Missouri Court of Appeals
Southern District
Division One
FRANK PETER RENICK, JR., )
)
Appellant, )
)
vs. ) No. SD36140
)
STATE OF MISSOURI, ) FILED: January 23, 2020
)
Respondent. )
APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CAMDEN COUNTY
Honorable Peggy D. Richardson, Judge
AFFIRMED.
Frank Peter Renick, Jr. (“Movant”) was charged with one count of statutory sodomy in
the first degree (count 1) and two counts of child molestation in the first degree (counts 2 and 3).
See sections 566.062 & 566.067. 1 In accordance with a plea agreement to dismiss count 1,
Movant pleaded guilty to counts 2 and 3 of child molestation and was sentenced to two
concurrent ten year sentences. Movant timely filed an initial and an amended Rule 24.035 post-
conviction relief (“PCR”) motion. Following an evidentiary hearing, the motion court entered a
judgment denying the amended motion. Movant now appeals that judgment alleging that the
motion court clearly erred in not finding that he received ineffective assistance of counsel
1
All statutory references are to RSMo Cum.Supp. (2006). All rule references are to Missouri Court Rules (2019).
1
(“IAC”) during his plea hearing and sentencing.
Movant presents two points on appeal. First, he claims the motion court clearly erred
when it denied his PCR motion because plea counsel was ineffective “for leading [Movant] to
believe that he would receive a sentence of probation and that a trial would be too costly. . . .”
Second, Movant claims the motion court clearly erred because plea counsel was ineffective for
“failing to explain to [Movant] the purpose of a Sentencing Assessment Report (SAR) and to
present medical records. . . .” Finding no clear error, we affirm.
Applicable Legal Principles
Our review of the denial of a PCR motion is limited to whether the motion court’s
findings of fact and conclusions of law are “clearly erroneous.” 2 Rule 24.035(k); Ross v. State,
335 S.W.3d 479, 480 (Mo. banc 2011) (quoting Roberts v. State, 276 S.W.3d 833, 835 (Mo.
banc 2009)). The motion court’s “findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous only if, after
review of the entire record, the appellate court is left with the definite and firm impression that a
mistake has been made.” Roberts, 276 S.W.3d at 835. Movant bears the burden to prove the
grounds asserted in his or her PCR motion by a preponderance of the evidence. Rule 24.035(i);
McLaughlin v. State, 378 S.W.3d 328, 337 (Mo. banc 2012). “The motion court’s findings are
presumed correct.” Davis v. State, 486 S.W.3d 898, 905 (Mo. banc 2016) (citing Johnson v.
State, 406 S.W.3d 892, 898 (Mo. banc 2013)). An appellate court “defers to ‘the motion court’s
superior opportunity to judge the credibility of witnesses.’” Davis, 486 S.W.3d at 905 (quoting
Barton v. State, 432 S.W.3d 741, 760 (Mo. banc 2014). “The motion court’s rejection of certain
2
“The same standard of review is applied when reviewing the grant or denial of a Rule 24.035 or Rule 29.15
motion.” Berry v. State, 551 S.W.3d 102, 107 n.5 (Mo.App. 2018) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
For this reason, cases under both rules are cited in this opinion where applicable without further distinction.
2
witness testimony as non-credible goes to whether Movant met his burden of demonstrating a
claim for relief. . . .” Davis, 486 S.W.3d at 905 n.2.
To prevail on an IAC claim, the movant must demonstrate by a preponderance of the
evidence that counsel failed to exercise the level of skill and diligence that a reasonably
competent trial counsel would in a similar situation and the movant was prejudiced as a result of
counsel’s failure. Id. at 906; Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 688 (1984). In the
context of a guilty plea, a movant “establishes prejudice due to ineffective assistance of counsel
by demonstrating that a reasonable probability exists that, but for plea counsel’s errors, the
movant would not have entered a guilty plea and would have insisted on proceeding to trial.”
Jones v. State, 211 S.W.3d 210, 213 (Mo.App. 2007). If Movant fails to demonstrate that he or
she was prejudiced by counsel’s performance, we do not need to address or reach the question of
whether counsel’s performance was ineffective. Barnes v. State, 506 S.W.3d 407, 410
(Mo.App. 2016) (citing State v. Simmons, 955 S.W.2d 729, 746 (Mo. banc 1997)).
Factual and Procedural Background
By information, Movant was charged in count 1 with statutory sodomy and in counts 2
and 3 with child molestation. Movant retained attorney Andrew Lyskowski (“plea counsel”) to
represent him on these charges, including during his plea hearing and sentencing. In accordance
with a plea agreement with the State, Movant entered “open” guilty pleas to child molestation on
counts 2 and 3 in exchange for the State dismissing count 1. During the plea hearing, the State
orally further agreed to limit its sentencing recommendation to the plea court to ten years in the
Department of Corrections (“DOC”).
