in failing to tell Appellant that he was prohibited
from possessing a firearm, and (2) counsel was ineffective “for failing to raise
____________________________________________
1 We expressly discourage oral amendments to written petitions; particularly
as it was done here, with no documentation of the oral amendment made in
the record. The proper procedure would have been for counsel to have filed
a written amended petition before the conference was held.
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an affirmative defense under [§] 6105 of the Crimes Code which provides for
60 days to lawfully dispose of a firearm upon a conviction for an offense
disqualifying [Appellant] from ownership of weapons.” Notice of Intent to
Dismiss, 10/10/18, at 1.
The PCRA court, determining that the issues lacked merit and that no
hearing was warranted, issued notice of its intent to dismiss the petition.
Counsel did not file a response. On October 31, 2018, the PCRA court entered
an order denying the petition. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, and
both Appellant and the PCRA court complied with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.2
In this Court, in lieu of an advocate’s brief, counsel filed a petition to
withdraw and no-merit letter pursuant to Turner and Finley. Before we
consider the merits of the issues raised on appeal, we must determine whether
counsel followed the required procedure, which we have summarized as
follows.
Turner/Finley counsel must review the case zealously.
Turner/Finley counsel must then submit a “no-merit” letter to
the trial court, or brief on appeal to this Court, detailing the nature
and extent of counsel’s diligent review of the case, listing the
issues which the petitioner wants to have reviewed, explaining
why and how those issues lack merit, and requesting permission
to withdraw.
Counsel must also send to the petitioner: (1) a copy of the
“no-merit” letter/brief; (2) a copy of counsel’s petition to
withdraw; and (3) a statement advising petitioner of the right to
proceed pro se or by new counsel.
____________________________________________
2 The PCRA court filed a statement pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) indicating
that the reasons for its decision are set forth in its Notice of Intent to Dismiss.
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If counsel fails to satisfy the foregoing technical
prerequisites of Turner/Finley, the court will not reach the merits
of the underlying claims but, rather, will merely deny counsel’s
request to withdraw. Upon doing so, the court will then take
appropriate steps, such as directing counsel to file a proper
Turner/Finley request or an advocate’s brief.
However, where counsel submits a petition and no-merit
letter that do satisfy the technical demands of Turner/Finley, the
court—trial court or this Court—must then conduct its own review
of the merits of the case. If the court agrees with counsel that
the claims are without merit, the court will permit counsel to
withdraw and deny relief. By contrast, if the claims appear to
have merit, the court will deny counsel’s request and grant relief,
or at least instruct counsel to file an advocate’s brief.
Commonwealth v. Wrecks, 931 A.2d 717, 721 (Pa.Super. 2007) (cleaned
up).
We are satisfied from the review of counsel’s application and no-merit
letter that counsel has substantially complied with the technical requirements
of Turner and Finley. Counsel has detailed his review of the case and the
issues Appellant wishes to raise, and explained why those issues lack merit,
albeit without citation to authority. Counsel also sent a copy to Appellant and
advised him of his immediate right to proceed pro se or with hired counsel.
Indeed, Appellant has filed a pro se brief concerning one of the issues
addressed by counsel. Accordingly, we proceed to consider the substance of
the appeal.
We begin with a review of the applicable law. “This Court’s standard of
review regarding an order denying a petition under the PCRA is whether the
determination of the PCRA court is supported by the evidence of record and is
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free of legal error.” Commonwealth v. Rizvi, 166 A.3d 344, 347 (Pa.Super.
2017). Further, “[i]t is an appellant’s burden to persuade us that the PCRA
court erred and that relief is due.” Commonwealth v. Miner, 44 A.3d 684,
688 (Pa.Super. 2012).
In his Turner/Finley letter, counsel addresses three issues. However,
only one of them has been preserved3 through its inclusion in the Rule 1925(b)
statement: “Did the [PCRA] court error [sic] in denying [Appellant’s] PCRA
hearing [sic] without a hearing, when [Appellant] told his attorney that he was
not aware that his right to bear arms had been terminated, and his attorney
advised him that he should take the plea?” Rule 1925(b) Statement,
12/10/18.
In reviewing this claim of ineffective assistance of plea counsel, we note
that counsel is presumed to be effective, and a PCRA petitioner bears the
burden of proving otherwise. Commonwealth v. Becker, 192 A.3d 106, 112
(Pa.Super. 2018). To do so, the petitioner must plead and prove (1) the legal
claim underlying his ineffectiveness claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel’s
____________________________________________
3 The claim raised in Appellant’s pro se response concerning counsel’s failure
to file a suppression motion is not properly before us, as it was withdrawn in
the PCRA court. In any event, it does not appear to be meritorious. Even if
Appellant is correct that the firearms from his residence should have been
suppressed because they were seized pursuant to an unconstitutional
warrantless search, the Commonwealth nonetheless had sufficient evidence
to establish that Appellant possessed a firearm on the day in question, as the
PSP witnessed Appellant fire the weapon into the air. See N.T. Plea, 1/17/17,
at 12.
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decision to act (or not) lacked a reasonable basis designed to effectuate the
petitioner’s interests; and (3) prejudice resulted. Id. The failure to establish
any prong is fatal to the claim. Id. at 113. Further, “[i]n the context of a
plea, a claim of ineffectiveness may provide relief only if the alleged
ineffectiveness caused an involuntary or unknowing plea.” Commonwealth
v. Orlando, 156 A.3d 1274, 1281 (Pa.Super. 2017).
