MEMORANDUM DECISION
Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D),
this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED
regarded as precedent or cited before any Nov 27 2019, 9:28 am
court except for the purpose of establishing
CLERK
the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT
Michelle L. Woodward
Pittman Law Firm
Bedford, Indiana
IN THE
COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
P.T. (minor child), by next November 27, 2019
friend, Terry Tlustek, Court of Appeals Case No.
Appellant-Respondent, 19A-PO-1241
Appeal from the
v. Lawrence Circuit Court
The Honorable
Ka. A.-L. (minor child) and Ki. Kelsey B. Hanlon, Special Judge
A.-L. (minor child), by next Trial Court Cause Nos.
friend Rachel Leaneagh, 47C01-1902-PO-189
Appellees-Petitioners. 47C01-1902-PO-190
Kirsch, Judge.
[1] P.T., by next friend Terry Tlustek, (“P.T.”) appeals the trial court’s issuance of
permanent protective orders against him in two separate cases, one for Ka. A.-
L. (“Ka”) and one for Ki. A.-L. (“Ki”). He raises two issues, which we
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-PO-1241 | November 27, 2019 Page 1 of 11
consolidate and restate as whether sufficient evidence supported the trial court’s
issuance of the protective orders for both Ka and Ki.
[2] We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History
[3] Sisters Ka and Ki1 participated in a swimming program at Lawrence County
Aquatics (“LCA”). Tr. Vol. 2 at 8-9. P.T., age eleven, also participated in the
program. Id. at 8-9, 88. Ka and Ki would attend practice at least six times per
week. Id. at 8. Between April of 2018 and February of 2019, P.T. touched and
harassed Ka and Ki. Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 18-20 24-26. P.T. usually
touched and annoyed them while all three were in the swimming pool, but on
one occasion he did so when all three were at LCA but not in the pool itself.
[4] P.T. touched both Ka’s and Ki’s buttocks. P.T. touched Ka’s buttocks two
separate times. Tr. Vol. 2 at 26, 30. Ka described the incidents as follows:
“[H]e would come up behind me, and he would use his hand and brush my
bottom, and then my thighs, or my thighs; then my bottom.” Id. at 30. Ki, in
turn, described the touching as follows: “[P.T.] was standing right next to me
when I was doing a flip turn, and he put his hand on my butt.” Id. at 34. When
P.T. touched Ka and Ki, he often smirked at them. Id. at 12, 26, 34-35.
1
While the record shows that Ka was born in 2004 and Ki was born in 2007, it does not divulge their dates of
birth so we cannot determine their exact ages during each incident. However, it appears that that Ka was
fourteen or fifteen during the incidents and that Ki was at least ten years old during the first incident and at
least eleven by the time of the last incident in February of 2019. See Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 9, 13.
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[5] P.T. would also rub his body against Ka’s and Ki’s bodies. Ka described the
incidents as follows:
[H]e would come up behind me when I finally wasn’t looking at
him, and he would bob and brush his entire body against my
back, or if I was talking to someone else, he would come up and
bob his body -- he would come up and be bobbing, and his whole
body would brush against my front.
Id. at 30-31. Ki described similar incidents; P.T. would rub his belly against
Ki’s “front, my sides, and my back.” Id. at 36, 38. P.T. rubbed against Ki’s
body approximately forty times. Id. at 36. This made Ki uncomfortable and
scared. Id. at 37. Ki was afraid of P.T. partly because he was taller than her.
Id. P.T. would also grab Ka’s and Ki’s feet. Id. at 12, 40. Both Ka and Ki
frequently told P.T. to not touch them. Id. at 13, 28, 36. Ka told P.T six days
per week to stay away from her. Id. at 28.
[6] P.T. would also come very close to Ka and Ki outside the pool, particularly in a
hallway just outside the pool. Id. at 15. Ka and Ki would go into the hallway,
put mats on the floor, and do stretching exercises. Id. P.T. would follow them
into the hall and place his mat between the girls’ mats, such that Ka and Ki
could not do their stretching exercises without touching P.T. Id.
