IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
MICHAEL BUICH,
No. 78931-7-I
Appellant,
DIVISION ONE
V.
UNPUBLISHED OPINION
TADICH GRILL DEVELOPMENT
COMPANY, LLC, a Washington limited
liability company,
Respondent. FILED: January 6, 2020
APPELWICK, C.J. — The trial court vacated a default judgment obtained by
Buich against TGDC and awarded attorney fees to TGDC. Buich argues the trial
court abused its discretion. We affirm.
FACTS
Michael Buich is the owner of Tadich Grill Inc. (TGI), which owns and
operates the Tadich Grill, a restaurant in San Francisco. The Buich family has
owned Tadich Grill since the late 1 920s. Gerard Centioli is the president and chief
executive officer of ICON Inc. and the president of lCONcepts LLC, the majority
stakeholder of Tadich Grill Development Company LLC (TGDC). TGDC was
formed in 2009 by lCONcepts and Buich to market TGI in additional cities.
Since TGDC’s founding, the company opened only one new restaurant.
That restaurant opened in Washington, D.C., in 2015. It filed for bankruptcy in
January 2018. The restaurant’s failure was due in part to negative publicity from
No. 78931-7-1/2
a Washington Post article concerning unseemly allegations regarding the Buich
family. The parties disagreed on how to respond to the article, and their
relationship has since deteriorated considerably. Between May 14 and 24, 2018,
Buich filed two lawsuits and a cross complaint against TGDC in three different
forums. Those forums included a California state court, the United States District
Court for the Northern District of California, and this action in Washington state
court. Buich and TGI are represented in the California actions by William Frimel.
Buich is represented in the Seattle action by Jeffery Bilanko.
On March 18, 2018, Buich sent a letter to Centioli through his Seattle
attorney, Bilanko, indicating his desire to dissolve TGDC. Centioli responded that
he had retained counsel in connection with the matter and would forward the
correspondence for their review. Buich filed the dissolution action in King County
Superior Court on May 24. Centioli was personally served in that action on the
same day.
On June 1, Buich scheduled a hearing for a motion for summary judgment
in the dissolution matter. Buich attempted to personally serve Centioli notice of
the motion the same day, but was unsuccessful.
Centioli is represented by Perkins Coie LLP. Davis Wright Tremaine LLP
(DWT) was retained to represent TGDC after Perkins Coie determined it should
not also represent TGDC. DWT obtained and reviewed papers associated with
the three actions on June 8, 2018 and commenced work for TGDC the same day.
Due to an apparent oversight in the transition of TGDC’s defense to DWT, DWT
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No. 78931-7-1/3
never received proof of service associated with the May 24, 2018 service of
Centioli in the Washington dissolution action.
Later on June 8, John Freed, an attorney at DWT, left a voice mail for
Buich’s California attorney, William Frimel, representing that he had been retained
to defend TGDC in the California cases. Freed then sent an e-mail to Frimel again
indicating that DWT had been retained to defend TGDC. In his e-mail, Freed
indicated that he was unsure whether TGDC had been served. Freed also copied
Will Rava, an attorney at Perkins Coie, who was representing the remaining
defendants in the California actions. Subsequent to this e-mail, Freed, Frimel, and
Rava had a phone conference. During the conference, Buich’s California attorney,
Frimel, represented that Centioli was avoiding service. Frimel now claims that it
was clear that he was referring to service of process when referring to the
California cases, and to service of notice of the summary judgment hearing when
referring to the Washington case. TGDC’s attorney now claims that the
conversation was in regards to service generally, and that he was led to believe
that TGDC had not been served in the Washington dissolution action at all. In an
e-mail later that day, Buich’s California attorneys wrote: “Please confirm that Davis
Wright Tremaine will accept service on behalf of TGDC of the latest papers counsel
in the dissolution action is trying to serve. I have attached acceptance of service
forms [for the California cases] . . . and will ask dissolution counsel to forward the
same for the dissolution matter.” DWT did not respond to this e-mail.