During the plea hearing, Movant stated that, as alleged in count 2, he committed the class
B felony of child molestation in the first degree on or about August 5, 2015, when he knowingly
subjected M.W. to sexual contact by touching her breasts under her clothing when she was less
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than 14 years old. Movant also admitted that, as alleged in count 3, he committed the Class B
felony of child molestation on or about September 19, 2014, when he knowingly subjected K.R.
to sexual contact by touching her vagina with his hand through her clothing when she was less
than 14 years old. The plea court informed Movant that the range of punishment for each felony
was five to fifteen years imprisonment, which Movant stated he understood. Movant further
stated that he understood he did not have to plead guilty, that threats or promises had not been
made to coerce him into pleading guilty, and that he understood he waived certain of his
constitutional rights in order to enter a guilty plea. Movant’s written, signed plea petition was
admitted into evidence. The court accepted Movant’s guilty pleas, sentenced Movant to ten
years imprisonment on each count to be served concurrently, and entered judgment accordingly.
After delivery to the DOC, Movant timely filed a Rule 24.035 Motion to Vacate, Set
Aside, or Correct Judgment. Retained counsel for Movant thereafter timely filed an amended
motion (the “PCR motion”). The PCR motion asserted three IAC claims of which only the first
and third are relevant to this appeal. The first IAC claim alleged that “[p]lea counsel
affirmatively informed Movant that he would receive probation” and that plea counsel told
Movant “he would need to pay a large amount of money for trial and that he should plead
guilty.” The third IAC claim alleged that “[p]lea counsel advised Movant to waive his
Sentencing Assessment Report. Movant did not fully understand such waiver and Plea counsel
failed to provide the Court with medical records and other mitigation evidence.”
At the evidentiary hearing on the PCR motion, both Movant and plea counsel testified
and the motion court took judicial notice of the underlying criminal case file.
The motion court found that:
[Plea counsel] testified that he met with Movant on numerous occasions. He also
testified that he had two sit-down meetings with Movant in the week leading up to
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the plea where the plea would have been discussed. He also met with Movant the
morning of Court and again reviewed the plea. [Plea counsel] testified that [sic]
explained the possible outcomes, but that he did not advise Movant that he would
receive probation. He also testified that he reviewed the written plea petition with
Movant and that Movant signed every page.
The motion court further found that “[plea counsel] testified that he did explain to Movant the
purpose of a Sentencing Assessment Report” and that “[plea counsel] testified, and the record
reflects, that he argued medical conditions during sentencing. He also had Movant evaluated by
Dr. Jeffrey Kline and provided Dr. Kline’s Forensic Psychological Evaluation, which included
reference to Movant’s underlying medical conditions, to the Court at sentencing.” The motion
court expressly found plea counsel’s “testimony to be credible” and that “Movant has failed to
adduce any evidence that [plea counsel’s] actions caused him prejudice.”
The motion court concluded that the record did not support that Movant’s plea counsel
was ineffective and that Movant failed to demonstrate he was prejudiced by plea counsel’s
actions. The motion court, accordingly, entered judgment denying the PCR motion. Movant
timely appeals that judgment.
Discussion
Point 1—Movant Failed to Prove His First IAC Claim
In his first point on appeal, Movant claims that the motion court clearly erred in denying
his first IAC claim in his PCR motion because plea counsel was ineffective “for leading
[Movant] to believe that he would receive a sentence of probation[] and that a trial would be too
costly.” 3 We disagree.
3
Movant’s wording of this point encompasses the claim made in his PCR motion that “[p]lea counsel affirmatively
informed Movant that he would receive probation” and that plea counsel told Movant “he would need to pay a large
amount of money for trial and that he should plead guilty.” To the extent Movant’s point seeks to assert an
expanded, different, or new IAC claim that was not included in his PCR motion, such claim has been waived. Rule
24.035(d); Barajas v. State, 565 S.W.3d 760, 765 (Mo.App. 2019). Consequently, our discussion of this point is
constrained by the IAC claim made in the PCR motion.
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For his first IAC claim in his PCR motion, Movant alleged that “[p]lea counsel
affirmatively informed Movant that he would receive probation” and that plea counsel told
Movant “he would need to pay a large amount of money for trial and that he should plead
guilty.” Movant had the burden to prove these allegations in the motion court by a
preponderance of the evidence. See Rule 24.035(i); McLaughlin, 378 S.W.3d at 337. As to the
first of the two conjunctive allegations, Movant testified that plea counsel “affirmatively [told
him], [he] would absolutely receive probation by the Judge.” On the other hand, plea counsel
testified “he did not advise Movant that he would receive probation.” The motion court
expressly credited plea counsel’s testimony and in doing so necessarily implicitly found
Movant’s testimony non-credible. Because we defer to the motion court’s credibility
determinations, Davis, 486 S.W.3d at 905, we are not left with a definite and firm impression
that the motion court made a mistake in concluding that the record did not support that “[p]lea
counsel affirmatively informed Movant that he would receive probation[.]”
