THIRD DIVISION
DILLARD, P. J.,
GOBEIL and HODGES, JJ.
NOTICE: Motions for reconsideration must be
physically received in our clerk’s office within ten
days of the date of decision to be deemed timely filed.
http://www.gaappeals.us/rules
October 22, 2019
In the Court of Appeals of Georgia
A19A1375. DOVEL v. DOVEL.
GOBEIL, Judge.
In this divorce action, we granted the application for discretionary appeal of
Wesley Joshua Dovel (the “Husband”) to review the trial court’s award of $5,000 in
attorney fees to Samantha Leanne Dovel (the “Wife”) pursuant to OCGA § 19-6-2 (a).
The Husband contends that the trial court’s award was erroneous because (1) attorney
fees under OCGA § 19-6-2 (a) were precluded by the parties’ settlement agreement
waiving alimony; and (2) it failed to provide a statutory basis, findings of fact, and
conclusions of law for the attorney fees award. Because we agree that the award
under OCGA § 19-6-2 (a) was precluded by the parties’ waiver of alimony, we
reverse the trial court’s award.
The record shows that in 2017, the Wife filed a complaint for divorce, which
included a request for temporary and permanent alimony and attorney fees. On the
day of trial, the parties agreed to settle the case. The parties represented to the trial
court that they had resolved all issues regarding debts and assets. As part of the
settlement agreement, the parties waived alimony, both affirming that there was “no
alimony or support of any kind” between them. But the parties reserved the issue of
attorney fees for the trial court’s determination.
The trial court held a hearing on the attorney fees issue. During the hearing, the
trial court requested clarification as to which statutory provision applied to the Wife’s
request for attorney fees. In response, the Wife’s counsel confirmed twice that
attorney fees were being sought under OCGA § 19-6-2. The parties introduced
evidence of their respective financial circumstances for the trial court’s consideration
as required by OCGA § 19-6-2. The trial court confirmed that it was only considering
whether to award attorney fees under OCGA § 19-6-2 pursuant to the Wife’s request.1
1
The trial judge expressed, “They’re only asking [for attorney fees] under
[OCGA § ] 19-6-2 which, as I understand it, is in the discretion of the court. But I do
have to consider the financial circumstances of both parties in making the award.”
The Wife’s counsel acquiesced in the trial judge’s statements confirming that the
Wife’s basis of recovery was under OCGA § 19-6-2 and did not suggest that attorney
fees were being sought under a different statutory provision.
2
The Husband’s counsel objected to the request for attorney fees, arguing that a
recovery was prohibited under OCGA § 19-6-2 because the parties’ settlement
agreement had waived alimony. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court
rejected the Husband’s arguments and awarded attorney fees to the Wife in the
amount of $5,000 under OCGA § 19-6-2.
The Wife’s counsel prepared the final judgment and decree of divorce, which
incorporated the parties’ settlement agreement and included the attorney fees award
to the Wife. The final decree was approved as to form by the Husband’s counsel, and
it was submitted to the trial court for entry. After the trial court entered the final
decree, the Husband timely filed an application for discretionary appeal pursuant to
OCGA § 5-6-35 (a) (2) seeking review of the attorney fees award. We granted the
Husband’s application, and the instant appeal ensued.
1. The Husband contends that the award of attorney fees under OCGA § 19-6-2
(a) was precluded by the parties’ settlement agreement waiving alimony. We agree.
Although the final judgment failed to specify the statutory provision under
which the attorney fees were awarded, the parties do not dispute that the trial court’s
award was based upon OCGA § 19-6-2. OCGA § 19-6-2 (a) provides, in pertinent
part, as follows:
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The grant of attorney[] fees as a part of the expenses of litigation, made
at any time during the pendency of the litigation, whether the action is
for alimony, divorce and alimony, or contempt of court arising out of
either an alimony case or a divorce and alimony case, . . . shall be:
(1) Within the sound discretion of the court, except that the court
shall consider the financial circumstances of both parties as a part
of its determination of the amount of attorney[] fees, if any, to be
allowed against either party[.]
In other words, OCGA § 19-6-2 authorizes attorney fees awards in certain actions
involving alimony. Further, “[a]ttorney fees . . . awarded to a spouse pursuant to
OCGA § 19-6-2 . . . are considered to be a part of alimony.” Vakharwala v.
Vakharwala, 301 Ga. 251, 254-255 (1) (b) (799 SE2d 797) (2017). When, as here,
parties enter an agreement barring the recovery of alimony, an award of attorney fees
under OCGA § 19-6-2 likewise is barred. See id. (holding that wife was barred from
recovering attorney fees under OCGA § 19-6-2 since the parties’ prenuptial
agreement barred either party from seeking or obtaining any form of alimony or
support from the other); McClain v. McClain, 237 Ga. 80, 81-82 (1) (227 SE2d 5)
(1976) (holding that wife was not entitled to attorney fees under the predecessor to
4
OCGA § 19-6-2 because she entered into a reconciliation agreement with the husband
that barred any future claims of alimony).
The parties’ settlement agreement, which was incorporated into the final
divorce decree, unambiguously waived the parties’ rights to receive alimony.
Specifically, the settlement agreement provided:
NO ALIMONY. Each party waives and forever relinquishes any claims
and rights each has or may have to alimony, maintenance and support of
any nature from the other or his or her estate, whether in the form of
periodic payments, lump sum payments or awards of property from his
or her separate estate or otherwise.