On June 19, Buich’s Washington attorney filed a motion for default without
notice to TGDC. He included a declaration that TGDC had not answered the
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No. 78931-7-114
complaint or otherwise appeared in the action. Buich’s motion did not disclose any
of the prior communications between Buich’s California attorney and DWT. The
court granted the motion the next day. Buich’s Washington attorney then moved
for an entry of default judgment on June 22. The motion was denied because it
did not include evidence regarding any matter set forth in the motion, including
service.
At 5:20 p.m. on June 25, TGDC’s attorneys e-mailed Buich’s Washington
attorney to inquire about whether TDGC had been served in the dissolution action.
Also on June 25, Buich’s Washington attorney claimed he filed another motion for
entry of default judgment. He admits that this motion was filed after the 5:20 p.m.
e-mail from TGDC, but assert he had not known of the TGDC e-mail at that time.
Court records indicate that the motion was filed on June 26 at 9:00 am. The
motion asserted that TGDC “failed to file its answer, a notice of appearance, or
provide a defense in this matter.” The motion and supporting declaration contain
no reference to the previous California communications, or the e-mail that Buich’s
attorney had received the previous day. The court granted the motion at 9:10 am.
on June 26.
At 4:30 p.m. on June 26, Buich’s attorney responded to TGDC’s service
inquiry with the summons, complaint, and declaration of service of the complaint,
and said that default judgment had been entered. TGDC’s attorney responded by
requesting that Buich stipulate to vacate the default judgment. Buich’s attorney
responded by asking for a detailed explanation of TGDC’s basis to defend the
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No. 78931-7-1/5
dissolution action on the merits. TGDC’s attorney provided a written summary of
their defenses at 9:27 p.m. on July 2.
On July 3, without responding to TGDC’s request for stipulation, Buich’s
attorney filed dissolution papers for TGDC with the Washington Secretary of State
based on the default judgment. Later that day, Buich’s California attorney filed a
motion in the federal action claiming TGDC had been dissolved.
On July 9, TGDC’s attorney sent a letter to Buich’s Washington attorney,
again requesting that he stipulate to vacate the judgment. He indicated that if
Buich refused, he would pursue a motion to that effect and make a complaint to
the Washington State Bar Association for professional misconduct. Buich’s
attorney responded that he would not stipulate to vacating the judgment.
On July 24, TGDC moved to vacate the default judgment. The trial court
found that TGDC had made an informal appearance, rendering the default
judgment void for lack of notice. The trial court also found the judgment could be
set aside due to misrepresentation and misconduct by Buich’s attorneys, or due to
excusable neglect by DWT. The court granted the motion to vacate, ordered Buich
to revoke the dissolution of TGDC, and awarded TGDC $49,466 in attorney fees.
Buich appeals.
DISCUSSION
The appellant makes four arguments. First, he contends that TGDC made
no informal appearance in the case, and therefore was not entitled to notice of the
motion for default under CR 55(a)(3). Second, he contends that TGDC is not
entitled to relief from default under CR 60(b)(1), because TGDC’s failure to appear
5
No. 78931-7-1/6
was not due to excusable neglect and it has not established a prima facie defense
to dissolution. Third, he contends that there was no fraud, misrepresentation, or
misconduct by his attorney that would justify vacating the default judgment under
CR 60(b)(4). Last, he contends that the trial court erred in awarding TGDC
attorney fees. In the alternative, he contends that DWT’s hours expended and
hourly rates were unreasonable.
The trial court’s findings of fact are viewed for substantial evidence.
