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[PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 17-15706
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D.C. Docket No. 3:17-cv-01260-BJD-MCR
ALBERT HOLLAND, JR.,
Petitioner - Appellant,
versus
SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,
FLORIDA ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondents - Appellees.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Middle District of Florida
________________________
(November 1, 2019)
Before: ED CARNES, Chief Judge, MARCUS, and WILLIAM PRYOR, Circuit
Judges.
PER CURIAM:
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Albert Holland, a Florida death row inmate, appeals the district court’s
orders dismissing his 28 U.S.C. § 2254 petition for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction and denying his motion for reconsideration. We affirm. 1
I.
Nearly thirty years ago, Albert Holland attacked a woman and left her semi-
conscious with severe head wounds. Then, when the police tried to arrest him,
Holland grabbed one of the officers’ guns and fatally shot the officer in the groin
and stomach. A Florida jury convicted Holland of first-degree murder (among
other things) and the state trial court sentenced him to death.
Since then, Holland’s case has generated over two decades’ worth of
litigation, most of which is not relevant to this appeal. See Holland v. Florida, 775
F.3d 1294, 1298–1305 (11th Cir. 2014) (setting out the procedural history). For
our purposes, it is important to know that after Holland’s conviction and sentence
became final, and after he unsuccessfully sought postconviction relief in state
court, he filed three federal habeas petitions. First, in 2006 Holland filed a 28
U.S.C. § 2254 petition in the Southern District of Florida. That petition, which
made it all the way up to the Supreme Court and back, was ultimately denied on
1
The panel unanimously agrees that oral argument is not needed in this case. See 11th
Cir. R. 34-3(b), (f) (permitting a panel to determine by unanimous vote that the appeal will be
decided without oral argument); 11th Cir. R. 22-4(b)(1) (stating that capital habeas appeals “shall
proceed” under the Eleventh Circuit Rules); see also 11th Cir. R. 22-4, IOP 2 (“A capital case
appeal will include oral argument on the merits unless the panel decides unanimously that oral
argument is not needed.”).
2
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the merits. See Holland, 775 F.3d at 1322. Second, in 2009 Holland filed a
petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2241 in the Middle District of Florida. The district
court dismissed that petition without prejudice. It found that although Holland
labeled the petition as one arising under § 2241, the petition challenged the validity
of his conviction and was therefore subject to the second or successive
requirements set out in 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b), including the requirement that he seek
this Court’s authorization before filing it. Because Holland did not obtain our
authorization, the district court concluded that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction
over the petition. Both the district court and this Court denied Holland a certificate
of appealability. See Holland v. Sec’y, Dep’t of Corr., No. 09-13497 (11th Cir.
Nov. 24, 2010).
That brings us to Holland’s third federal habeas petition, the subject of this
appeal. In 2017 Holland filed a habeas petition in the Middle District of Florida.
Once again, he did not obtain this Court’s authorization to do so. So once again,
the district court dismissed the petition without prejudice for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction and denied Holland a certificate of appealability. Holland then filed a
motion for reconsideration, which the district court denied after concluding that it
did not meet the requirements for altering or amending a judgment under Federal
3
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Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e) or for relief from final judgment under Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 60(b). Holland now appeals both orders. 2
II.
We review de novo whether the district court had jurisdiction over
Holland’s third federal habeas petition. See Bowles v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr.,
935 F.3d 1176, 1180 (11th Cir. 2019). It did not. Holland has already filed two
habeas petitions in federal court. The first of those petitions was denied on the
merits. That means any later petition -- containing claims, like the ones here, that
could have been raised when Holland filed his initial § 2254 petition -- that
Holland filed is considered “successive” and must meet the requirements set out in
