NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-0062-18T2
STATE OF NEW JERSEY,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
VAN E. HUNTER,
Defendant-Appellant.
_________________________
Submitted November 7, 2019 – Decided January 3, 2020
Before Judge Koblitz and Whipple.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Gloucester County, Indictment No. 12-03-
0320.
Joseph E. Krakora, Public Defender, attorney for
appellant (Karen A. Lodeserto, Designated Counsel, on
the brief).
Charles A. Fiore, Gloucester County Prosecutor,
attorney for respondent (Dana R. Anton, Senior
Assistant Prosecutor, on the brief).
Appellant filed a pro se supplemental brief.
PER CURIAM
Defendant appeals the July 17, 2018 order denying his petition for post -
conviction relief (PCR) without an evidentiary hearing. We affirm.
On June 29, 2012, defendant pled guilty to an amended charge of third-
degree aggravated assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:12-1(b)(7). In accordance with the plea
agreement, on August 24, 2012, defendant was sentenced to a 365-day flat
sentence which resulted in the dismissal of four other charges, including a
charge of second-degree sexual assault, N.J.S.A. 2C:14-2(c)(4).
In December 2015, defendant was charged in two separate indictments
with robbery. He applied to drug court, but his application was denied because
of his prior aggravated assault conviction.
Defendant filed a timely petition for PCR asserting he was denied
effective assistance from his trial counsel because she did not advise him that
by entering the guilty plea to aggravated assault, he would be automatically
barred from entry into drug court if he committed crimes in the future.
Defendant argued that had he known his conviction would have prevented drug
court admission he would not have pled guilty. This lack of information, he
asserted, is prima facie evidence of ineffective assistance of counsel and he is
A-0062-18T2
2
entitled to a hearing to address the merits of his petition. His petition was denied
without a hearing. This appeal followed.
On appeal defendant argues:
POINT ONE
THE PCR COURT ERRED IN DENYING
DEFENDANT AN EVIDENTIARY HEARING
BECAUSE TESTIMONY IS NEEDED REGARDING
THE SUBSTANCE OF THE LEGAL ADVICE PLEA
COUNSEL PROVIDED TO DEFENDANT
REGARDING THE LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES
OF HIS GUILTY PLEA AND HOW IT WOULD
IMPACT HIS FUTURE INTO THE DRUG COURT
PROGRAM.
Claims of ineffective assistance of counsel are governed by the standards
set forth in Strickland v. Washington.1 See State v. Fritz, 105 N.J. 42, 58 (1987)
(adopting the Strickland standard in New Jersey). For a defendant to establish
a prima facie case of ineffective assistance of counsel under Strickland, the
defendant must show that defense "counsel's performance was deficient," and
that "there exists 'a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional
errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.'" State v.
Preciose, 129 N.J. 451, 463-64 (1992) (quoting Strickland v. Washington, 466
U.S. 668, 694 (1984)); see also State v. Allegro, 193 N.J. 352, 366 (2008).
1
Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984).
A-0062-18T2
3
"'The first prong of the [Strickland] test is satisfied by a showing that
counsel's acts or omissions fell outside the wide range of professionally
competent assistance considered in light of all the circumstances of the case.'"
Allegro, 193 N.J. at 366 (quoting State v. Castagna, 187 N.J. 293, 314 (2006)).
To prove the second prong of Strickland, a defendant must prove "'that there is
a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result
of the proceeding would have been different.'" Id. at 367 (quoting State v.
Loftin, 191 N.J. 172, 198 (2007)). The second prong is "an exacting standard:
'[t]he error committed must be so serious as to undermine the court's confidence
in the jury's verdict or the result reached.'" Ibid. (quoting Castagna, 187 N.J. at
315).
Applying this standard, we reject defendant's arguments. First, we
recognize a defendant needs to be informed of certain consequences as a result
of the entry of a plea. In State v. Heitzman, 107 N.J. 603, 604 (1987), our Supreme
Court held that a "defendant need be informed only of the penal consequences of his
plea and not the collateral consequences . . . ." In State v. Bellamy, 178 N.J. 127,
138-39 (2003) (quoting Heitzman, 107 N.J. at 606 (Wilentz, C.J., dissenting)),
the court approved of Chief Justice Wilentz's observation in Heitzman, whether
a defendant should be advised of "'certain consequences of a guilty plea should
A-0062-18T2
4
not depend on ill-defined and irrelevant characterizations of those
consequences.'" In State v. Nunez-Valdez, 200 N.J. 129, 138 (2009), the court
noted we treat deportation similar to a penal consequence that requires notice to
defendant. All of these cases are strung together by one common thread, they
are all concerned with the consequences of the underlying conviction.
We find no support for the proposition that a defendant must be advised
of the potential consequences of future criminal activity. Whether one will be
foreclosed from a potential diversionary program in the event of a future crime is far
different from being exposed to additional loss of liberty or rights as a result of a
crime already committed. Holding otherwise would add to a counsel's duties an
obligation to advise on a plethora of consequences which have no logical stopping
point.
Second, to invalidate a guilty plea based on ineffective assistance of counsel,
a defendant must demonstrate "that 'that there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel's errors, [the defendant] would not have pled guilty and would have
insisted on going to trial.'" State v. DiFrisco, 137 N.J. 434, 457 (1994) (citations
omitted) (alteration in original).
We agree with the PCR judge that because defendant was otherwise facing
a trial on four additional charges including a second-degree charge that would
A-0062-18T2
5
have exposed him to a much more serious sentence, it was unlikely the drug
court knowledge would have prevented him from entering the plea.
Affirmed.
A-0062-18T2
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STATE OF NEW JERSEY VS. VAN E. HUNTER (12-03-0320, GLOUCESTER COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)
Combined Opinion