COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Russell, AtLee and Senior Judge Haley
UNPUBLISHED
VICTORIA HERRERA
MEMORANDUM OPINION*
v. Record No. 0617-19-3 PER CURIAM
OCTOBER 1, 2019
CITY OF ROANOKE DEPARTMENT
OF SOCIAL SERVICES
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE CITY OF ROANOKE
William D. Broadhurst, Judge
(Christian A. Persinger; Steidle Law Firm, on brief), for appellant.
Appellant submitting on brief.
(Daniel J. Callaghan, City Attorney; Heather P. Ferguson, Assistant
City Attorney; Sarah Jane Newton, Guardian ad litem for the minor
children, on brief), for appellee. Appellee and Guardian ad litem
submitting on brief.
Victoria Herrera (mother) appeals an order terminating her parental rights and approving the
foster care goal of adoption for two of her children. Mother argues that the circuit court erred by:
(1) finding that the evidence was sufficient to terminate her parental rights and approve the goal of
adoption and (2) denying her motion for a continuance. Upon reviewing the record and briefs of
the parties, we conclude that the circuit court did not err. Accordingly, we affirm the decision of
the circuit court.
*
Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication.
BACKGROUND1
“On appeal from the termination of parental rights, this Court is required to review the
evidence in the light most favorable to the party prevailing in the circuit court.” Yafi v. Stafford
Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 69 Va. App. 539, 550-51 (2018) (quoting Thach v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of
Human Servs., 63 Va. App. 157, 168 (2014)).
Mother has two sons who are the subject of this appeal.2 On July 25, 2017, the City of
Roanoke Department of Social Services (the Department) received a complaint that the children,
who were autistic, had “full diapers” that had not been changed all day and that their house was
dirty. The children were two and three years old at the time. The Department investigated and
entered into a safety plan with mother, who agreed to change the children’s diapers regularly,
supervise the children at all times, clean the floors and kitchen, and remove all safety hazards
from the home. After several rescheduled visits, the Department returned almost two weeks later
and found that mother had made “very little progress.”
The Department returned to the home a few weeks later and found that the floors were
“sticky” and that there were flies “everywhere.” The Department noticed that there were boxes,
clothes, and trash piled four feet high along the walls between the kitchen and family room, so
there was “only a small path to walk.” The Department returned a couple of days later and
discovered rotten food in the refrigerator.
1
The record in this case was sealed. Nevertheless, the appeal necessitates unsealing
relevant portions of the record to resolve the issues appellant has raised. Evidence and factual
findings below that are necessary to address the assignments of error are included in this opinion.
Consequently, “[t]o the extent that this opinion mentions facts found in the sealed record, we
unseal only those specific facts, finding them relevant to the decision in this case. The remainder
of the previously sealed record remains sealed.” Levick v. MacDougall, 294 Va. 283, 288 n.1
(2017).
2
Mother has another child who is not the subject of this appeal. The father of her sons
had been deported twice to El Salvador and was not involved in the circuit court hearing.
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The Department entered into another safety plan with mother. Mother agreed that the
children would stay with her mother and a family friend until September 5, 2017, so that she
could focus on cleaning the house. When the Department went to the house on September 5,
2017, mother and several of her friends were cleaning the house, but it was not ready yet for the
children’s return. Mother and the Department agreed that she could have an additional day to
clean the house. Mother also agreed to submit to a hair follicle test, but she informed the
Department that she would test positive for cocaine.3
By September 6, 2017, the condition of the house was “a lot better” because mother had
cleaned the floors and refrigerator, as well as removed the safety hazards in the home. The
Department agreed to return the children, but mother had to continue decluttering and maintain
the cleanliness of the home. The Department made a referral for homemaker services to help her
with organization and cleaning.