Blackburn v. Dep’t of Soc. & Health Servs., 186 Wn.2d 250, 256, 375 P.3d. 1076
(2016). Substantial evidence is evidence sufficient to persuade a rational, fair-
minded person of the truth of the finding. ki. This court reviews questions of
whether an appearance has been established as a matter of law de novo when the
facts are not in dispute. Meade v. Nelson, 174 Wn. App. 740, 750, 300 P.3d 828,
833 (2013). This court otherwise reviews a trial court’s decision to set aside a
default judgment for abuse of discretion. Trinity Universal Ins. Co. of Kan. V. Ohio
Cas. Ins. Co., 176 Wn. App. 185, 195, 312 P.3d 976 (2013). Vacation of default
judgment is equitable in nature, and the trial court has discretion to do justice
between the parties. See Hous. Auth. of Grant County v. Newbiciginq, 105 Wn.
App. 178, 185, 192, 19 P.3d 1081 (2001). Therefore, this court should review a
trial court’s decision to award attorney fees for motion to vacate an order for default
judgment for abuse of discretion. 14. (“The decision to impose terms as a condition
on an order setting aside a judgment lies within the discretion of the court.”
(quoting Knapr v. SL. Savidcie, Inc., 32 Wn. App. 754, 756, 649 P.2d 175 (1982)).
This court also reviews whether the amount of attorney fees is reasonable under
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No. 78931-7-1/7
an abuse of discretion standard. Taliesen Corp. v. Razore Land Co., 135Wn. App.
106, 141, 144 P.3d 1185 (2006).
I. Vacation of Default Judgment
A. CR 60(b)(5): Void for Lack of Notice
The trial court found that TGDC had made an informal appearance in the
matter based on the e-mail and telephonic communications that occurred before
the entry of default judgment. Based on this finding, TGDC was entitled to notice
before a default could be taken. Since notice had not been given, the trial court
concluded under CR 60(b)(5) that the default and default judgment were void for
lack of notice. The facts are not in dispute, only the import of those facts.
Under CR 55(a)(3), a party is entitled to notice of a motion for default if they
have appeared for any purpose. The appearance requirement may be satisfied
informally through the doctrine of substantial compliance. Morin v. Burns, 160
Wn.2d 745, 749, 161 P.3d 956 (2007). To determine if a party has substantially
complied, the court examines the defendant’s relevant conduct after litigation has
commenced to determine if it was designed to, and, in fact, did apprise the plaintiff
of the defendant’s intent to litigate the case. k1. at 755. Mere intent to defend,
whether shown before or after a case is filed, is not enough. Id. at 756. “[T]he
defendant must go beyond merely acknowledging that a dispute exists and instead
acknowledge that a dispute exists in court.” k1.
1. No Informal Appearance June 8
Here, TGDC is involved in three separate lawsuits: an action in federal
district court in the District of Northern California, a California state action and this
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No. 78931-7-1/8
Washington dissolution action. DWT was retained to represent TGDC after
Perkins Cole determined it should not also represent TGDC in these actions,
presumably because they represented Centioli personally. DWT had received a
copy of the Washington pleadings, but had not received proof of service.
DWT’s only contact after the Washington litigation had commenced and
before the motion for default was on June 8. The initial e-mail to William Frimel
stated:
Hi Bill,
I’m writing to follow up on the voicemail [sic] I just left you regarding
the Tadich Grill action in the Northern District. Davis Wright
Tremaine was retained yesterday to represent Tadich Grill
Development Company, LLC. We are not sure whether Plaintiff has
served TGDC, but we understand it served other Defendants at
various times in recent days. Regardless, we could use a bit of time
to get up to speed on this complex matter, and would appreciate it if
you would grant us a short extension of time to respond to the
Complaint. To the extent you haven’t served TGDC, we would be
happy to accept service to move things along.
I’ve copied Will Rava from Perkins Cole, who is representing the
remaining Defendants. We propose agreeing to a uniform deadline
next month for all Defendants to respond to the Complaint. Is this
concept acceptable to Plaintiff? If so, we propose a collective July
13 deadline. Please let us know. If you are agreeable, I’ll prepare
and circulate a stipulation to all parties early next week.
Looking forward to working with you.
Thank you.