The Wife concedes that the settlement agreement does not permit the award under
OCGA § 19-6-2.2 The Wife nevertheless argues that the reservation of the attorney
fees issue and award in the decree create ambiguity as to whether attorney fees could
be sought under OCGA § 19-6-2.
“The cardinal rule of [contract] construction is to ascertain the intention of the
parties.” OCGA § 13-2-3; Sutherlin v. Sutherlin, 301 Ga. 581, 584 (II) (A) (802 SE2d
204) (2017).
2
In her appellate brief, the Wife states, “[w]e agree with the [H]usband that the
settlement agreement does not permit the award.”
5
Where any contractual term of a settlement agreement incorporated into
a decree is clear, unambiguous, and capable of only one interpretation
as written, the provision’s plain meaning must be strictly enforced.
However, where there is ambiguity, we must apply well-settled rules of
contract construction.
Cahill v. United States, 303 Ga. 148, 150 (810 SE2d 480) (2018) (citation and
punctuation omitted). Under OCGA § 13-2-2 (4), “[t]he construction which will
uphold a contract in whole and in every part is to be preferred, and the whole contract
should be looked to in arriving at the construction of any part[.]” We are mindful of
the maxim that “[we] should avoid any construction that renders portions of the
contract language meaningless.” Sutherlin, 301 Ga. at 585 (II) (A) (citation and
punctuation omitted). The “No Alimony” provision in the parties’ settlement
agreement did not provide an exception for attorney fees. A construction of the terms
of the settlement agreement that would allow for such an exception would render
meaningless the provision’s broad waiver and relinquishment of “any claims and
rights each has or may have to alimony, maintenance and support of any nature[.]”
Because the Wife’s suggested construction in this regard would invalidate the agreed
upon broad waiver of alimony, her construction is not authorized. See Ford v. Ford,
349 Ga. App. 45, 49-51 (3) (825 SE2d 449) (2019) (physical precedent only)
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(rejecting wife’s construction of attorney fees provision that would nullify the broad
waiver of alimony in the parties’ settlement agreement, and holding that award of
attorney fees to wife was precluded by the waiver of alimony).
Moreover, the parties’ agreement to reserve the issue of attorney fees for the
trial court’s determination does not establish an intent to allow attorney fees under
OCGA § 19-6-2 (a). Notably, OCGA § 19-6-2 does not provide the only statutory
basis upon which an award of attorney fees can be sought in a divorce proceeding.
For instance, OCGA § 9-15-14 authorizes a court to assess attorney fees against any
party who has engaged in misconduct in bringing a claim or in defending against any
civil action.3 See Vakharwala, 301 Ga. at 253-254 (1) (a) (affirming an award of
attorney fees to the wife under OCGA § 9-15-14 (b) in a divorce action based on the
3
After the trial court entered the final judgment and divorce decree, the Wife
filed a motion for attorney fees to assert a claim under OCGA § 9-15-14. The trial
court did not rule upon the Wife’s motion before the Husband filed the application
for discretionary appeal. To the extent that the Wife was seeking an amended order
modifying the ground for the award of attorney fees, her requested relief could not be
provided while appellate review was pending. See OCGA § 5-6-35 (h) (“The filing
of an application for appeal shall act as a supersedeas to the extent that a notice of
appeal acts as supersedeas.”); Wright v. Burch, 331 Ga. App. 839, 842 (1) (a) (771
SE2d 490) (2015) (upon the filing of an application for discretionary review, the trial
court is divested of jurisdiction; thus, “any attempts by [a] trial court to alter its
ruling” on the subject motion after the filing of an application for discretionary
review would be void) (citation omitted).
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husband’s egregious and improper behavior). When the parties’ settlement was
announced to the trial court, the Wife had not yet identified the statute under which
attorney fees were being sought. At a point during the hearing, the Wife’s counsel
argued generally that the Husband had engaged in misconduct that had unnecessarily
expanded the proceedings. But the Wife’s counsel stopped short of presenting
evidence supporting a claim under OCGA § 9-15-14 and instead claimed that attorney
fees were being sought under OCGA § 19-6-2 (a).4 Because OCGA § 19-6-2 (a) was
not the only available authority for an attorney fees award, the parties’ reservation of
the attorney fees issue did not establish an intention to carve out an exception from
the broad waiver of alimony. Accordingly, we reject the Wife’s arguments suggesting
an exception to the “No Alimony” settlement provision. The parties’ waiver of
alimony in the settlement agreement precluded the attorney fees award under OCGA
§ 19-6-2 (a). See Vakharwala, 301 Ga. at 254-255 (1) (b).
4
The Wife’s allegations regarding the Husband’s misconduct did not support
a claim for attorney fees under OCGA § 19-6-2. “An award under OCGA § 19-6-2
depends on the financial circumstances of the parties, not their wrongdoing; it is to
be made with the purpose of ensuring effective representation of both spouses in an
action arising out of a divorce.” Cason v. Cason, 281 Ga. 296, 299-300 (3) (637 SE2d
716) (2006) (citation and punctuation omitted).
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2. In light of our decision to reverse the attorney fee award in Division 1, the
Wife’s claim of error challenging the form of the award in the final decree has been
rendered moot.
Judgment reversed. Dillard, P. J., and Hodges, J., concur.
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Wesley Joshua Dovel v. Samantha Leanne Dovel
Combined Opinion