NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4062-17T4
SONNY CABRERA, JR.,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
FAIRLEIGH DICKINSON
UNIVERSITY,
Defendant/Third-Party
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
KB ELECTRIC SERVICES
COMPANY, INC., and THE
HARTFORD INSURANCE
COMPANY,
Third-Party Defendants.
_____________________________
Argued September 23, 2019 – Decided October 8, 2019
Before Judges Fasciale and Mitterhoff.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Passaic County, Docket No. L-2883-15.
Dennis G. Polizzi argued the cause for appellant (Pitts
& Polizzi, LLP, attorneys; Dennis G. Polizzi, of
counsel and on the brief).
Richard Evan Barber argued the cause for respondent
Fairleigh Dickinson University (Haworth Barber &
Gertsman LLC, and Post & Schell, PC, attorneys;
Richard Evan Barber, Richard B. Wickersham, Jr. and
Matthew Dean Johnson, on the brief).
PER CURIAM
In this personal injury case, defendant Fairleigh Dickinson University
hired KB Electric Services Company, Inc. (KB) to change lights on top of its
library. Defendant knew about a latent defect on the roof, but failed to warn
anyone at KB of the danger. Plaintiff, an employee of KB, fell off the roof
because of this dangerous condition. The judge held that defendant owed
plaintiff – and KB – no duty to warn about the danger.1 Under the facts here,
we disagree and reverse.
Summary judgment may be granted when, considering the evidence in the
light most favorable to the non-moving party, there is no genuine issue of
material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. R.
1
The judge originally found that fact issues precluded summary judgment to
defendant. On reconsideration, the judge granted summary judgment to
defendant holding that no duty existed. Plaintiff appeals from an order denying
his subsequent motion for reconsideration of the order granting summary
judgment to defendant.
A-4062-17T4
2
4:46–2(c); see also Brill v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 142 N.J. 520, 540
(1995). When reviewing an order granting summary judgment, we apply the
same standards that the trial court applies when ruling on the motion. Oyola v.
Xing Lan Liu, 431 N.J. Super. 493, 497 (App. Div. 2013).
Ordinarily, plaintiff would access the roof by using a KB bucket truck.
From the bucket, he would do his repair work, while wearing a safety fall
protection harness that was attached to the bucket. But in this instance,
defendant interfered with that practice. After directing plaintiff where to work,
defendant parked its own truck where the bucket truck needed to be. Plaintiff
therefore was unable to access the roof from the bucket. Moreover, plaintiff was
unable to access the roof from inside the library. Plaintiff found an alternate
way to reach the roof, and while there, leaned on a balustrade to retrieve pliers
that another worker had tossed to him. Plaintiff fell when the balustrade gave
way.
It is undisputed that a dangerous condition existed. The day after the
accident, defendant's engineer inspected the balustrade and issued a report. In
his report, he stated:
The accident occurred at the northeast corner of the
existing Library building over the Orangerie Room
....
A-4062-17T4
3
The balustrade is made using cast stone material. The
balustrade at the location of the failure consists of six
(6) balusters supporting a continuous [capstone]
spanning horizontal from the solid piers at each side of
the balustrade. . . .
All of the six balusters failed at their thinnest section,
approximately [five] (5) inches above the base. . . . The
top horizontal stone also failed at the connections of the
[capstone] over the solid pier on each side. . . . The
top stone has a butt joint at the face of the solid piers
and is only continuous over the balusters. . . . This butt
joint appears to have been grouted, however not much
grout was attached to the remaining [capstones] over
the solid piers. . . .
The connection of the balusters to the [capstone]
appears to be a mortar connection along with a mortar
connection at the butt joint between the pieces of
[capstone]. We did not identify any type of mechanical
fasteners at any connections. Also, the balustrades are
unreinforced.
After performing a general inspection of the remaining
in place balustrade around the perimeter of the roof, it
appears that most of the mortar joints between the butt
joints in the [capstones] have deteriorated, with some
joints being caulked in the past. . . . The mortar joint
between the top of the balusters and the [capstone] is
also cracked and loose at some locations.