Jake Freed
This e-mail was followed by the telephone conference between DWT
attorney Jake Freed, Buich’s California attorney William Frimel, and Will Rava,
8
No. 78931-7-1/9
from Perkins Coie. The declarations of counsel describe the content of that call.
According to Jake Freed:
On June 8, 2018, I called William Frimel, counsel for Plaintiff Tadich
Grill, Inc. (“Tadich”) to ask whether Tadich had served TGDC in a
related action in the Northern District of California (“Federal Action”),
and to obtain an extension of time for TGDC to respond to the
Federal Action complaint. After assuring me that he had served
TGDC, without explaining how he did so, Mr. Frimel refused to grant
the routine professional courtesy of an extension unless DWT, which
does not represent Gerard Centioli, could find someone to accept
service of the Complaint on Mr. Centioli’s behalf. Mr. Frimel accused
Mr. Centioli of “avoiding service” through acts such as “hiding at his
girlfriend’s,” although Mr. Frimel provided no factual supportforthese
accusations. Contrary to Mr. Frimel’s representations regarding Mr.
Centioli’s supposed avoidance of service, attorneys representing
Tadich’s principal (and Mr. Frimel’s other client) Michael Buich, had,
on May 24, 2018, personally served Mr. Centioli with the complaint
in this parallel dissolution action against TGDC in King County. On
information and belief, Mr. Frimel was aware of this May 24 personal
service on Mr. Centioli, such that his representations about Mr.
Centioli avoiding personal service were incomplete and materially
misleading.
According to William Frimel:
Subsequently on June 8, 2018, Mr. Freed, Mr. Rava, and I had a
phone conversation, during which, I informed Mr. Freed that Gerard
Centioli appeared to be avoiding service of the complaints in both
California actions. I also informed Mr. Freed that Mr. Centioli
appeared to be avoiding service of the notice of summary judgment
hearing date in the Washington dissolution action. I specifically
stated that the dissolution action was pending. I never told or implied
to Mr. Freed that TGDC had not been served with the compliant in
the Washington dissolution action. At no point during this phone
conference did Mr. Freed ever request any information about the
Washington Dissolution Action. Nor did Mr. Freed ever state or
otherwise indicate that Davis Wright Tremaine (“DWT”) represented
TGDC in the Washington action or that anyone at DWT was
appearing for TGDC in the Washington action. In fact, Mr. Freed did
not acknowledge the Washington action at all.
(Boldface omitted.) The exchange concluded with these e-mails:
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No. 78931-7-1/10
Bill-
Perkins Coie confirms it will accept service on behalf of Gerard
Centioli in exchange for Defendants’ collective deadline to respond
to the federal complaint being extended to July 13. Please send Will
Rava any acceptance of service forms.
If this is acceptable to you, I will prepare a stipulation under Local
Rule 6-1 for a self-executing extension, and will circulate it on
Monday. Since you are going to be in Hawaii, do you have a
colleague who can provide e-filing consent on behalf of Plaintiff?
Thank you.
J a ke
{. . . .1
J a ke,
ICON, ICONcepts and TGDC’s responses are currently due June 19. An
additional month does not seem reasonable given the daily harm that is
occurring. Please explain the thought process for such a long extension
Bill
[. . .
Bill,
As I mentioned we were retained yesterday and are asking for some
professional courtesy so we have time to get up to speed on what is
a complex multi-forum matter with significant history. We are
unaware of any daily harm, or of any attempt by Plaintiff to seek
emergency injunctive relief to address such harm.
That said, we can meet you in the middle and file responses on June
29. Is this acceptable?
Thanks.
Jake
[. . .
10
No. 78931-7-I/Il
Jake and Will,
We will agree to responses by ICON, lCONcepts, TGDC and Gerard
on or before June 29 in exchange for Perkins Coie accepting service
on behalf of Gerard of (1) the Second Amended Cross-Complaint in
the San Francisco Superior Court matter, and (2) the Complaint in
the trademark matter. Please confirm that Davis Wright will accept
service on behalf of TGDC of the latest papers counsel in the
dissolution action is trying to serve.
