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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
JUSTIN AHMAD CLARK :
:
Appellant : No. 1509 MDA 2018
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 13, 2018
In the Court of Common Pleas of Dauphin County Criminal Division at
No(s): CP-22-CR-0002723-2013
BEFORE: LAZARUS, J., OTT, J., and FORD ELLIOTT, P.J.E.
MEMORANDUM BY LAZARUS, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 09, 2019
Justin Ahmad Clark appeals, pro se, from the order, entered in the Court
of Common Pleas of Dauphin County, dismissing his petition filed pursuant to
the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42 Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541-9546. For the
reasons that follow, we vacate and remand for further proceedings consistent
with the dictates of this memorandum.
On April 25, 2014, a jury convicted Clark of first-degree murder,
attempted murder, and carrying a firearm without a license. The charges
stemmed from an incident in which Clark shot and killed a man as part of an
ongoing dispute with a third party. The shooting occurred two weeks shy of
Clark’s eighteenth birthday. On June 23, 2014, the trial court sentenced Clark
to life without parole on the homicide conviction, plus concurrent sentences of
20 to 40 years in prison for attempted homicide and three to six years'
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incarceration for the firearm violation. Post-sentence motions were denied
and Clark did not file a direct appeal.
On November 12, 2014, Clark filed a PCRA petition claiming
ineffectiveness of counsel and seeking reinstatement of his direct appellate
rights, which the court granted on November 18, 2014. This Court
subsequently affirmed Clark’s judgment of sentence on July 21, 2015, and our
Supreme Court denied allowance of appeal on March 1, 2016.
Clark filed a timely pro se PCRA petition on March 1, 2017. Counsel was
appointed and, on July 14, 2017, filed a “Supplemental PCRA Petition to
Preserve the Issue of Requesting Vacation of Sentence of Life Without Parole,
and Resentencing Hearing with Discovery Pursuant to the United States
Supreme Court’s Decisions in [Miller v. Alabama, 567 U.S. 460 (2012), and
Montgomery v. Louisiana, 136 S.Ct. 718 (2016)].” In that supplemental
petition, counsel asked that the court:
(1) vacate [Clark’s] illegal sentence;
(2) schedule a resentencing hearing wherein [the court] may
impose a constitutionally sound sentence that is reflective and
proportionate to [Clark’s] level of culpability;
(3) permit Petitioner/Undersigned counsel to supplement and/or
amend the instant petition once the undersigned has had the
opportunity to thoroughly review his lower court and appellate
court record; and
(4) grant such other relief as the [c]ourt may deem proper and in
the interest of justice.
Supplemental PCRA Petition, 7/14/17, at [8].
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On July 25, 2017, the PCRA court issued an order stating that
“[p]etitioner’s Motion to Supplement Initial PCRA Petition is hereby granted
and the issue of [p]etitioner’s unconstitutional sentence issue is preserved as
timely. Petitioner is allowed to further supplement the initial pro se Petition
with assistance of counsel.” PCRA Court Order, 7/25/17. Thereafter, on
October 13, 2017, counsel filed a supplemental PCRA petition, in which he
raised the following issues on Clark’s behalf: (1) trial counsel was ineffective
for conceding Clark’s guilt on the firearm charge; (2) trial counsel was
ineffective for failing to request a third-degree murder instruction; (3) Clark’s
sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole is
unconstitutional under Miller and Montgomery; (4) after-discovered
evidence in the form of sentencing consideration granted by the
Commonwealth to a witness who testified against Clark at trial; and (5) Clark’s
attempted murder conviction should have merged with his murder conviction
for purposes of sentencing. In the petition, counsel noted his belief that none
of the issues raised was meritorious except the two sentencing claims.
Counsel then filed a “Motion for Sentencing Hearing Pursuant to the Post
Conviction Relief Act” on October 13, 2017. By order dated February 9, 2018,
the court scheduled a resentencing hearing, which was ultimately held on July
17, 2018. At that time, the court resentenced Clark to a term of 45 years’ to
life imprisonment for first-degree murder, and concurrent terms of 20 to 40
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years’ and 3 to 6 years’ imprisonment for attempted murder and carrying a
firearm without a license, respectively.1
On July 26, 2018, counsel filed an amended PCRA petition raising the
following additional claims: (1) trial counsel was ineffective or failing to
interview and investigate other potential witnesses; and (2) a new
constitutional right was established by the decision of the Pennsylvania
Supreme Court in Commonwealth v. Fulton, 179 A.3d 475 (Pa. 2018),
entitling Clark to suppression of the wireless telephone evidence. Counsel
indicated his belief that both issues lacked merit and that Clark was not
entitled to PCRA relief. Counsel did not, however, file a petition to withdraw
pursuant to Turner/Finley.2 On August 13, 2018, the PCRA court issued an
order denying Clark’s PCRA petition.
