State v. Villar

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 STATE OF CONNECTICUT v. JEFFREY VILLAR
(AC 41503)
Alvord, Devlin and Norcott, Js.

Syllabus

Convicted, after a jury trial, of the crimes of unlawful discharge of a firearm,
carrying a pistol without a permit, risk of injury to a child and reckless
endangerment in the first degree, the defendant appealed to this court.
The defendant’s conviction stemmed from an incident in which he fired
a shot from a pistol into B’s home after having purchased marijuana
from B and fighting with him outside of the home. B’s girlfriend and
her five year old daughter were in the home at the time of the shooting.
At trial, the state called B to testify regarding his account of the incident,
including that the defendant had pulled a pistol from his waistband and
fired a shot into a first floor window of his home. The defendant’s friend
M, who was with the defendant when he purchased the marijuana from
B and witnessed the incident, also provided testimony for the state, the
majority of which corroborated B’s account of the incident. In addition,
M testified that the defendant handed him the pistol as they fled the
scene together following the shooting. The police recovered the pistol
from M when they subsequently apprehended him and the defendant.
The state also presented testimony from forensic examiners who testi-
fied that a bullet and shell casing found at B’s home was fired by the
pistol that was recovered from M and that a buccal swab of the defen-
dant’s DNA linked the defendant to that pistol. Held that the defendant
could not prevail on his claim that there was insufficient evidence for
the jury to find him guilty because the state presented insufficient evi-
dence to prove that he was the shooter: on the basis of compelling
circumstantial evidence elicited from B, M’s eyewitness testimony and
the DNA evidence linking the defendant to the pistol that was used to
fire the bullet into B’s home, the jury reasonably could have concluded
that the defendant was the individual who committed the shooting, and
although the defendant challenged the competency of M as a witness
and noted the self-serving interest of both M and B in testifying on the
state’s behalf, those contentions were based on credibility considera-
tions that were the exclusive province of the jury, which could have
discounted M’s and B’s testimonies if it had found those witnesses to
be unreliable.
Argued October 16—officially released December 17, 2019

Procedural History

Substitute information charging the defendant with
the crimes of unlawful discharge of a firearm, carrying
a pistol without a permit and risk of injury to a child,
and with two counts of the crime of reckless endanger-
ment in the first degree, brought to the Superior Court
in the judicial district of Waterbury and tried to the jury
before Harmon, J.; verdict and judgment of guilty of
unlawful discharge of a firearm, carrying a pistol with-
out a permit, risk of injury to a child and reckless endan-
germent in the first degree, from which the defendant
appealed to this court. Affirmed.
Justine F. Miller, assigned counsel, for the appel-
lant (defendant).
Brett R. Aiello, special deputy assistant state’s attor-
ney, with whom, on the brief, were Maureen Platt,
state’s attorney, and David A. Gulick, senior assistant
state’s attorney, for the appellee (state).
 Opinion