I have attached the acceptance of service forms for items (1) and (2)
above and will ask dissolution counsel to forward the same for the
dissolution matter.
Please forward the proposed stipulation and the executed
acceptances of service.
Thank you.
Bill Frimel
DWT did not represent in the e-mails or during the phone conference an
intent appear and defend in the Washington action. The focus was on the
California actions. When the last e-mail asked if DWT would accept service of
papers in the Washington action, DWT did not respond. The acceptance of service
forms were not forwarded to them.
Substantial evidence does not support the trial court’s finding that during
this exchange DWT had referenced the dissolution action pending in Washington.
TGDC did not informally appear in this action on June 8.
2. Informal Appearance June 25
TGDC made an informal appearance via the June 25 e-mail to Buich’s
Washington counsel. The e-mail was received after the default was taken, but
before the court accepted the second motion for default judgment for filing and
before the judgment was entered. The June 25 e-mail acknowledges the
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No. 78931-7-1112
dissolution action and TGDC’s intent to litigate through the statement ‘please send
us proof of service, so that we can that we can get the case, including our deadline
to respond to the complaint, calendared appropriately.” (Emphasis added.)
However, this appearance still would not entitle TGDC to notice of the motion for
entry of default judgment. CR 55(a)(3), which governs motions for entry of default,
contains a provision requiring notice if a party has appeared. CR 55(b), which
governs motions for entry of default judgment, does not contain a similar provision.
Morin is instructive here on the notice requirements of default judgment
proceedings. 160 Wn. 2d at 748. In one of the consolidated cases, Gutz, the
defendant’s representatives made several contacts prior to the motion for default
judgment that the court determined were more appropriately analyzed for
inequitable conduct by plaintiff’s counsel. See ki. at 751, 758 (remanded for
consideration of whether attorney’s conduct warranted relief under White v. HoIm,
73 Wn.2d 348, 352, 438 P.2d 581 (1968), or CR 60(b)(1) or (4)). After the
defendant’s motion to vacate the default order was denied, the plaintiff moved for
an entry of default judgment. j~ at 751-52. Notwithstanding the fact that the
defendant had appeared in court to contest the default, the plaintiff moved for an
entry of default judgment without notifying the defendant. j4~. at 752. The trial court
granted the motion for entry of default judgment without notice. jç~ The
Washington Supreme Court declined to void that order for lack of notice, and
instead remanded for consideration on whether the default should be vacated
under CR 60(b)(1) and 60(b)(4). ki. at 758. Under Morin, the June 25 e-mail did
not entitle TGDC to notice of the motion for entry of default judgment.
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No. 78931-7-1/13
The trial court erred in vacating the default and default judgment under CR
60(b)(5).
B. CR 60(b)(4): Fraud, Misreiresentation or Misconduct
The trial court also found that the default judgment could be vacated based
on 60(b)(4). CR 60(b)(4) allows the court to set aside an entry of default judgment
based on fraud, misrepresentation, or other misconduct of an adverse party. “[FJor
more than a century, it has been the policy of [the Washington Supreme Court] to
set aside default judgments liberally.” Morin, 160 Wn.2d at 754.