In addition, as a result of mother’s cocaine admission and the positive hair follicle test,
the Department referred her for a substance abuse assessment. Despite the Department giving
her multiple opportunities and extensions, mother never attended the substance abuse
assessment. Consequently, the Department sought a child protective order, which the City of
Roanoke Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court (the JDR court) issued on September
22, 2017. The JDR court ordered mother to complete a substance abuse assessment and follow
all recommendations, keep appointments with service providers, maintain the cleanliness of the
home, provide a list of her medications to the Department, ensure that the children attended a
daily development program, and attend a family partnership meeting with the Department.
Mother attended the family partnership meeting and allowed the Department access to
her prescription records. She also completed the substance abuse assessment and the orientation
3
The results of the hair follicle test were positive for cocaine.
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for the recommended program. However, mother missed so many appointments after the
orientation that she was dropped from the program. Mother also did not keep her appointments
with the program providing homemaker services. She failed to ensure that the children attended
their daily development program; they missed at least eleven days in six weeks and were tardy
numerous times. Due to mother’s lack of compliance with the required services, the Department
filed for an emergency removal order, which the JDR court granted on November 9, 2017.
On December 14, 2017, the JDR court adjudicated that the children were abused or
neglected. On January 4, 2018, the JDR court entered the dispositional orders. Mother did not
appeal the dispositional orders.
Once the children entered foster care, the Department informed mother that she had to
maintain stable and clean housing, maintain verifiable income, cooperate with the Department
and its recommendations, submit to random drug screens, complete a substance abuse
assessment and follow all recommendations, participate in a psychiatric evaluation and follow all
recommendations, participate in a psychological and parental capacity assessment, attend
individual counseling, obtain appropriate child care, and attend all visitations.
Mother never provided verification of her income. She was evicted from her home on
August 16, 2018, and did not provide the Department with a new address. The Department
referred her to several places for individual counseling and a psychiatric assessment. Mother did
not participate in counseling or complete the psychiatric assessment. The Department referred
mother to parenting classes. She attended the first class but missed the next three classes, so she
was removed from the program. The Department referred her to another parenting class, but she
missed the first three classes and was removed again. Mother never completed the parenting
classes. The Department referred mother to drug screens on July 3 and 12, 2018, but she did not
attend either appointment. The Department referred mother to a substance abuse assessment and
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emphasized the importance of attending substance abuse treatment. Mother did not follow
through with the assessment.
For approximately nine months, the Department arranged weekly visitation between
mother and the children. Mother missed fourteen visits and was late for eleven visits. She did
not appear for her last scheduled visitation on August 21, 2018.
On October 9, 2018, the JDR court entered orders terminating mother’s parental rights to
her two children and approving the foster care goal of adoption. Mother appealed to the circuit
court.
On March 12, 2019, the parties appeared before the circuit court, and mother moved for a
continuance. She informed the circuit court that she had been out of town for a family
emergency and was unable to gather some documents, specifically copies of her lease,
employment records, and some counseling records, that she wished to present to the court. The
Department objected to the continuance and argued that mother had had several months to obtain
her documents. The Department noted that the JDR court terminated her parental rights on
October 9, 2018, and the circuit court originally scheduled the hearing for the appeal on January
3, 2019. However, “due to scheduling issues,” the case was continued to March 12, 2019. After
hearing the parties’ arguments, the circuit court denied mother’s motion for a continuance and
held that mother had had “ample time” to gather her documents. The circuit court told mother
that she could testify “as to whatever she like[d],” but the court was “not going to continue the
case at this late hour given the opportunity she had to prepare and failed to do so.”
The parties proceeded to present their evidence. The Department informed the circuit
court that despite its efforts, it had not had any contact with mother after the JDR court
terminated her parental rights. The Department explained that it did not have a valid address for
mother and that she never provided a current address. Mother’s phone did not always work, so
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the Department was limited to emailing mother at an email address that she provided. Mother
still had not completed substance abuse treatment, counseling, or parenting classes.
When the children entered foster care, both were diagnosed with autism, and the oldest
child was diagnosed with cerebral palsy also. Neither child was verbal. Since being in foster
care, both children were verbal. The older child had “blossomed” in foster care. He had
received physical and occupational therapy. He attended the Head Start program and was being
tested for the gifted program. The younger child also “flourished” in foster care. He had
received speech and occupational therapy and attended daycare. The Department explained that
the foster families were “willing to make long term commitments to these children.”