[7] P.T. would come close to Ka and Ki in other ways they found distressing,
including placing his face within inches of Ka’s and Ki’s buttocks. This
occurred when Ka and Ki would stand on a diving block at the edge of the
pool. As they stood on the block, P.T. would position himself just behind the
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block, so his face was inches from each girl’s buttocks. Id. at 13-14; 38-39. This
bothered Ka so much that each time she went to the pool, she would look for
P.T.: “The first thing I would do is start scanning the pool area and making
sure that he wasn’t there, and that if he was, I would know exactly where he
was; that way, I could be away from that area.” Id. at 15.
[8] Some of the incidents were unique to each girl. As to Ka, P.T. would rub his
hand down the full length of Ka’s back, lift his hand to avoid Ka’s buttocks, and
then run his hand down Ka’s thighs. Id. at 11. P.T. would sometimes corner
Ka in the pool, and while doing so, brush his hand against Ka’s arm or bump
her with his legs. Id. at 12-13.
[9] In a January 14, 2019 incident, while Ka was swimming laps, P.T. brushed his
side against Ka’s side, which made her “super uncomfortable.” Id. at 16.
When Ka was stationary against the pool wall, P.T. approached Ka and pressed
against her. Id. Ka told P.T. to stop, but he said that “he had no choice, he
couldn’t help it.” Id. Ka used her elbows to push P.T. away “because it was
really making me very uncomfortable.” Id. During this incident, P.T. touched
Ka at least thirty times. Id. at 16-17. All these incidents made Ka stressed and
anxious. Id. at 20-21.
[10] As to Ki, P.T. massaged her ear, which made Ki uncomfortable and nervous.
Id. at 37. On another occasion, Ki was playing cards with friends while sitting
on the pool’s bleachers, P.T. and his sisters approached the group, and P.T.
started “stomping around us, jumping off one part of the bleacher to another,
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being really loud,” which made Ki uncomfortable. Id. at 40. As P.T. was
introducing his sisters to Ki and her friends, P.T. thrust his finger close to Ki’s
face, which made her uncomfortable. Id. On another occasion, P.T. spit a
mouthful of water into Ki’s face. Id. at 39.
[11] While P.T. claimed that some of the incidents were accidental, he admitted that
some were intentional. Id. at 90. He also admitted that Ka and Ki often told
him not to touch them. Id. In fact, he admitted that Ka told him once or twice
per day not to touch her. Id. He also admitted to putting his face near each
girl’s buttocks. Id. at 91.
[12] On February 14, 2019, Rachel Leaneagh, Ka and Ki’s mother, filed two
petitions for a protective order, one for Ka under cause number 47C01-1902-
PO-189 and one for Ki under cause number 47C01-1902-PO-190. Appellant’s
App. Vol. II at 17-22, 23-29. Each petition alleged that P.T. had committed a
sex offense or stalking. Id. at 17, 23. Ka’s petition listed incidents occurring
between April of 2018 and February of 2019, claiming that P.T. touched her
buttocks and thighs, placed his hand near her groin, rubbed his body against
her, grabbed her feet, placed his face near her buttocks, ran his hand down her
back, breathed heavily while standing next to her, pointed his finger close to her
face, and stomped and yelled next to her as she tried to play cards with her
friends. Id. at 19-20. In her petition, Ki made allegations about similar
incidents occurring during the same period. Id. at 24-26. Ki also alleged that
P.T. touched her and bothered her in different ways; she claimed P.T. massaged
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her ear, spit water in her face, and pointed his finger close to her face and
yelled, “I’m not touching you! I’m not touching you!” Id. at 25.
[13] On February 15, 2019, the trial court issued a temporary, ex parte order under
each cause number, finding that both Ka and Ki proved by a preponderance of
the evidence that P.T had committed a sex offense against each one of them;
P.T. represented a credible threat, justifying the entry of temporary protective
orders; P.T. should be enjoined from committing a sex offense against Ka and
Ki; P.T. should be prohibited from harassing, annoying, telephoning,
contacting, or directly or indirectly communicating with Ka and Ki; and P.T.
should be ordered to stay away from the girls’ home and school. Id. at 35, 38.
[14] On March 28, 2019, the trial court conducted a hearing regarding whether to
make the temporary protective orders permanent. Tr. Vol. 2 at 2. As the
hearing began, the trial court consolidated the cases. Id. at 5. At the end of the
hearing, the trial court stated that the temporary, ex parte orders would “remain
in effect until the court issues its final order[s].” Id. at 92.