PER CURIAM. The defendant, Jeffrey Villar, appeals
from the judgment of conviction, rendered after a jury
trial, of unlawful discharge of a firearm in violation of
General Statutes § 53-203, carrying a pistol without a
permit in violation of General Statutes § 29-35 (a), reck-
less endangerment in the first degree in violation of
General Statutes § 53a-63 (a), and risk of injury to a
child in violation of General Statutes § 53-21 (a) (1). He
claims that there was insufficient evidence for the jury
to have found him guilty of those crimes because (1)
the state did not present sufficient evidence to prove
that he fired the gunshot at issue and the complainant
had an interest in seeing the defendant convicted, and
(2) the only witness who testified to the defendant’s
firing the shot was a codefendant who had an interest
in seeing the defendant convicted. We conclude that
there was sufficient evidence for the jury to reasonably
find the defendant guilty of the charged crimes and,
therefore, affirm the trial court’s judgment.
The following facts reasonably could have been found
by the jury and are relevant to the resolution of this
appeal. On September 7, 2015, Waterbury police officers
responded to a report of shots being fired on a residen-
tial street in Waterbury. They were advised that three
males were seen leaving the area where the shots were
fired. On their way to the scene, the officers had driven
past three males but did not approach them. When
the officers arrived at the scene, they questioned the
complainant, Nathan Burk, who told them that three
males—two Hispanic males and one white male—had
been at his home, and that he had gotten into a fight
with them. Burk told the officers that one of the individ-
uals drew a gun and fired into his home. The officers
observed a shell casing in Burk’s yard and a small hole
in the screen of Burk’s window.
Subsequently, two officers went in search of the three
males they had passed earlier, who matched Burk’s
description, and eventually apprehended them. The
three males would be later identified as the defendant,
Brandon Medina, and Tommy.1 After the officers appre-
hended him, Medina disclosed that he had a weapon,
and the officers found a firearm in his possession. Burk
subsequently identified the defendant as the individual
with whom he had fought and who had fired a gun into
his home.
At trial, Burk testified to the following facts. On the
date of the incident, he lived in Waterbury with his
girlfriend and her five year old daughter, C.2 At approxi-
mately noon, the defendant contacted Burk to purchase
marijuana. Burk previously had sold marijuana to the
defendant approximately ten times. The defendant
arrived at Burk’s home with two friends, Medina and
Tommy, and all three appeared to be intoxicated. Once
the defendant completed the marijuana transaction, he
asked Burk for a ride to buy a new tire because the car
the defendant was driving had a flat tire. Burk agreed
to give the defendant a ride, but they were ultimately
unsuccessful in purchasing the tire. They then returned
to Burk’s home; while outside, the defendant
approached Burk, showed him a silver pistol, and asked
him if he wanted to buy it, and Burk declined.
Shortly thereafter, the defendant and Tommy got into
an argument, which escalated to the two shoving each
other. This altercation worried Burk, who then called
his sister to see if he could bring C over to her home;
when she agreed, he got C and left the premises. When
he and C returned to the home a few hours later, the
defendant and his friends were not present. At around
7 p.m., however, Burk noticed that they had returned
outside and were even more intoxicated than before.
He went outside and told the defendant that he had
called a friend, Moses,3 to assist with the flat tire. Moses
arrived, but he left soon thereafter to retrieve a tire.
The defendant and his friends then knocked on Burk’s
door and told him that Moses had left with their money.
After a telephone call with Moses, Burk assured the
defendant that Moses was returning.
Later that evening, Burk saw that the defendant and
his friends remained outside with the unrepaired vehi-
cle. He noticed that Tommy was in a neighbor’s yard
and asked the defendant if Tommy was urinating. Burk
then noticed a shift in the defendant’s demeanor. Specif-
ically, the defendant became angry, approached Burk,
and stopped about a foot from his face. Feeling threat-
ened, Burk told the defendant that he was going back
inside his home. As he walked toward his home, the
defendant followed him and attempted to punch him.
Burk responded by punching the defendant, causing
him to stumble backward.
The defendant then reached into his waistband.
Believing that he was about to be shot, Burk ran into
his home, locked the door, and braced it with his body.
Outside Burk’s home, the defendant began yelling and
banging on the door. This prompted Burk to call 911
on his cell phone. The defendant then stepped off Burk’s
porch, pulled a pistol from his waistband, and fired a
shot into Burk’s first floor living room window. Burk
heard the shot while he was on the phone with the 911
operator. Burk’s girlfriend, who was home at the time of
the shooting, saw the defendant and his friends running
away from the scene.
In addition to eliciting compelling circumstantial evi-
dence from Burk, the state also called Medina as an
eyewitness. Medina testified that on the drive over to
Burk’s home, he observed the defendant remove a silver
pistol from his waistband and place it in the glove com-
partment of the car the defendant was driving. A major-
ity of his testimony corroborated Burk’s account of the
incident, particularly his description of the defendant