In his Turner/Finley letter, counsel indicates that he conducted
research into the issue of whether Appellant became a person not to possess
at the time of his 1989 conviction, and he determined “that a person convicted
of PWID in 1989 was not to possess firearms. So your issue does NOT have
merit.” Turner/Finley letter at 3. However, from our review of the record,
it is not clear that the issue is without merit.
Our legislature has determined that persons who have been convicted
of certain enumerated offenses, or who meet other criteria, shall be ineligible
to possess a firearm in the Commonwealth. 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(a). The factual
basis for Appellant’s ineligibility offered by the Commonwealth at the time of
Appellant’s plea was a 1989 conviction for PWID. See N.T. Plea, 1/17/17, at
13. As the offense is a felony punishable by imprisonment of more than two
years, such a conviction would disqualify Appellant from possessing a firearm.
See 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(c)(2). Misdemeanor violations of the controlled
substance statute, on the other hand, do not disqualify a person. See id.
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As noted above, Appellant maintained throughout the proceedings that
he had no felony conviction that prohibited his lawful possession of a firearm.
Rather, Appellant steadfastly avowed that he had pled to misdemeanors
instead of the felonies charged. See, e.g., N.T. Sentencing, 4/17/17, at 5-6;
Miller, supra (unpublished memorandum at 5 n.4).
Our review of the publicly-available docket sheets4 for Appellant’s 1989
cases reveals that, at CP-01-CR-420-1989, Appellant was charged with both
PWID pursuant to 35 Pa.C.S. § 780-113(a)(30), and simple possession under
35 Pa.C.S. § 780-113(a)(16). At one point the docket suggests that Appellant
entered a plea to Count I (PWID) only. However, at another it indicates that
he was sentenced based upon a plea to Count II (simple possession), a
misdemeanor.
At CP-01-CR-421-1989, Appellant was charged with PWID (Count I),
possession of a small amount of marijuana (Count II), and possession of drug
paraphernalia (Count III). The docket reflects that Counts I and II were
quashed, and Appellant pled nolo contendere to the misdemeanor offense of
possession of paraphernalia.
____________________________________________
4 While this Court does not ordinarily take judicial notice of documents filed in
other cases, see Richner v. McCance, 13 A.3d 950, 957 n.2 (Pa.Super.
2011), we have held that we may take judicial notice of publicly-available
docket sheets. See Deyarmin v. Consol. Rail Corp., 931 A.2d 1, 15 n.10
(Pa.Super. 2007). In any event, as discussed infra, we do not rely upon
information in the docket sheets to establish any facts in this appeal.
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Hence, the materials available to us support Appellant’s position that he
had no felony convictions that precluded him from possessing a firearm, as he
had pled to and been convicted of only misdemeanors.5 We acknowledge that
it is possible that errors were made when the 1989 docketing statements were
computerized, and that Appellant indeed was convicted of PWID in 1989.
However, we cannot upon the record before us agree with counsel that there
is no merit to Appellant’s claim that he was not a person prohibited, and that,
therefore, plea counsel’s ineffectiveness induced him to enter an unknowing,
unintelligent, and involuntary plea.6
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5Further, it does not appear that the relevant provisions of 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105
or to 35 Pa.C.S. § 780-113 have changed since Appellant’s convictions.
6 We note that, when plea counsel discussed at the sentencing hearing
Appellant’s belief that he did not have a disqualifying drug conviction, the
Commonwealth indicated that Appellant also had “two pleas in ’94 to simple
assault and recklessly endangering, both of which would have two-year
maximum sentences, which would have also made him ineligible.” N.T.
Sentencing, 4/17/17, at 6. While neither simple assault under 18 Pa.C.S.
§ 2701, nor reckless endangerment under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2705, is an
enumerated offense in § 6105(b), the docket for case CP-01-CR-75-1995 does
indicate the following irreconcilable facts: (1) that Appellant pled guilty only
to reckless endangerment and (2) that he was sentenced on counts of reckless
endangerment and aggravated assault.
Further, while there are indications in the record that Appellant had
previously been committed to a mental institution, see N.T. Sentencing,
4/17/17, at 4, and a person involuntarily committed to a mental institution is
disqualified in some circumstances under 18 Pa.C.S. § 6105(c)(4), the record
before us does not clearly establish that Appellant was ineligible under that
provision.
Certainly, these facts may be developed upon remand to the extent that they
impact the issues of counsel’s reasonable basis or Appellant’s prejudice.
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Under the circumstances, we deem that the best course of action is to
deny counsel’s petition to withdraw, vacate the order denying Appellant’s
PCRA petition, and remand for either (1) counsel to file a written amended
PCRA petition raising this issue and for the PCRA court to hold a hearing on
the claim, or (2) counsel to file a motion to withdraw and a Turner/Finley
letter in the PCRA court detailing why there is no merit to the claim that
Appellant’s plea was involuntary, induced by the ineffectiveness of plea
counsel. In either event, the record should be supplemented to clarify
Appellant’s prior convictions. We further instruct that counsel must file either
the amended petition or the Turner/Finley letter within thirty days of the
date of this memorandum.
Petition to Withdraw of Thomas Nell, Esquire denied. Order vacated.
Case remanded with instructions. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/22/2019
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Com. v. Miller, L.
Combined Opinion