Mother testified that she loved her children and did not want her parental rights
terminated. At the time of the circuit court hearing, she was working two jobs and lived in a
two-bedroom apartment with a roommate.4 She explained that after her mother died on
September 16, 2017, she lost her support system and had a difficult time dealing with the loss.5
Mother admitted to missing two drug screens and never completing substance abuse treatment.
She testified that she last used illegal drugs approximately three weeks earlier and stated that she
had used drugs to cope with pressure and depression.
Mother admitted that she needed counseling. She had not started individual counseling,
but testified that she had found a counselor. She explained that she would have started
counseling before the circuit court hearing, but she had been out of town due to a death in her
family. Mother further admitted that she had not completed the parenting classes. She
4
The lease was in the roommate’s name, not mother’s name.
5
The Department referred mother to a grief support group, but it was unaware if she
participated with the group.
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acknowledged that she was late or missed her visitations “a lot of times.” She attributed her
tardiness or absences mostly to transportation issues.
After hearing all of the evidence and the parties’ arguments, the circuit court found that it
was in the best interests of the children to terminate mother’s parental rights under Code
§ 16.1-283(B) and (C)(2). It also approved the foster care goal of adoption. This appeal
followed.
ANALYSIS
Termination of parental rights
Mother argues that the circuit court erred in finding that the evidence was sufficient to
terminate her parental rights and approve the foster care goal of adoption.
“On review, ‘[a] trial court is presumed to have thoroughly weighed all the evidence,
considered the statutory requirements, and made its determination based on the child’s best
interests.’” Castillo v. Loudoun Cty. Dep’t of Family Servs., 68 Va. App. 547, 558 (2018)
(quoting Logan v. Fairfax Cty. Dep’t of Human Dev., 13 Va. App. 123, 128 (1991)). “Where, as
here, the court hears the evidence ore tenus, its finding is entitled to great weight and will not be
disturbed on appeal unless plainly wrong or without evidence to support it.” Fauquier Cty. Dep’t
of Soc. Servs. v. Ridgeway, 59 Va. App. 185, 190 (2011) (quoting Martin v. Pittsylvania Cty.
Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 3 Va. App. 15, 20 (1986)).
The circuit court terminated mother’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(B) and
(C)(2). Code § 16.1-283(C)(2) states that a court may terminate parental rights if:
The parent or parents, without good cause, have been unwilling or
unable within a reasonable period of time not to exceed 12 months
from the date the child was placed in foster care to remedy
substantially the conditions which led to or required continuation
of the child’s foster care placement, notwithstanding the
reasonable and appropriate efforts of social, medical, mental health
or other rehabilitative agencies to such end.
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“[S]ubsection C termination decisions hinge not so much on the magnitude of the
problem that created the original danger to the child, but on the demonstrated failure of the
parent to make reasonable changes.” Yafi, 69 Va. App. at 552 (quoting Toms v. Hanover Dep’t
of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 257, 271 (2005)). “Considerably more ‘retrospective in nature,’
subsection C requires the court to determine whether the parent has been unwilling or unable to
remedy the problems during the period in which he has been offered rehabilitation services.”
Toms, 46 Va. App. at 271 (quoting City of Newport News Dep’t of Soc. Servs. v. Winslow, 40
Va. App. 556, 562-63 (2003)).
The Department had referred mother to substance abuse treatment, parenting classes,
counseling services, psychiatric services, homemaker services, and a grief support group.
Mother admittedly did not complete any of the required services. Despite the Department’s
emphasis on mother’s need for substance abuse treatment, she never completed treatment and
testified that she had used illegal drugs as recently as three weeks before the circuit court
hearing. The Department also arranged for weekly visitation with the children, but mother
frequently missed or was late to the visitations. The Department “is not required to force its
services upon an unwilling or disinterested parent.” Tackett v. Arlington Cty. Dep’t of Human
Servs., 62 Va. App. 296, 323 (2013) (quoting Harris v. Lynchburg Div. of Soc. Servs., 223 Va.