[15] On May 8, 2019, the trial court issued orders under each cause number, making
identical findings and issuing identical orders, finding that both Ka and Ki had
shown, by a preponderance of the evidence, that P.T. had stalked them and that
this justified making the temporary protective orders permanent orders.
Appellant’s App. Vol. II at 10-12, 14-16. The trial court enjoined P.T. from
stalking Ka and Ki and from harassing, annoying, telephoning, contacting, or
directly or indirectly communicating with Ka and Ki. Id. at 10, 14. The trial
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court did allow P.T. to be at the same locations and events as Ka and Ki, but it
ruled that P.T. must stay away from Ka and Ki by at least twenty-five feet. Id.
at 11, 15. P.T. now appeals. We will supply additional facts as necessary.
Discussion and Decision
[16] P.T. argues that the permanent restraining orders were not supported by
sufficient evidence because both Ka and Ki failed to prove by a preponderance
of evidence that P.T. stalked each of them.2
[17] We initially observe that Ka and Ki did not file an appellee’s brief, either
individually or collectively. Where an appellee fails to file a brief, we do not
develop arguments on that party’s behalf; rather, we may reverse upon a prima-
facie showing of reversible error. Morton v. Ivacic, 898 N.E.2d 1196, 1199 (Ind.
2008). Nevertheless, we are obligated to correctly apply the law to the facts to
determine whether reversal is required. Geico Ins. Co. v. Graham, 14 N.E.3d 854,
857 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).
[18] To obtain an order of protection under the Civil Protection Order Act, the
petitioner must prove the allegations by a preponderance of the evidence. Ind.
2
P.T. also argues at length that the temporary restraining orders, issued because the trial court found that
P.T. committed sex offenses against Ka and Ki, were not supported by sufficient evidence. However, the
propriety of those orders is moot because the permanent protective orders superseded those temporary orders.
See Nordman v. N. Manchester Foundry, Inc., 810 N.E.2d 1071, 1073 n.2 (Ind. Ct. App. 2004) (appellant’s
argument that entry of temporary restraining order was erroneous was moot because the trial court entered a
permanent injunction, which was final judgment and thus superseded the temporary restraining order.).
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Code § 34-26-5-9(f). We will not reweigh the evidence or judge the credibility
of the witnesses. A.S. v. T.H., 920 N.E.2d 803, 806 (Ind. Ct. App. 2010). A
parent may file a petition for protective order on behalf of a child if a person has
committed stalking under Indiana Code section 35-45-10-5. Ind. Code § 34-26-
5-2(b). A person who stalks another person commits stalking, a Level 6
felony.” Ind. Code § 35-45-10-5(a). “Stalking” refers to a “knowing or an
intentional course of conduct involving repeated or continuing harassment of
another person that would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized,
frightened, intimidated, or threatened and that actually causes the victim to feel
terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or threatened.” Ind. Code § 35-45-10-1.
“However, there is no requirement that the contact at issue be threatening on its
face, and stalking may be found where other evidence is sufficient to prove that
the contact amounted to harassment.” Maurer v. Cobb-Maurer, 994 N.E.2d 753,
757-58 (Ind. Ct. App. 2013). “Harassment” is conduct “directed toward a
victim that includes but is not limited to repeated or continuing impermissible
contact that would cause a reasonable person to suffer emotional distress and
that actually causes the victim to suffer emotional distress.” Ind. Code § 35-45-
10-2.
[19] We have found sufficient evidence for a stalking conviction where after the
victim declined the defendant’s lunch invitations, the defendant continued to
send the victim flowers and notes and to telephone the victim, even after she
demanded that he stop. See Garza v. State, 736 N.E.2d 323, 325 (Ind. Ct. App.
2000). We also found sufficient evidence for a stalking conviction where a
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person followed a woman as she shopped from store to store and videotaped
her shopping activities, which made her feel terrorized, frightened, intimidated,
or threatened. Sandleben v. State, 29 N.E.3d 126, 131-32 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015).
