In re the Termination of the Parent-Child Relationship of W.H. (Minor Child) and S.M. (Father), S.M. (Father) v. Indiana Department of Child Services (mem. dec.)

MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be
FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Sep 19 2019, 5:24 am

court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK
Indiana Supreme Court
the defense of res judicata, collateral Court of Appeals
and Tax Court
estoppel, or the law of the case.

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE
A. David Hutson Curtis T. Hill, Jr.
Hutson Legal Attorney General
Jeffersonville, Indiana
Natalie F. Weiss
Deputy Attorney General
Indianapolis, Indiana

IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA

In re the Termination of the September 19, 2019
Parent-Child Relationship of Court of Appeals Case No.
W.H. (Minor Child) and 19A-JT-537
S.M. (Father), Appeal from the
S.M. (Father), Clark Circuit Court
The Honorable
Appellant-Respondent,
Vicki Carmichael, Judge
v. Trial Court Cause No.
10C04-1804-JT-16
Indiana Department of Child
Services,
Appellee-Petitioner

Vaidik, Chief Judge.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 1 of 10
 Case Summary
[1] S.M. (“Father”) appeals the termination of his parental rights to his son, W.H.

(“Child”). We affirm.

Facts and Procedural History
[2] In January 2017, Child was born to Father and F.H. (“Mother”). At the time

of his birth, Child tested positive for opiates and amphetamine. See Ex. A.

Child had withdrawal symptoms, such as increased muscle tone, low-grade

fever, tremors, jerking, and loose stool. See id. Mother admitted using

methamphetamine and heroin “pretty much every day” since March or April

2016 and throughout the course of her pregnancy. Id. At the time of the birth,

Father’s whereabouts were unknown, and he had two criminal cases pending:

he was charged with Level 6 felony possession of a narcotic drug in May 2016,

see 22D02-1605-F6-1121, and with Class A misdemeanor driving while

suspended in January 2016, see 22D02-1601-CM-192. After Child was born, he

was removed from Mother’s care by emergency custody order and remained in

the hospital.1 See id.

[3] A few days later, on February 2, the Department of Child Services (DCS) filed

a petition alleging that Child was in need of services (CHINS). The petition

alleged that Mother had exposed Child to drugs while pregnant and that Father

1
Mother has voluntarily relinquished her parental rights to Child and does not participate in this appeal.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 2 of 10
 was unable to be located to care for Child. An initial hearing on the CHINS

petition was held the next day, February 3. Father appeared and admitted the

allegations in the petition. Following the hearing, the court found that Child

was a CHINS and ordered that Child continue to be detained. The trial court

also ordered that Child be placed in relative care with Father’s daughter when

he was released from the hospital. A few days later, on February 9, Father was

tried for his 2016 offenses. Following a bench trial, the trial judge found him

guilty of Level 6 felony possession of a narcotic drug and Class A misdemeanor

driving while suspended. He was sentenced to thirty months for Level 6 felony

possession of a narcotic drug and a concurrent term of one year for Class A

misdemeanor driving while suspended, with six months executed and twenty-

four months suspended to probation. In May 2017, he was released to

probation.

[4] In June, following a dispositional hearing, the court ordered that Father

participate in services, including supervised visitation, drug screens, a

substance-abuse assessment, and a parenting assessment. The court also

ordered that Father obey the law and notify the Family Case Manager (FCM)

of any arrest or criminal charges within five days. On June 19, Father was

charged with committing Level 4 felony dealing in methamphetamine, Level 6

felony possession of methamphetamine, Level 6 felony unlawful possession of a

legend drug, Level 6 felony possession of a narcotic drug, and Class C

misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. See Ex. E; see also 10C02-1706-F4-

60. In January 2018, Father entered into an agreement with the State, in which

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 3 of 10
 he agreed to plead guilty to Level 6 felony possession of methamphetamine,

Level 6 felony unlawful possession of a legend drug, and Level 6 felony

possession of a narcotic drug in exchange for the State’s dismissal of all other

charges. The trial court accepted the plea agreement and sentenced him to 545

days with 369 days suspended to probation. After he was credited for time

served, Father was released to probation on January 9. As part of his

probation, Father agreed not to commit another criminal offense and that he

would not use or possess controlled substances unless prescribed by a physician.

See Ex. F. On February 6 and March 9, Father was screened for drugs and

tested positive for methamphetamine and amphetamine. See id. Then on April

18, he was charged with committing Level 6 felony possession of

methamphetamine and Class A misdemeanor possession of paraphernalia. See

id.; see also 22D03-1804-F6-846. Later that month, DCS filed a petition to

terminate Father’s parental rights to Child.

[5] In May, the State petitioned to revoke Father’s probation in his June 2017 case

for committing new criminal offenses in April and testing positive for

methamphetamine and amphetamine in February and March. See Ex. F.

