State v. Brooks

[Cite as State v. Brooks, 2019-Ohio-4060.]

COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO

EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

STATE OF OHIO, :

Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 107977
v. :

ULIOUS BROOKS, :

Defendant-Appellant. :

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: October 3, 2019

Criminal Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas
Case No. CR-18-630496-A

Appearances:

Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting
Attorney, and Christine M. Vacha, Assistant Prosecuting
Attorney, for appellee.

Thomas Rein, for appellant.

MARY EILEEN KILBANE, A.J.:

Defendant-appellant, Ulious Brooks (“Brooks”), appeals his

conviction for felonious assault. For the reasons set forth below, we affirm.
 In July 2018, Brooks was charged with two counts of felonious

assault.1 After several pretrial hearings, Brooks waived his right to a jury trial and a

bench trial ensued. The parties stipulated to Brooks’s prior convictions by way of

certified journal entries.

Through the testimonies of two state witnesses, the following was

established. F.L.2 testified that she and Brooks are cousins, the offspring of two

sisters. On July 7, 2018, F.L. went to her aunt’s apartment, where Brooks was living,

to give her an update on F.L.’s sister’s condition. F.L. testified that before she

decided to go to her aunt’s apartment, she asked if Brooks was at home and was told

he was not. F.L. explained that because she was transgender, Brooks did not like

her and was always saying: “[K]eep him away from me.” F.L. stated she would not

have gone if she had known Brooks would be home.

F.L. testified that while she was sitting on the bed talking with her

aunt, she was stabbed in the back. F.L. stated she turned, saw it was Brooks, and

tried to wrestle the knife away, but Brooks stabbed her a second time. F.L.

immediately ran out of her aunt’s apartment and into the hallway in an attempt to

get help. F.L. knocked on several doors before a neighbor answered and called for

emergency assistance.

1 Notices of prior conviction and repeat violent offender specifications were
attached to each count.
2 The victim identifies as transgender and will be referred throughout by initials.
 F.L. testified she began to feel weak because she was losing a lot of

blood, so she returned to her aunt’s apartment, laid faced down on the kitchen floor,

and waited for EMS to arrive. F.L. testified that while she was laying on the floor,

Brooks placed a towel on her back to slow the bleeding. Brooks told her he was sorry

and asked her not to tell the police that he stabbed her, but instead should say that

she was stabbed before she came to the apartment.

F.L. testified she had about two drinks and had smoked marijuana

before arriving at her aunt’s apartment. F.L. stated that she might also have used

drugs before arriving, but maintained she was not intoxicated. In addition, F.L.

acknowledged that she had three felony convictions and that she discovered the

morning of trial that there was an outstanding warrant for her arrest.

Thomas Hinkle (“Officer Hinkle”), of the Cuyahoga County

Metropolitan Housing Authority Police Department, testified that when he

responded to the scene, he observed F.L. on the floor moaning and that she kept

saying: “[Brooks] stabbed me, [Brooks] stabbed me.” Officer Hinkle testified that

Brooks indicated he was doing first aid on F.L., who had been stabbed prior to

arriving at the apartment.

Officer Hinkle testified that he observed blood stains on the front

door jams of the apartment and also on the adjacent walls. Office Hinkle testified

that F.L. was transported to the hospital by EMS and Brooks was taken into custody

by the Cleveland Police Department. A bloodied towel and a knife were collected

from the scene.
 After the state rested, Brooks moved for a judgment of acquittal on

both counts. The trial court denied the motion. Brooks rested without calling any

witnesses. He then renewed his Crim.R. 29 motion. Once again, the trial court

denied the motion. The trial court found Brooks guilty of one of the two counts of

felonious assault, with the attached specifications. The trial court sentenced Brooks

to four years in prison and imposed three years of mandatory postrelease control.

Brooks now appeals, assigning the following three errors for review:

Assignment of Error No. 1

The trial court erred by failing to grant a judgment of acquittal pursuant
to Crim.R. 29 and the charge was not supported by sufficient evidence.

Assignment of Error No. 2

[Brooks’s] conviction is against the manifest weight of the evidence.

Assignment of Error No. 3

The trial court erred by ordering [Brooks] to pay court costs in the
sentencing journal entry.

Sufficiency of the Evidence

In the first assignment of error, Brooks argues his motion for

judgment of acquittal should have been granted because his conviction was not

supported by sufficient evidence.