235, 243 (1982)); see also Logan, 13 Va. App. at 130.
The circuit court found that mother had not remedied the problems that led to the
children’s placement in foster care. The circuit court further found that the Department offered
programs and services to mother to help her, but she did not “follow up.” Furthermore, the
circuit court found that mother had not demonstrated that she had “the skills necessary to care for
the children” and that she was “not in a position to be a mother to children, certainly not these
two.”
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Both children had special needs, and after being in foster care for approximately sixteen
months, the children’s needs were being met and they were “thriving.” When they entered foster
care, neither child was verbal. While in foster care, the children had received necessary therapy
and attended school. At the time of the circuit court hearing, both were verbal. The evidence
proved that the children were doing well. The circuit court told mother that the children could
not “simply sit and wait for [her] to get [her] stuff together. They’re growing. They have needs
and they need stability.” “It is clearly not in the best interests of a child to spend a lengthy
period of time waiting to find out when, or even if, a parent will be capable of resuming his [or
her] responsibilities.” Tackett, 62 Va. App. at 322 (quoting Kaywood v. Halifax Cty. Dep’t of
Soc. Servs., 10 Va. App. 535, 540 (1990)).
Based on the totality of the circumstances, the circuit court did not err in terminating
mother’s parental rights under Code § 16.1-283(C)(2).6 “When a trial court’s judgment is made
on alternative grounds, we need only consider whether any one of the alternatives is sufficient to
sustain the judgment of the trial court, and if so, we need not address the other grounds.” Kilby
v. Culpeper Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 55 Va. App. 106, 108 n.1 (2009); see also Fields v.
Dinwiddie Cty. Dep’t of Soc. Servs., 46 Va. App. 1, 8 (2005) (the Court affirmed termination of
parental rights under one subsection of Code § 16.1-283 and did not need to address termination
of parental rights pursuant to another subsection). Therefore, we will not consider whether the
circuit court erred in terminating mother’s parental rights pursuant to Code § 16.1-283(B).
6
With respect to mother’s challenge of the foster care goal of adoption, “[o]ur decision to
affirm the termination order necessarily subsumes this aspect of his appeal because a
preponderance-of-the-evidence standard governs judicial modifications of foster care plans.”
Toms, 46 Va. App. at 265 n.3.
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Motion for continuance
Mother argues that the circuit court erred by denying her motion for a continuance. She
asserts that she needed additional time to gather necessary documents to present as evidence.
She contends that the circuit court’s denial of her motion prevented her “from being able to
adequately defend the case against her.”
“The decision to grant a motion for a continuance is within the sound discretion of the
circuit court and must be considered in view of the circumstances unique to each case.” Haugen
v. Shenandoah Valley Dep’t of Soc. Services, 274 Va. 27, 34 (2007). “The circuit court’s ruling
on a motion for a continuance will be rejected on appeal only upon a showing of abuse of
discretion and resulting prejudice to the movant.” Id.
As the circuit court found, mother had “ample time” to gather her documents in
preparation for trial. Mother noted her appeal of the JDR court ruling in October 2018; the
circuit court hearing was in March 2019. Furthermore, the hearing already had been continued
from an earlier date in January 2019, giving mother an additional two months to prepare and
assemble her evidence.
Mother was present at the circuit court hearing and had an opportunity to testify about her
current circumstances. She testified about her housing and employment situation. She also
stated her intention to seek counseling. Mother has not shown that the circuit court would have
reached a different conclusion if it had the documents that merely would have corroborated her
testimony. Thus, she failed to demonstrate any prejudice. Contrary to mother’s arguments, the
circuit court did not abuse its discretion in denying her motion for a continuance.
CONCLUSION
For all of the foregoing reasons, the circuit court’s ruling is affirmed.
Affirmed.
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