[20] Here, P.T. contends that the evidence for stalking was insufficient because Ka
and Ki failed to prove that P.T.’s actions terrorized, frightened, intimidated, or
threatened both girls and that P.T.’s actions would not have that impact on a
reasonable person. In support, P.T. cites evidence that does not support the
judgment. For instance, he mentions the testimony of Tina Howell (“Howell”),
the safety coordinator at LCA, who investigated the incidents and concluded
that P.T. was not bullying Ka and Ki and did not pose a threat to either girl.
Tr. Vol. 2 at 59-66. Howell characterized P.T.’s touching of Ka and Ki as a
mere annoyance. Id. at 66.
[21] We reject P.T.’s request to reweigh the evidence and find that the evidence
sufficiently established that P.T. stalked both Ka and Ki; that is, the evidence
showed that P.T. knowingly or an intentionally engaged in a repeated course of
conduct that would cause a reasonable person to feel terrorized, frightened,
intimidated, or threatened and that actually caused Ka and Ki to feel terrorized,
frightened, intimidated, or threatened. See Ind. Code § 35-45-10-1. We first
observe that the intentional nature of P.T.’s conduct may be inferred from the
conduct itself. Phipps v. State, 90 N.E.3d 1190, 1195-96 (Ind. 2018) (“[I]ntent
can be inferred from a defendant’s conduct and the natural and usual sequence
to which such conduct logically and reasonably points.”). Here, P.T. touched
the girls innumerable times even though they often told him to stop. Tr. Vol. 2
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at 12-17, 21, 28, 30, 34, 36-38, 40. P.T. even admitted that his behavior was
intentional. Id. at 90. It was also reasonable to infer that P.T.’s non-touching
behavior was intentional. See Phipps, 90 N.E.3d at 1095-96. Indeed, this is the
only possible inference to be made from P.T. approaching Ka and Ki from
behind when they were on the diving board and placing his face within inches
of their buttocks. Tr. Vol 2 at 13-15, 37-38. Underscoring the intentional nature
of P.T.’s conduct was that after he touched or bothered Ka or Ki, he often
smirked at them. Id. at 12, 26, 34-35.
[22] The evidence also sufficiently established that P.T.’s behavior frightened,
intimidated, or threatened Ka and Ki. See Ind. Code § 35-34-10-1. Ka testified
that she felt “super uncomfortable” when P.T. swam by her and brushed his
body against her side. Id. at 16. She also testified:
I would stress out before and after practice, because, before
practice I would be stressing; thinking, oh, my goodness, I hope
he’s not there, I hope he’s not gonna’ touch me, and then after
practice, I -- if he had touched me, or came super close to me or
something, then I would get stressed out and start feeling
anxious, and be talking to my mom about it, which I’m glad she
was there for me the whole time. And, it was just so stressful
until the protective order was put up, and then I felt like I could
finally relax, until the past week.
Id. at 21.
[23] P.T. rubbed against Ki’s body approximately forty times. Id. at 36. This made
Ki uncomfortable and scared. Id. at 38. Ki testified that P.T. frightened her
partly because he was taller than her. Id. at 37. Ki felt uncomfortable and
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nervous when P.T. massaged her ear, and she also felt uncomfortable when
P.T. stomped and yelled and thrust his finger close to her face. Id.
[24] Moreover, it was reasonable for Ka and Ki to feel frightened, intimidated, or
threatened by P.T.’s behavior. See Ind. Code § 35-34-10-1. Even though Ka
and Ki warned P.T. countless times to stop touching and harassing them, P.T.
stubbornly persisted in his inappropriate behavior. For young girls like Ka and
Ki, it was reasonable to experience fear and intimidation from P.T.’s constant
groping and his boorish yelling and stomping. P.T.’s effort to categorize his
behavior as merely “annoying” ignores the gravity of his behavior and asks us
to reject the reasonable inferences to be drawn from his behavior and its likely
emotional impact on vulnerable young girls. Thus, sufficient evidence
supported the issuance of permanent protective orders against P.T. and in favor
of both Ka and Ki on the grounds that P.T. stalked each one of them.
[25] Affirmed.
Baker, J., and Crone, J., concur.
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P.T. (minor child), by next friend, Terry Tlustek v. Ka. A.-L. (minor child) and Ki. A.-L. (minor child), by next friend Rachel Leaneagh (mem. dec.)
Combined Opinion