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1 Clark filed a post-sentence motion followed by a separate notice of appeal
of the judgment of sentence imposed on resentencing pursuant to Miller and
Montgomery. That appeal was docketed in this Court at number 1668 MDA
of 2018 and was ultimately dismissed for failure to file a brief. It is unclear
why the PCRA court essentially bifurcated the proceedings in this matter by
resentencing Clark prior to disposing of his remaining PCRA claims. However,
because only Clark’s sentence—and not his convictions—was disturbed at
resentencing, all other aspects of his original judgment remained final and the
PCRA court properly proceeded with the disposition of Clark’s remaining
claims. See Commonwealth v. Lesko, 15 A.3d 345 (Pa. 2011) (where
federal habeas petitioner granted new penalty hearing, all other aspects of
original judgment remain final for purposes of determining right to first-
petition PCRA review)
2Commonwealth v. Turner, 544 A.2d 927 (Pa. 1988); Commonwealth v.
Finley, 550 A.2d 213 (Pa. Super. 1988) (en banc).
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On August 27, 2018, Clark filed a pro se motion to remove counsel,
requesting that he be allowed to proceed pro se. On September 7, 2018,
Clark also filed, pro se, a notice of appeal to this Court with respect to the
PCRA court’s denial of PCRA relief. On September 12, 2018, counsel filed on
Clark’s behalf a motion for a Grazier3 hearing, indicating that Clark wished to
proceed without counsel. That same day, counsel also filed a notice of appeal
from the denial of PCRA relief.4 On September 14, 2018, the PCRA court
issued an order directing Clark to file a concise statement of errors complained
of on appeal pursuant to Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b). On September 25, 2018, the
court issued an order denying Clark’s motion for a Grazier hearing.
On November 6, 2018, Clark filed a motion in this Court to remand his
case to the trial court for a Grazier hearing. By order filed November 14,
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3 Commonwealth v. Grazier, 713 A.2d 81 (Pa. 1998) (requiring on-the-
record determination of voluntariness of waiver of counsel).
4 Two timely notices of appeal were filed with respect to the court’s August
13, 2018 order denying PCRA relief. The first was filed by Clark, pro se, on
September 7, 2018. The second was filed by counsel on September 12, 2018,
contemporaneously with a motion for a Grazier hearing. Generally, there is
no right to hybrid representation; pro se filings by a counseled defendant
constitute legal nullities. See Commonwealth v. Ellis, 626 A.2d 1137 (Pa.
1993). “When a counseled defendant files a pro se document, it is noted on
the docket and forwarded to counsel pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 576(A)(4), but
no further action is to be taken.” Commonwealth v. Williams, 151 A.3d
621, 623 (Pa. Super. 2016). However, a notice of appeal is distinguishable
from other filings, as it protects a constitutional right. Id. at 624, citing Ellis,
626 A.2d at 1138-41; 210 Pa. Code § 65.24. Accordingly, “this Court is
required to docket a pro se notice of appeal despite [an a]ppellant being
represented by counsel[.]” Williams, 151 A.3d at 624.
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2018, this Court stayed the briefing schedule and remanded the case to the
trial court for purposes of a Grazier proceeding. On December 3, 2018, the
trial court entered an order directing that Clark be permitted to proceed pro
se and directing him to file a Rule 1925(b) statement. Clark filed his Rule
1925(b) statement on December 14, 2018.
Before we address the merits of Clark’s claims, we must determine
whether he was effectively denied his rule-based right to counsel on his timely
first PCRA petition.5 See Pa.R.Crim.P. 904(C) (“[W]hen an unrepresented
defendant satisfies to the judge that the defendant is unable to afford or
otherwise procure counsel, the judge shall appoint counsel to represent the
defendant on the defendant’s first petition for post-conviction relief.”)
(emphasis added). For the reasons that follow, we conclude that he was.
Here, PCRA counsel raised a total of seven claims on Clark’s behalf. Of
those claims, counsel concluded that five of them lacked merit, and noted that
belief in the body of the petitions. He did not, however, seek leave to withdraw
as counsel or follow the procedures required under Turner/Finley. Clark
raises this issue in his pro se brief, arguing that:
[i]nstead of being forced to comply with the well[-]established
elements set forth by the Finley court[,] court[-]appointed
counsel was allowed to utilize appellant[’]s one and only attempt
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5 Clark had filed a prior PCRA petition which resulted in the reinstatement of
his direct appellate rights. Accordingly, the instant PCRA petition is considered
to be a timely first PCRA petition. Commonwealth v. Karanicolas, 836 A.2d
940, 944 (Pa.Super.2003) (when PCRA petitioner’s direct appeal rights are
reinstated nunc pro tunc in first PCRA petition, subsequent PCRA petition will
be considered first PCRA petition for timeliness purposes).