pulling a gun from his waistband and firing a shot at
Burk’s home. Additionally, Medina testified that once
the shot was fired, he, Tommy, and the defendant ran
down the street, and the defendant handed him the
pistol.
In addition to the testimony of Burk and Medina, the
state also presented DNA evidence linking the defen-
dant to the pistol that was used to fire the bullet into
Burk’s home. A forensic examiner in the firearms unit
of the Division of Scientific Services within the Depart-
ment of Emergency Services and Public Protection tes-
tified that the bullet and casing found at Burk’s home
was fired by the pistol that was recovered from Medina.
Further, a forensic examiner from the Connecticut Sci-
entific Forensic Laboratory testified that a buccal swab
of the defendant’s DNA was compared to three swabs
from the trigger, slide, and magazine of the pistol. With
respect to the results of the DNA profile on the slide,
the expert testified that it was 100 billion times more
likely that the DNA profile originated from the defen-
dant than from an unknown individual.
‘‘In reviewing a sufficiency of the evidence claim, we
apply a two-part test. First, we construe the evidence
in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdict.
Second, we determine whether upon the facts so con-
strued and the inferences reasonably drawn therefrom
the [trier of fact] reasonably could have concluded that
the cumulative force of the evidence established guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt.’’ (Internal quotation marks
omitted.) State v. Morelli, 293 Conn. 147, 151–52, 976
A.2d 678 (2009). This court ‘‘will not reweigh the evi-
dence or resolve questions of credibility in determining
whether the evidence was sufficient.’’ (Internal quota-
tion marks omitted.) State v. Soto, 175 Conn. App. 739,
747, 168 A.3d 605, cert. denied, 327 Conn. 970, 173 A.3d
953 (2017). ‘‘Furthermore, [i]n [our] process of review,
it does not diminish the probative force of the evidence
that it consists, in whole or in part, of evidence that is
circumstantial rather than direct. . . . It is not one fact,
but the cumulative impact of a multitude of facts which
establishes guilt in a case involving substantial circum-
stantial evidence.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.)
State v. Morelli, supra, 152.
The defendant does not contest that the evidence
was sufficient to prove that a shooting occurred. Rather,
he argues that there was insufficient evidence to prove
his identity as the shooter. Among other things, the
defendant challenges the competency of Medina as a
witness4 and notes the self-serving interest in Medina’s
and Burk’s testimonies.5 These challenges, however, are
based on credibility considerations that rest with the
jury. State v. Kendrick, 314 Conn. 212, 223, 100 A.3d
821 (2014) (‘‘[i]t is the exclusive province of the trier
of fact to weigh conflicting testimony and make deter-
minations of credibility, crediting some, all or none of
any given witness’ testimony’’ [internal quotation marks
omitted]). If the jurors had found the witnesses’ testi-
mony unreliable, they could have discounted it. At oral
argument before this court, the defendant argued that
if the jury had indeed discounted the testimony of both
witnesses, finding them not credible, the only remaining
evidence on which the jury could have reached a guilty
verdict would have been circumstantial, which the
defendant contends was not strong enough to ‘‘abso-
lutely identify [the defendant] as the shooter.’’ Circum-
stantial evidence, however, carries the same probative
value as direct evidence. State v. Berthiaume, 171 Conn.
App. 436, 444, 157 A.3d 681, cert. denied, 325 Conn. 926,
169 A.3d 231, cert. denied, U.S. , 138 S. Ct. 403,
199 L. Ed. 2d 296 (2017). Further, as our Supreme Court
has often noted, ‘‘proof beyond a reasonable doubt does
not mean proof beyond all possible doubt . . . nor
does proof beyond a reasonable doubt require accep-
tance of every hypothesis of innocence posed by the
defendant that, had it been found credible by the trier,
would have resulted in an acquittal.’’ (Internal quotation
marks omitted.) State v. Morelli, supra, 293 Conn. 152.
The state did not need to produce evidence to prove
the defendant’s guilt beyond any possible doubt. View-
ing the cumulative effect of the evidence in this case
in the light most favorable to sustaining the verdict, the
jury reasonably could have concluded, on the basis of
the eyewitness and circumstantial evidence, that the
defendant was the individual who committed the
shooting.
The judgment is affirmed.
1
Due to his status as a minor, Tommy was referred to only by his first
name during the trial court proceedings.
2
In accordance with our policy of protecting the privacy interests of the
victims of the crime of risk of injury to a child, we decline to identify the
victim or others through whom the victim’s identity may be ascertained.
See General Statutes § 54-86e.
3
Moses was referred to only by his first name during the trial court pro-
ceedings.
4
The defendant notes that Medina ‘‘had been drinking heavily throughout
the day of the incident. At trial, Medina testified that he did not remember
a number of thing[s] that occurred that day because he ‘was intoxicated
and didn’t have a clear mind.’ ’’
5
The defendant asserts that, as a codefendant, Medina had a self-interest
in testifying against the defendant to avoid prosecution himself for the
shooting or to receive consideration for his own charge of possession of a
firearm. He also suggests that Burk may have been motivated to accuse the
defendant due to fear of possible assault charges for hitting the defendant.