RECORD IMPOUNDED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-3329-17T1
J.R.B.,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
K.M.B.,
Defendant-Appellant.
__________________________
Submitted October 2, 2019 – Decided November 7, 2019
Before Judges Sabatino and Sumners.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Camden County,
Docket No. FV-04-1925-18.
Craig Annin & Baxter LLP, attorneys for the appellant
(Jeffrey Scott Craig, on the brief).
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Following a January 23, 2018 hearing addressing the married parties'
cross-complaints of harassment under the Prevention of Domestic Violence Act
(Act), N.J.S.A. 2C:25-17 to -35, the trial judge issued final restraining orders
(FRO) against each party for the reasons expressed in his oral decision. Only
K.M.B (Karen)1 appeals, arguing:
POINT I – THE TRIAL COURT'S ENTRY OF THE
FINAL RESTRAINING ORDER VERSUS
APPELLANT SHOULD BE OVERTURNED AND
THE FRO VACATED BECAUSE RESPONDENT
FAILED TO PROVE THE PREDICATE ACT OF
HARASSMENT.
A. Standard of Review.
B. There Is No Evidence That Appellant Acted With
Purpose To Harass.
POINT II – THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT
RESPONDENT FEARED FOR HIS SAFETY OR
THAT A FINAL RESTRAINING ORDER WAS
NECESSARY TO PREVENT FUTURE ABUSE.
Based upon the arguments presented and applicable law, we affirm.
We discern the following facts from the FRO hearing, in which neither
party were represented by counsel, pertinent to the claims made against Karen
by J.R.B. (James). The parties had been married for almost six years, but were
estranged – living apart across the street from each other – when the conduct
1
We use pseudonyms for the convenience of the reader, and to protect the
parties' privacy.
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2
arose that formed the basis of the their cross-complaints. After James was
released from county jail,2 he told Karen he did not want to be with her anymore,
and, according to his count, she texted and called him "at least 172 times . . . ,
within a 48 hour period[, about] just nutty things and all kinds of crazy things."
This included Karen's accusation that James was having an affair with her friend.
When James texted her to "just please leave me alone," she replied, "you're
going to be sorry that you did this."
After the judge examined the text messages on James's cell phone, he
asked James whether he was afraid for "[his] safety or health." James replied,
"Oh, yes. Yeah. I'm afraid she would do something even to stab herself and try
to blame it on me." James further reiterated he was afraid because "[j]ust the
way she talks and [talks] about her brother." James was on ISP because of a
conviction arising from a violent incident with Karen's brother. James' sister
testified that James and Karen had a "toxic" relationship.
In her testimony, Karen denied making any threatening calls or texts to
James. She testified regarding previous incidences of domestic violence. She
2
James testified he was in jail "because [Karen] called [his] ISP [(Intense
Supervision Probation)] officer an asshole."
A-3329-17T1
3
argues before us that James failed to prove she harassed him and he was fearful
of his safety from her future conduct.
Our review of a trial court's factual findings is limited. Cesare v. Cesare,
154 N.J. 394, 411 (1998). Findings by the trial court "are binding on appeal
when supported by adequate, substantial, credible evidence." Id. at 411-12
(citing Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Investors Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)).
"Appellate courts should defer to trial courts' credibility findings that are often
influenced by matters such as observations of the character and demeanor of
witnesses and common human experience that are not transmitted by the
record." State v. Locurto, 157 N.J. 463, 474 (1999).
An FRO may issue only if the judge finds the parties have a relationship
bringing the complained of conduct within the Act, N.J.S.A. 2C:25-19(d); the
defendant committed an act designated as domestic violence, N.J.S.A. 2C:25-
19(a); and the "restraining order is necessary, upon an evaluation of the factors
set forth in N.J.S.A. 2C:25-29(a)(1) to -29(a)(6), to protect the victim from an
immediate danger or to prevent further abuse." Silver v. Silver, 387 N.J. Super.
112, 125-27 (App. Div. 2006).
Relevant here, the predicate act of harassment is defined in N.J.S.A.
2C:33-4(a) and -(c), as when a person "with purpose to harass another":
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a. Makes, or causes to be made, a communication or
communications anonymously or at extremely
inconvenient hours, or in offensively coarse language,
or any other manner likely to cause annoyance or alarm;
....
c. Engages in any other course of alarming conduct or
of repeatedly committed acts with purpose to alarm or
seriously annoy such other person.
Harassment requires the defendant to act with the purpose of harassing the
victim. J.D. v. M.D.F., 207 N.J. 458, 486 (2011). "A finding of a purpose to
harass may be inferred from the evidence presented," and a judge may use
"[c]ommon sense and experience" to determine a defendant's intent. State v.
Hoffman, 149 N.J. 564, 577, (1997). To that end, judges should consider the
totality of the circumstances to determine whether an underlying act of
harassment in the context of domestic violence has occurred. Id. at 584-85.
Applying those principles here, we conclude there is no basis to disturb
the factual findings or legal conclusions of the trial judge. Both parties testified.
The judge had ample opportunity to assess their credibility, and found they were
guilty of harassing each other. We are satisfied the record supports the trial
judge's determination that based upon the parties' toxic relationship, Karen's
texts constitute harassment as they were meant to seriously annoy and alarm
James. Contrary to Karen's contention on appeal, the judge did not find her
A-3329-17T1
5
guilty of harassment based upon the evidence of a photo showing Karen giving
"the finger" to no one in particular at the direction of a camera located at James'
sister's house. We likewise discern no cause to upset the judge's finding that an
FRO was necessary to protect James from further harassment considering the
deterioration of his marital relationship and his testimony that he was fearful of
Karen's potential future conduct. The finding is based upon the judge's finding
that James' testimony was credible, to which we must defer.
Affirmed.
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