28 U.S.C. § 2244(b). See Boyd v. United States, 754 F.3d 1298, 1302 (11th Cir.
2014) (holding that an earlier-in-time petition can only render a later one
2
Holland did not need a certificate of appealability (COA) to appeal from the district
court’s order dismissing his petition for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because that order is
not “final” for purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c). Hubbard v. Campbell, 379 F.3d 1245, 1247
(11th Cir. 2004). It is unclear, however, whether Holland needed to obtain a COA to appeal
from the district court’s order denying his motion for reconsideration of the dismissal of his
petition for lack of jurisdiction. We have held that a petitioner needs a COA to appeal the denial
of a Rule 59(e) or Rule 60(b) motion that challenges the denial or dismissal of a habeas petition,
an appeal from which would itself require a COA. See Perez v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 711
F.3d 1263, 1264 (11th Cir. 2013) (Rule 59(e)); Gonzalez v. Sec’y for the Dep’t of Corr., 366
F.3d 1253, 1263 (11th Cir. 2004) (en banc) (Rule 60(b)). We have not, however, decided
whether those holdings should be extended to an appeal from the denial of a Rule 59(e) or Rule
60(b) motion that challenges the dismissal of a petition for lack of jurisdiction, an appeal from
which would not itself require a COA. We need not decide that issue in this case because even
assuming that Holland did not need a COA to appeal the denial of his motion for reconsideration
of the dismissal of his petition in this case, we affirm the district court’s denial of his motion for
reconsideration.
4
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successive if it was denied on the merits). One of those requirements is that the
petitioner “move in the appropriate court of appeals for an order authorizing the
district court to consider the [petition]” before he files it in district court.
28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A). Because Holland did not do so, the district court was
without jurisdiction to consider his petition on the merits and had no choice but to
dismiss it. See Burton v. Stewart, 549 U.S. 147, 157 (2007) (holding that a district
court must dismiss a petition “for lack of jurisdiction” if the petitioner doesn’t
obtain the court of appeals’ authorization before filing it).
To the extent Holland argues that his petition was filed under § 2241 instead
of § 2254, and as a result, the second or successive requirements do not apply, we
disagree. This Court has long held that “a prisoner collaterally attacking his
conviction or sentence may not avoid the various procedural restrictions imposed
on § 2254 petitions . . . by nominally bringing suit under § 2241.” Antonelli v.
Warden, U.S.P. Atlanta, 542 F.3d 1348, 1351 (11th Cir. 2008). There is no
question that the claims Holland asserted in his third federal habeas petition
attacked the validity of his conviction and sentence. And there is no question that
the authorization requirement set out in § 2244(b)(3)(A) is one of the procedural
restrictions that Antonelli was talking about. See Bowles, 935 F.3d at 1182
(describing “the AEDPA’s restrictions on second or successive applications” as a
“procedural obstacle” that cannot be overcome by bringing suit under § 2241). So
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even if Holland intended for his third federal habeas petition to be filed under
§ 2241 and not § 2254 -- an argument he never made in the district court -- he still
needed this Court’s authorization before filing the petition, and the district court
still needed to dismiss the petition because he failed to obtain that authorization.
III.
Holland did not specify whether he filed his motion for reconsideration
under Rule 59(e) or Rule 60(b). Either way, we review the district court’s denial
for an abuse of discretion. Jenkins v. Anton, 922 F.3d 1257, 1263–64 (11th Cir.
2019); Lugo v. Sec’y, Fla. Dep’t of Corr., 750 F.3d 1198, 1207 (11th Cir. 2014).
Under that standard “we affirm unless we determine that the district court applied
an incorrect legal standard, failed to follow proper procedures in making the
relevant determination, or made findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.” Lugo,
750 F.3d at 1207. Because we conclude that the district court did not err in
dismissing Holland’s petition for lack of subject matter jurisdiction, we also
conclude that the district court did not abuse its discretion by denying Holland’s
motion for reconsideration of that dismissal.
AFFIRMED.3
3
Because we affirm the dismissal of Holland’s habeas petition on the ground that the
district court lacked jurisdiction, we do not address the state’s separate argument that the district
court should have dismissed the petition because it was filed pro se and Holland was represented
by counsel.
6