Around that same time, Child’s placement was changed from relative care with

Father’s daughter to foster care. When Child arrived at his foster-care

placement, he was very little for his age, malnourished, and behind on

vaccinations. See Tr. p. 162. He also could not walk or talk. Since being

placed in foster care, Child has learned to walk, “communicates really well

through sign,” and is “starting to talk.” Id.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 4 of 10
[6] A fact-finding hearing on the termination petition was held over two days on

October 15 and December 4, 2018. FCM Alicia Theis testified that Father has

“always refused to do any services, meet with [her], or even entertain the

possibility of him doing services.” Tr. p. 45. FCM Theis said that during the

CHINS case, Father was arrested twice—in June 2017 and April 2018—and did

not comply with the court’s order to obey the law. Id. at 47-48. FCM Theis

recommended that Father’s parental rights be terminated and that Child be

adopted. See id. Jackie Estephan, one of Father’s probation officers, testified

that during her supervision of Father, he tested positive for illicit substances five

times. See id. at 99. Guardian ad Litem (GAL) Bernadette Olmos testified that

Child uses “sign language, currently, to communicate” and Father “has been

against . . . the use of sign language.” Id. at 107, 114. GAL Olmos said that

Child needs permanency and that she believes that the foster placement can

provide that permanency. See id. at 114. GAL Olmos wished Father could

have more time to try and reunite with Child but ultimately said that she would

choose termination of Father’s parental rights over giving him custody of

Child.2 See id. at 124. Dennis Hefton, one of Father’s visitation supervisors,

testified that in observing Father’s visits with Child, he believes that Father does

2
Father challenges the trial court’s finding regarding this testimony. That finding, Finding No. 21(b), says,
“[The GAL] was sympathetic to [Father] and wished to give him more time but noted that [Father] was not a
fit custodian as of the date of the termination hearing and finally concluded th[at] parental rights should be
terminated.” Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 11. Father contends that the “evidence does not support this
finding.” Appellant’s Br. p. 15. It does. That is, the GAL testified, “So if I had to choose, you know, hand
[Child] back today or terminate rights, terminate rights, basically.” Tr. p. 124.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 5 of 10
 not understand Child’s special needs.3 See id. at 139. Dennis said, for example,

that during one visit Father became “pretty upset that [Child was] signing” and

“thought his son looked retarded.” Id. at 140. Child’s foster mother, T.E.,

testified that Child’s “ability to communicate with signs is due to First Steps”

and occupational therapy. Id. at 162-63. T.E. said that her family adores Child

and would want to adopt him if Father’s parental rights were terminated. See

id. at 164.

[7] On January 14, 2019, after the fact-finding hearing had concluded, DCS filed a

motion to reopen the hearing for newly discovered evidence, alleging that it had

recently learned that an arrest warrant was issued for Father by the United

States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana. See Appellant’s App.

Vol. II p. 45. On February 19, the trial court held a hearing regarding DCS’s

motion and, over Father’s objection, allowed DCS to submit evidence that

Father had been indicted on federal charges for possessing a firearm as a felon.4

See Tr. p. 205. A few days later, on February 22, the trial court issued its order

terminating Father’s parental rights.

3
Father also challenges Finding No. 21(c), which says, “The service providers said [Father] and [Child] had
a loving relationship but noted that [Father] did not understand [Child’s] special needs and that [Father] was
not prepared to take custody of [Child] on the date of the termination hearing.” He argues that the “record
does not establish that [Father] did not understand [Child’s] needs.” Appellant’s Br. p. 17. Again, it does.
That is, Dennis testified that in observing Father’s visits with Child, he does not believe that Father
understands Child’s special needs, see Tr. p. 139, and GAL Olmos testified that Child uses sign language to
communicate and that Father has been against using sign language, see id. at 107, 114.
4
In addition to Father’s federal indictment, a review of his state criminal cases shows that there are currently
three bench warrants for his failure to appear. See 22D02-1601-CM-192; 22D02-1605-F6-1121; 22D03-1804-
F6-846.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 6 of 10
[8] Father now appeals.

Discussion and Decision
[9] When reviewing the termination of parental rights, we do not reweigh the

evidence or judge witness credibility. In re K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d 1225, 1229 (Ind.

2013). Rather, we consider only the evidence and reasonable inferences that

are most favorable to the judgment of the trial court. Id. When a trial court has

entered findings of fact and conclusions of law, we will not set aside the trial

court’s findings or judgment unless clearly erroneous. Id. To determine

whether a judgment terminating parental rights is clearly erroneous, we review

whether the evidence supports the trial court’s findings and whether the

findings support the judgment. In re V.A., 51 N.E.3d 1140, 1143 (Ind. 2016).

[10] A petition to terminate parental rights must allege, among other things:

(B) that one (1) of the following is true:

(i) There is a reasonable probability that the conditions
that resulted in the child’s removal or the reasons for
placement outside the home of the parents will not be
remedied.