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at seeking collateral review to argue within his supplemental
amendments why appellant[’]s claims were without merit.
Counsel’s actions and the PCRA court[’]s concurrence[] abrogated
Finley, as well as Pa.R.Crim.P. 907.
Brief of Appellant, at 14.
During PCRA proceedings, “once counsel has entered an appearance on
a defendant’s behalf he is obligated to continue representation until the case
is concluded or he is granted leave by the court to withdraw his appearance.”
Commonweath v. Willis, 29 A.3d 393, 397 (Pa. Super. 2011), quoting
Commonwealth v. White, 871 A.2d 1291 (Pa. Super. 2005). As this Court
has explained:
The Turner/Finley decisions provide the manner for [PCRA]
counsel to withdraw from representation. The holdings of those
cases mandate an independent review of the record by competent
counsel before a PCRA court or appellate court can authorize an
attorney’s withdrawal. The necessary independent review
requires counsel to file a “no-merit” letter detailing the nature and
extent of his review and list each issue the petitioner wishes to
have examined, explaining why those issues are meritless. The
PCRA court, or an appellate court if the no-merit letter is filed
before it, see Turner, supra, then must conduct its own
independent evaluation of the record and agree with counsel that
the petition is without merit[.]
[T]his Court [has] imposed additional requirements on counsel
that closely track the procedure for withdrawing on direct appeal.
. . . [C]ounsel is required to contemporaneously serve upon his
[or her] client his [or her] no-merit letter and application to
withdraw along with a statement that if the court granted
counsel’s withdrawal request, the client may proceed pro se or
with a privately retained attorney[.]
Commonwealth v. Reed, 107 A.3d 137, 140 (Pa. Super. 2014) (citation
omitted).
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Here, counsel plainly believed that Clark’s claims—save his two legality-
of-sentencing claims—were without merit. Despite this fact, after relief was
granted on Clark’s Miller/Montgomery claim, but prior to the court’s
disposition of Clark’s remaining claims, counsel failed to follow the procedures
required under Turner/Finley by requesting leave to withdraw from his
representation of Clark, submitting a proper “no-merit” letter, and advising
Clark of his right to either seek private counsel or advocate in the PCRA court
on his own behalf. Accordingly, we are constrained to vacate the PCRA court’s
order dismissing Clark’s petition and remand this matter to the PCRA court for
the appointment of new counsel. Upon his or her appointment, counsel shall
either file an amended PCRA petition on Clark’s behalf, or proceed in
accordance with the dictates of Turner/Finley and seek leave to withdraw as
counsel.6
Further exacerbating counsel’s failure to comply with Turner/Finley,
the PCRA court dismissed Clark’s petition without first providing him notice of
its intent to do so pursuant to Pa.R.Crim.P. 907. Issuance of Rule 907 notice
is mandatory and requires vacatur of the order of dismissal, unless the
petitioner waives the claim by failing to raise it on appeal. Commonwealth
v. Guthrie, 749 A.2d 502 (Pa. Super. 2000). See also Commonwealth v.
Feighery, 661 A.2d 437 (Pa. Super. 1995) (explaining notice requirement of
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6 We are aware that Clark sought, and was granted, leave to proceed pro se
in this appeal. However, it is apparent from Clark’s brief that he desires an
opportunity for effective representation by counsel in the prosecution of his
claims in the PCRA court.
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intention to dismiss is mandatory; vacating and remanding for fulfillment of
notice requirement). Here, Clark has raised the lack of Rule 907 notice in his
appellate brief. See Brief of Appellant, at 14, 22. Given our ultimate
disposition today, we simply alert the PCRA court that, in the event it
ultimately dismisses Clark’s claims without a hearing, it must issue notice
under Rule 907 prior to doing so.7
Order vacated; case remanded for further proceedings in accordance
with the dictates of this memorandum. Application for clarification denied.
Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 9/9/2019
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7 In the event newly-appointed counsel files a proper Turner/Finley “no-
merit” letter, Rule 907 notice prior to dismissal is unnecessary, as long as
Clark is given at least 20 days to respond to any no-merit letter. See
Commonwealth v. Bond, 630 A.2d 1281 (Pa. Super. 1993) (holding PCRA
court’s dismissal without providing Rule 907 notice acceptable where dismissal
occurs more than 20 days after petitioner received counsel’s no-merit letter).
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Com. v. Clark, J.
Combined Opinion