Crim.R. 29(A), which governs motions for acquittal, states:

The court on motion of a defendant or on its own motion, after the
evidence on either side is closed, shall order the entry of a judgment of
acquittal of one or more offenses charged in the indictment,
information, or complaint, if the evidence is insufficient to sustain a
conviction of such offense or offenses.
 Sufficiency is a test of adequacy. Whether the evidence is legally

sufficient to sustain a verdict is a question of law. State v. Williams, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 106563, 2018-Ohio-4612, citing State v. Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d

380, 386, 678 N.E.2d 541 (1997). When reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence to

support a criminal conviction, an appellate court examines the evidence admitted at

trial to determine whether such evidence, if believed, would convince the average

mind of the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Id. The relevant inquiry is

whether, after viewing the evidence in a light most favorable to the prosecution, any

rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime proven

beyond a reasonable doubt. Id., citing State v. Jenks, 61 Ohio St.3d 259, 574 N.E.2d

492 (1991), paragraph two of the syllabus.

In the instant case, the trial court found Brooks guilty of felonious

assault in violation of R.C. 2903.11(A)(1) after finding that Brooks knowingly caused

“serious physical harm” to another.

At trial, during direct examination of F.L., the following exchange

took place:

[STATE]: When you arrived at your aunt’s house, what happened? Just
kind of walk us through that night.

[F.L.]: Okay. I was sitting on her bed, and as I was telling her the story
of what — the reason why I had came over, what was going on with my
sister, I felt [Brooks] stab me in my back. And that’s when I looked back
and I seen it was him, and so I tried to grab the knife from him. And we
were tussling and somehow I got on the ground and he stabbed me
again. And then, at that point, I got up and I ran into the hallway, to the
other apartment. I was knocking on the neighbor’s door and stuff
asking for help because his mother didn’t want to call the ambulance
 for me, for some odd reason. And the guy next door did finally call the
ambulance for me.

[STATE]: All right. So is it fair to say that the first time you saw your
cousin was when you turned around immediately after you were
stabbed?

[F.L.]: Yes.

[STATE] Okay. Do you remember him saying anything to you before
stabbing you?

[F.L.]: No, he didn’t say anything before he first stabbed me. But when
he first stabbed me, I asked him, like, why would you — well, not when
he started stabbing me, but as I’m on the ground, I was asking him, why
would you stab me? And he was like, I told you I was going to get you.

[STATE]: What did you interpret that to mean when he said, I told you
I was going to get you?

[F.L.]: Oh, I’m sure he thought he was going to harm me because
previously we had arguments over the phone and over the Internet site
because my sister and his girlfriend — her name is [S.J.] — they were
into an argument. They were calling to kill on one another, so it was a
big confrontation with that.

Here, to establish that F.L. sustained serious physical harm, the state

presented F.L.’s testimony that Brooks stabbed her in the back and that she turned

and saw that it was Brooks, who had stabbed her and that she attempted to wrestle

the knife away, but was stabbed again. As previously noted, Brooks and F.L. are

cousins, so we would not expect her to be mistaken about his identity.

Through F.L.’s testimony, the state also presented Brooks’s motive for

the stabbing. In addition, the state presented the testimony of Officer Hinkle, who

observed F.L. laying on the floor moaning because she was stabbed and who testified

that F.L. identified Brooks as the assailant.
 Further, the state presented evidence that F.L. had to receive medical

attention for her injuries. Where injuries to the victim are serious enough to cause

him or her to seek medical treatment, the finder of fact may reasonably infer that

the force exerted on the victim caused serious physical harm as defined by R.C.

2901.01(A)(5). State v. Montgomery, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 102043, 2015-Ohio-

2158, ¶ 12, citing State v. Lee, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 82326, 2003-Ohio-5640, ¶ 24.

Based on the foregoing, we conclude the state presented sufficient

evidence to support Brooks’s conviction for felonious assault. As a result, the trial

court did not err in denying Brooks’s motion for acquittal.

Accordingly, the first assignment of error is overruled.

Manifest Weight of the Evidence

In the second assignment of error, Brooks argues his conviction is

against the manifest weight of the evidence.

Analyzing a claim under the manifest weight standard requires us to

“review the entire record, weigh all of the evidence and all of the reasonable

inferences, consider the credibility of the witnesses, and determine whether, in

resolving conflicts in evidence, the factfinder clearly lost its way and created such a

manifest miscarriage of justice that the conviction must be reversed[.]” State v.