The trial court found that Buich’s attorneys “acted in a manner that misled
DWT into believing that TGDC had not been served,” and that Buich’s attorneys
would be forwarding forms to accept service. This finding is supported by
substantial evidence. TGDC’s attorneys claim Buich’s California attorneys
represented that Centioli was “avoiding service” without disclosing that Centioli had
been served in the dissolution action. Buich’s California attorney, however,
claimed that he stated specifically that Centioli was avoiding service for the notice
of summary judgment, rather than service of process. Buich’s attorneys later on
June 8, asked DWT to confirm that they would accept service for “the latest papers
counsel in the dissolution action is trying to serve.” The trial court knew that DVVT
did not know prior to the phone conversation that Centioli had been served with a
summons and complaint in that action. Buich’s California counsel of course knew
service of process had been completed and knew that DVVT was confused about
whether service of process had been completed. Viewing the respective versions
counsel presented of the phone conversation and the subsequent e-mails, the trial
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No. 78931-7-1/14
court was entitled, as the finder of fact, to conclude that the DWT version of the
conversation was correct. Morse v. Antonellis, 144 Wn.2d 572, 574, 70 P.3d 125
(2003) (Credibility determinations are soley for the trier of fact and cannot be
reviewed on appeal.). In that version, Buich’s statement that ‘Centioli was avoiding
service of process” was not qualified by clarification of what was to be served. This
omission reasonably led DWT to conclude Centioli was avoiding service of original
process to commence the Washington action. The finding that DWT had been
misled is supported by substantial evidence.
For purposes of CR 60(b)(4), it is immaterial whether a misrepresentation
is innocent or willful. Peoples State Bank v. Hickey, 55 Wn. App. 367, 371, 777
P.2d 1056 (1989) (“It is immaterial whether the misrepresentation was innocent
and willful. The effect is the same whether the misrepresentation was innocent,
the result of carelessness, or deliberate.”). Here, there was misrepresentation by
omission of material fact which misled DWT into not appearing in the action.
The trial court did not err in vacating the default judgment under CR
60(b)(4).
C. CR 60(b)(1): Mistake or Excusable Neglect
Four factors must be shown to vacate a default judgment under CR
60(b)(1): (1) Substantial evidence supports a prima facie defense; (2) failure to
respond was due to mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (3) the
defendant acted with due diligence after notice of the default judgment; and (4)the
plaintiff will not suffer substantial hardship if the default judgment is vacated. Little
v. King, 160 Wn. 2d. 696, 703-04, 161 P.3d. 345 (2007). Application of the four
14
No. 78931-7-1/15
part test is not mechanical. VanderStoep v. Guthrie, 200 Wn. App. 507, 517, 402
P.3d 883 (2017), review denied, 189 Wn.2d 1041, 409 P.3d (2018). The primary
concern is whether justice is being done. ~ This court must determine what is
“just and equitable” based on the specific facts of each case, not based on a fixed
rule. ki. at 517-1 8. We review the trial court’s decision to vacate a default
judgment for abuse of discretion. Trinity, 176 Wn. App. 195.
TGDC has presented a prima facie defense to dissolution. In reviewing the
prima facie case, the court views the evidence and reasonable inferences in the
light most favorable to the defendant. VanderStoep, 200 Wn. App. at 519-20. The
defendant’s argument does not have to be particularly strong or conclusive. ki. at
520. Buich’s argument for dissolution is that it is no longer reasonably practicable
for TGDC to carry on its activities.1 Buich points out that TGDC is not actively
developing new restaurants, and that Buich himself will never consent to the
opening of another restaurant. TGDC’s defense is that the parties are not actively
developing restaurants because Buich and TGDC are engaged in litigation to
determine their rights under the operating agreement. It points out that TGDC
continues to operate the Tadich Grill website and facilitates the sale of Tadich Grill
I Buich points out that RCW 25.15.274 does not define “reasonably
practicable,” and that there are no published Washington cases defining its
meaning. So, he cites various statutes and authorities from other jurisdictions in
support of his definition: that it is not “reasonably practicable” for limited liability
company to carry on its activities if (1) the member’s and/or managers are unable
to work together to achieve the company’s purpose and/or (2) where the entity is
financially unstable. Buich’s arguments are more appropriately addressed at trial
than at this preliminary stage. As noted above, the application of the test is not
mechanical, but rather is guided by principles of equity. VanderStoep, 200 Wn.
App at 517. Our primary inquiry is whether justice is being done. ki.