However, at the time of our inspection, the remaining
balustrades appear that they would be substantial and
appear[] to be stable under normal anticipated loading
conditions, except for major seismic activity.
The solid piers at each side of the balustrades also
appear to be quite substantial and would be stable under
A-4062-17T4
4
anticipated normal type loading conditions, except for
major seismic activity. . . .
[Emphasis added.]
Indeed, defendant's representative testified that the university repaired the
balustrades before the accident. He explained that before the accident, the
university joint caulked the balustrades "where the accident occurred." He
testified that before the accident, he had seen "mismatching caulk" in the area
of the accident. This representative also said he knew that the repair work
included caulking "the tops of the rails"; the caulking occurred on the "lower
level on the upper facing joints" of the balustrades; and that the work was done
to address "waterproofing issues." He explained that the water infiltration
"deteriorates mortar . . . in the joint[s]."
Although defendant knew about the latent dangerous condition, and even
though defendant prevented plaintiff from accessing the roof using the bucket,
defendant remained silent about deteriorating joints, waterproof problems,
mismatching caulk, and previous repairs to the top of the rails and facing joints.
We emphasize that the dangerous condition – the unstable balustrades –
remained not visible to plaintiff, and that the balustrades were unrelated to the
electrical work.
A-4062-17T4
5
"An occupier of land owes a duty to his invitee to use reasonable care to
make the premises safe. . . ." Olivo v. Owens–Illinois, Inc., 186 N.J. 394, 406
(2006) (quotation marks and citation omitted). And a landowner has "'the duty
to provide a reasonably safe working place'" for an independent contractor he or
she hires. Muhammad v. N.J. Transit, 176 N.J. 185, 199 (2003) (quoting
Wolczak v. Nat'l Elec. Prod. Corp., 66 N.J. Super. 64, 75 (App. Div. 1961)).
"The landowner's duty includes the obligation of making a reasonable inspection
to discover defective and hazardous conditions." Sanna v. Nat'l Sponge Co.,
209 N.J. Super. 60, 66 (App. Div. 1986). Here, defendant knew the dangerous
condition existed before the accident.
We fully understand defendant's contention as to independent contractors.
"[T]he law carves out an exception to the requirement that premises be made
safe for an independent contractor when the contractor is invited onto the land
to perform a specific task in respect of the hazard itself." Olivo, 186 N.J. at 406-
07. "'[T]he duty to provide a reasonably safe working place for employees of
an independent contractor does not relate to known hazards which are part of or
incidental to the very work the contractor was hired to perform.'" Id. at 407
(quoting Muhammad, 176 N.J. at 199) (emphasis added).
A-4062-17T4
6
Specifically, the duty "does not entail the elimination of operational
hazards which are obvious and visible to the invitee upon ordinary observation
and which are part of or incidental to the very work the contractor was hired to
perform." Sanna, 209 N.J. Super. at 67 (emphasis added); see also Wolczak, 66
N.J. Super. at 75; Dawson v. Bunker Hill Plaza Assocs., 289 N.J. Super. 309,
318 (App. Div. 1996). This exception exists because "'[t]he landowner may
assume that the worker, or his superiors, are possessed of sufficient skill to
recognize the degree of danger involved and to adjust their methods of work
accordingly.'" Muhammad, 176 N.J. at 199 (quoting Wolczak, 66 N.J. Super. at
75).
But here, the dangerous condition did not pertain to an operational hazard
that was obvious and visible to plaintiff upon ordinary observation. It was
hidden; only defendant knew about it. And the dangerous condition was not part
of or incidental to repairing light bulbs. Furthermore, the engineer verified that
the balusters were made of cast stone material, and that the balusters and the
solid piers "appear[ed] [to] be substantial and appear[ed] to be stable under
A-4062-17T4
7
normal anticipated loading conditions, except for major seismic activity." Only
defendant knew that this was not the case.2
Reversed.
2
We conclude defendant's argument—that no duty exists because the balusters
were ornamental—is without merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion.
R. 2:11–3(e)(1)(E). We nevertheless add that the case law cited by defendant in
its merits brief for that proposition is misplaced entirely.
A-4062-17T4
8