Thompkins, 78 Ohio St.3d at 387, 678 N.E.2d 541, citing State v. Martin, 20 Ohio

App.3d 172, 485 N.E.2d 717 (1st Dist.1983).

We are required to give “due deference” to the factfinder’s

conclusions because “the demeanor of witnesses, the manner of their responses, and
many other factors observable by [the factfinder] * * * simply are not available to an

appellate court on review.” State v. Vicario, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106373, 2018-

Ohio-4217, ¶ 9, citing State v. Miller, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100461, 2014-Ohio-

3907, ¶ 58, citing Thompkins; State v. Bailey, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97754, 2012-

Ohio-3955, ¶ 11, quoting State v. Bierbaum, 3d Dist. Seneca No. 13-88-18, 1990

Ohio App. LEXIS 1204 (Mar. 4, 1990).

As previously noted, F.L. acknowledged that she had three felony

convictions and indicated that she had discovered the day of trial that there was an

outstanding warrant for her arrest. As a consequence of F.L.’s criminal record,

Brooks broadly argues that F.L.’s testimony should not have been relied on to

convict him of felonious assault.

Recently, in State v. Robertson, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 106279,

2018-Ohio-2934, we stated:

Simply because a witness has a criminal record does not mean his or
her testimony cannot be relied upon to convict a defendant. See, e.g.,
State v. Nitsche, 2016-Ohio-3170, 66 N.E.3d 135, ¶ 44; see also State v.
Wells, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 98388, 2013-Ohio-3722, ¶ 130
(credibility of witnesses in murder case was left to the jury where
witnesses admitted they were high on crack cocaine the day of the
murder and had “extensive criminal histories”); State v. Medezma-
Palomo, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88711, 2007-Ohio-5723, ¶ 36-37 (fact
that several of the state’s witnesses had criminal records did not
preclude the jury from finding their testimony to be credible); State v.
Petty, 10th Dist. Franklin Nos. 11AP-716 and 11AP-766, 2012-Ohio-
2989, ¶ 41 (fact that witnesses had criminal records did not render their
testimony unreliable; jury could weigh information regarding
witnesses’ criminal histories in determining how much credibility to
give their testimony).

Id. at ¶ 29.
 Furthermore, the trier of fact is best able “to view the witnesses and

observe their demeanor, gestures, and voice inflections, and use these observations

in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.” State v. Burks, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 106639, 2018-Ohio-4777, ¶ 48, citing State v. Wilson, 113 Ohio St.3d

382, 2007-Ohio-2202, 865 N.E.2d 1264, ¶ 24. The jury may take note of any

inconsistencies and resolve them accordingly, “believ[ing] all, part, or none of a

witness’s testimony.” Id. at ¶ 48, citing State v. Raver, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 02AP-

604, 2003-Ohio-958, ¶ 21, citing State v. Antill, 176 Ohio St. 61, 67, 197 N.E.2d 548

(1964).

In the instant case, we cannot say that the trial court lost its way

simply because it chose to believe F.L.’s testimony. The trial court was able to assess

her credibility despite her criminal history. As a result, we conclude Brooks’s

conviction is not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

Accordingly, the second assignment of error is overruled.

Imposition of Court Costs

In the third assignment of error, Brooks contends that the trial court

erred by imposing court costs because it failed to advise him of court costs at

sentencing.

The state concedes there is merit to Brooks’s contention and cites

State v. Joseph, 125 Ohio St.3d 76, 2010-Ohio-954, 926 N.E.2d 278, proposing that

this court remand for the limited purpose of allowing Brooks to seek a waiver of the

payment of court costs.
 Prior to the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision in State v. Beasley, 153

Ohio St.3d 497, 2018-Ohio-493, 108 N.E.3d 1028, we were required to do exactly

what the state proposes. However, under Beasley, we no longer need to remand to

the trial court to hold a sentencing hearing for Brooks to seek a waiver of the

payment of court costs. Now, Brooks can file a motion on his own to move for the

waiver of costs. See State v. Gooden, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 107691, 2019-Ohio-

2917, ¶ 27, citing Beasley at ¶ 267.

Accordingly, the third assignment of error is overruled.

Judgment affirmed.

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the

common pleas court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant’s

conviction having been affirmed, any bail pending is terminated. Case remanded to

the trial court for execution of sentence.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27

of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.

______
MARY EILEEN KILBANE, ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE

EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., and
PATRICIA ANN BLACKMON, J., CONCUR