15
No. 78931-7-1/16
gift cards. It also relies on TGDC’s valuable assets, including a right of first refusal
to purchase the Tadich Grill, a license agreement from Tadich Grill, and the
Washington, D.C. Tadich Grill project.
Buich contends these claims are merely “conclusory,” and that TGDC hasn’t
provided enough detail for how it will continue to operate. The parties are currently
litigating the veracity of these claims in other forums.
Questions of fact need to be resolved at a minimum under either parties’
arguments. At this early stage, equity is best served by allowing litigation of these
claims to continue on the merits. The evidence is sufficient to support finding
TGDC has met its burden of presenting a prima facie case.
The trial court concluded that TGDC’s delay in responding was due to
excusable neglect. The neglect was precipitated by statements and conduct that
misled DWT into believing that Centioli had not been served in the action. And, as
evidenced by the June 25 e-mail, DV’JT was still under the impression that service
had not occurred in the Washington action. This evidence is sufficient to support
a conclusion of excusable neglect.
DWT was in communication with Buich’s Washington attorney while Buich
sought entry of default judgment. DVVT immediately engaged in negotiations to
vacate the default upon learning of its entry. DWT filed a motion to vacate the
default judgment on July 18, just one week after Buich’s attorneys declined to
stipulate to vacate the default judgment. This evidence is also supported by the
fact that TGDC was diligent in seeking relief from default.
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No. 78931-7-1/17
Last, Buich did not assert to the trial court that he would suffer undue
hardship if the default was vacated.
The record contains sufficient evidence of the necessary factors to warrant
vacating the default judgment under CR 60(b)(1). The trial court did not abuse its
discretion by doing so.
CR 55(c) allows the court to set aside a default “for good cause shown and
upon such terms as the court deems just.” CR 55(c)(1). The trial court had
properly vacated the default judgment. The underlying acts that misled DWT into
not appearing and defending that supported vacating the judgment also provide
an equitable basis for the trial court to vacate the order of default. The trial court
did not abuse its discretion by also vacating the order of default based on DWT’s
excusable neglect.
We affirm the vacation of the default judgment and order of default.
II. Attorney Fees
BuTch contends that the trial court erred in awarding attorney fees to TGDC.
Alternatively, he contends that that the award was not reasonable because both
the hours worked and the rates charged were unreasonable. Respondent argues
that the trial court’s award was equitable and reasonable, and that it is entitled to
further attorney fees on appeal. We affirm the trial court’s award of attorney fees
and award TGDC attorney fees for this appeal.
A. Attorney Fees Below
Vacation of default judgment is equitable in nature and the trial court has
discretion to do justice between the parties. Hous. Auth., 105 Wn. App. at 192.
17
No. 78931-7-1118
This court should therefore review a trial courts decision to award attorney fees
for abuse of discretion. ki. (“The decision to impose terms as a condition on an
order setting aside a judgment lies within the discretion of the court.’ (quoting
Knapp, 32 Wn. App. at 756)). This court reviews whether the amount of attorney
fees is reasonable under an abuse of discretion standard. Taliesen, 135 Wn. App.
at 141.
The trial court found multiple grounds upon which TGDC was entitled to
vacation of the default judgment. The court also found that Buich’s counsel failed
to inform the court of relevant communications between the parties. Based in part
on this behavior, TGDC sought CR 11 sanctions against Buich’s attorneys. The
trial court instead found that justice between the parties was best served by
awarding reasonable attorney fees to TGDC. Where the court has vacated a
default judgment, and in equity vacated a default order, it is not unreasonable to
award fees necessarily incurred in obtaining that order. The trial court did not
abuse its discretion in determining that an award of attorney fees was warranted.