(ii) There is a reasonable probability that the continuation
of the parent-child relationship poses a threat to the well-
being of the child.

(iii) The child has, on two (2) separate occasions, been
adjudicated a child in need of services;

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 7 of 10
 (C) that termination is in the best interests of the child; and

(D) that there is a satisfactory plan for the care and treatment of
the child.

Ind. Code § 31-35-2-4(b)(2). DCS must prove the alleged circumstances by

clear and convincing evidence. In re K.T.K., 989 N.E.2d at 1231. If the court

finds that the allegations in a petition are true, the court shall terminate the

parent-child relationship. Ind. Code § 31-35-2-8(a).

[11] On appeal, Father only challenges the trial court’s conclusion that termination

is in Child’s best interests. Therefore, we need only decide whether the

evidence supports that conclusion.5 To determine what is in the child’s best

interests, the trial court must look to the totality of the evidence. In re A.D.S.,

987 N.E.2d 1150, 1158 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013), trans. denied. In doing so, the trial

court must subordinate the interests of the parent to those of the child. Id. The

trial court need not wait until the child is irreversibly harmed before terminating

the parent-child relationship. Id. Moreover, we have previously held that the

recommendation by both the case manager and child advocate to terminate

parental rights, in addition to evidence that the conditions resulting in removal

5
Father contends that “the trial court adopted DCS’ proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law word-
for-word,” Appellant’s Br. p. 10, that the findings of fact “merely recite the testimony of witnesses,” id. at 12,
and that therefore the trial court’s findings are not proper. While we by no means encourage the wholesale
adoption of a party’s proposed findings and conclusions of law, the critical inquiry is whether such findings
are clearly erroneous. Kitchell v. Franklin, 26 N.E.3d 1050, 1058 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015), trans. denied. We see
no evidence that the trial court’s findings are clearly erroneous. Moreover, we do not agree that the trial
court’s findings merely recite the testimony of witnesses. While the order references some witness testimony,
it also contains thoughtful findings that flow from that testimony. The trial court’s findings are proper.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 8 of 10
 will not be remedied, is sufficient to show by clear and convincing evidence that

termination is in the child’s best interests. Id. at 1158-59.

[12] Father does not dispute the trial court’s conclusion that there is a reasonable

probability that the conditions that resulted in Child’s removal will not be

remedied. See Appellant’s App. Vol. II p. 8. Indeed, he acknowledges that

there is ample evidence to support this conclusion:

[Father] and DCS did not always get along very well. [Father]
was, at times, hostile to DCS staff and service providers and was
not fully compliant with the programs and services he was
ordered to participate in. . . . Specifically, he did not attend
family and team meetings, did not participate in the drafting and
implementation of [Child’s] case plan, failed to attend hearings,
refused to submit to some drug screens, did not participate in the
Fatherhood Engagement program, refused to commit to a
domestic violence assessment, failed to participate in an intensive
outpatient treatment program, and failed to regularly visit with
[Child]. . . . [Father] continued to test positive for
methamphetamine on occasion and also refused to submit to
random drug tests.

Appellant’s Br. p. 7. Additionally, both FCM Theis and GAL Olmos

supported termination of Father’s parental rights. See Tr. pp. 49, 124. While

this evidence alone is sufficient to support the trial court’s conclusion that it is

in Child’s best interests to terminate Father’s parental rights, GAL Olmos also

testified that Child needs permanency and that she believed that Child’s foster

placement can provide that permanency. See Tr. p. 114; see also In re A.D.S., 987

N.E.2d at 1159 (“permanency is a central consideration in determining the best

interests of a child”).
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 9 of 10
[13] Nevertheless, Father claims he is similar to the mother in In re C.B., No. 18A-

JT-3110, 2019 WL 2557309 (Ind. Ct. App. June 21, 2019), where we reversed

the termination of her parental rights. In that case, although the mother

relapsed and was incarcerated twice during the CHINS case, by the time of the

termination hearing, she had completed a mental-health assessment, substance-

abuse assessment, and a psychological evaluation. Id. at *5. She was compliant

with her criminal case and had maintained sobriety for at least three months.

Id. She had stable employment, had applied for health insurance, and had

addressed her mental-health needs by visiting her doctor and starting

medication. Id. We therefore concluded that termination of the mother’s

parental rights was not in the child’s best interests. Id. at *7.

[14] Father is not at all like the mother in C.B. For starters, Father has recently been

indicted on federal charges and is not in compliance with his other criminal

cases. In fact, there are currently multiple bench warrants for his failure to

appear. Moreover, unlike the Mother in C.B., Father has not even engaged, let

alone completed, most of the services that he was ordered to do.

[15] For all of these reasons, we find that the totality of evidence supports the trial

court’s conclusion that termination of Father’s parental rights is in Child’s best

interests.

[16] Affirmed.

Riley, J., and Bradford, J., concur.

Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-JT-537 | September 19, 2019 Page 10 of 10