We also find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in determining
the reasonableness of DVVT’s hours and rates. Washington courts use the
lodestar method to compute attorney fees. Henninqsen v. Worldcom, Inc., 102
Wn. App 828, 847, 9 P.3d 948 (2000). The lodestar is first determined by
multiplying the reasonable number of hours worked by the reasonable hourly rate.
ki. The lodestar is presumed to be the reasonable fee, but trial court then has
discretion to adjust the lodestar upward or downward in rare instances. ki. Courts
must take an active role in assessing the reasonableness of fee awards. Berryman
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No. 78931-7-1/19
v. Metcalf, 177 Wn. App. 644, 657, 312 P.3d 745 (2013). In this case, all the hours
awarded to DWT were spent negotiating to stipulate vacation and on subsequent
motions practice. In determining the reasonableness of the reward, the court
considered the conduct of Buich’s attorneys and their refusal to stipulate to the
vacation. Such consideration was within the trial court’s discretion.
Buich provided detailed objections to a number of DWT’s billing entries that
he considered duplicative.2 DWT responded to these concerns by voluntarily
reducing their request by $1 0,325.00. The court indicated it had found other hours
unreasonable, as evidenced by its edits to the proposed order, and further reduced
the amount it awarded by roughly another $9,000. The trial court therefore took
an active role in determining the reasonableness of DWT’s hours worked.
The finding that the rates charged were reasonable was also within the trial
court’s discretion. DWT billed its client for hours worked by attorneys in San
Francisco and Seattle at their standard rates. Where attorneys have an
established rate for billing clients, that rate will likely be the reasonable rate.
Bowers v. Transamerica Title Ins. Co., 100 Wn.2d 581, 597, 675 P.2d 193 (1983).
2 Buich cites Berryman, 177 Wn. App. at 659, and Mayer v. City of Seattle,
102 Wn. App 66, 82-83, 10 P.3d 408 (2000) to support the proposition that a trial
court’s failure to address each challenged time entry warrants reversal. Those
cases are inapposite because each case involved special circumstances that
warranted more thorough review. Mayer required the court to segregate fees
associated with multiple claims and consider the contingent nature of
representation. 102 Wn. App at 80-83. Berryman involved a fee that was grossly
disproportionate to the amount in controversy. Berryman, 177 Wn. App at 661.
These cases do not stand for the proposition that the trial court must prepare
detailed findings in response to every challenged time entry of the fee award.
Rather, the proper test is whether the trial court took an active role in assessing
the reasonableness of the fee award. kI. at 657.
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Buich argues that it was unreasonable for DWT to have California attorneys work
on a Washington motion. TGDC counters that it charged the standard rate for
each attorney who worked on the case. TGDC further argues that the work that
San Francisco attorneys performed was necessary because they were primarily
responsible for this multi-forum dispute, and were therefore most familiar with the
facts and procedural history of this case. Buich cites no authority to support the
proposition that an out-of-state attorney’s rate for work reasonably necessary in
connection with a Washington motion must be found unreasonable if greater than
local rates. “Where no authorities are cited in support of a proposition, the court is
not required to search out authorities, but may assume that counsel, after diligent
search, has found none.” DeHeer v. Seattle Post-Intelliqencer, 60 Wn.2d 122,
126, 372 P.2d 193 (1962). The trial court did not abuse its discretion in allowing
these attorneys to charge their standard rates for their work.
We affirm the trial court’s award of attorney fees was reasonable.
B. Attorney Fees on Appeal
TGDC argues that it should be entitled to attorney fees because it prevailed
below and on appeal, and because the appeal is so frivolous as to warrant
sanctions under RAP 18.9(a). ‘[W]here a prevailing party is entitled to attorney
fees below, they are entitled to attorney fees if they prevail on appeal.” Sharbono
v. Universal Underwriters Ins. Co., 139 Wn. App. 383, 423, 161 P.3d 406 (2007).
The appeal is not frivolous. The attorney fees awarded below were discretionary,
not an entitlement which carries over on appeal. Though we disagree with the trial
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court in some of its findings, we affirm its conclusions and order. Therefore, we
exercise our discretion to award TGDC attorney fees on appeal.
We affirm.
WE CONCUR:
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