The record is sparse as to the second conjunctive allegation of Movant’s first IAC
claim—plea counsel told Movant “he would need to pay a large amount of money for trial and
that he should plead guilty.” In response to his PCR counsel’s question “[a]nd you are alleging
that, but for those two things, being told that you would receive a sentence of probation or have
to pay a great deal of money for a trial, you would not have pled guilty but gone to trial; is that
correct[,]” Movant answered “Correct.” (Emphasis added.) Plea counsel testified that “… we
discussed the increased fee and decided to minimize the impact on -- the charges on everyone
and attempt to negotiate a plea…” and regarding the cost of a jury trial that he “did not advise
[Movant] of a – what [he] would charge, but advised [Movant] that it would be more than what
we had charged for the negotiated plea.”
6
It appears that Movant pleaded, attempted to prove in the motion court, and now argues
on appeal that his two conjunctive allegations as to plea counsel’s statements to him give rise to
a single IAC claim, rather than two separate stand-alone IAC claims based upon each respective
statement. In that context, the failure to prove the first alleged statement would necessarily
defeat the single claim. We need not consider or address that relationship of the two statements
to a single claim, however, because as to the second alleged statement, Movant only proved, at
best, that plea counsel told him that “he would have to pay a great deal of money for trial.”
There is no evidence in the record that this was an incorrect or inaccurate statement or that plea
counsel’s performance in making the statement to Movant was deficient or improper in any
respect. Plea counsel merely pointed out to Movant the rather obvious fact that because of the
additional time required to prepare for and participate in a trial, attorney fees for representation
on a criminal case resolved by a trial can exceed those in which a criminal case is resolved
through a guilty plea before trial.
Moreover, even if plea counsel’s performance in telling Movant that “he would have to
pay a great deal of money for trial” was deficient, which we have previously determined it was
not, the only evidence Movant suffered any prejudice as a result of this statement is that “but for
those two things,” referring to his conjunctive allegations as to plea counsel’s statements to him,
Movant “would not have pled guilty but gone to trial.” Because the motion court found that
Movant did not prove the first alleged statement, the motion court was free to determine either
that Movant failed to offer any evidence that he “would not have pled guilty but gone to trial”
based solely on plea counsel’s second statement to him or that, even if his testimony could be so
construed, it was non-credible, see Davis, 486 S.W.3d at 905. We are not left with a definite and
firm impression that the motion court made a mistake in concluding that the record fails to
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support that the second conjunctive statement by plea counsel, standing alone, prejudiced
Movant.
For the preceding reasons, we are not left with a definite and firm impression that the
motion court made a mistake in concluding that, as to Movant’s first IAC claim, the record did
not support that Movant’s plea counsel was ineffective and that Movant failed to demonstrate he
was prejudiced by plea counsel’s actions. Movant’s first point is denied.
Point 2—Movant Failed to Prove His Third IAC Claim
In his second point on appeal, Movant claims the motion court erred in denying his third
IAC claim in his PCR motion because plea counsel was ineffective “for failing to explain to
[Movant] the purpose of a Sentencing Assessment Report (SAR) and to present medical
records[.]”
During the evidentiary hearing, Movant testified that he did not know what a SAR is and
that plea counsel never spoke to him about a SAR. Plea counsel testified, however, that he
explained the purpose of a SAR to Movant. The motion court expressly credited plea counsel’s
testimony and in doing so necessarily implicitly found Movant’s contrary testimony non-
credible. Because we defer to the motion court’s credibility determinations, Davis, 486 S.W.3d
at 905, we are not left with a definite and firm impression that the motion court made a mistake
in concluding that the record did not support Movant’s third IAC claim that plea counsel failed to
explain to Movant the purpose of a SAR.
As to the second prong of Movant’s third IAC claim, the record is clear that plea counsel
did not present any of Movant’s medical records to the plea court. What is completely missing
from the record, however, is any evidence as to the contents of any of those medical records.
Movant’s failure to present such content evidence necessarily precludes Movant from satisfying
his burden to prove that plea counsel’s performance in failing to present any particular medical
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record to the plea court was deficient in any respect or that such failure prejudiced Movant in any
manner. In the absence of any evidentiary support as to the contents of any medical record, we
are not left with a definite and firm impression that the motion court made a mistake in
concluding that, as to Movant’s third IAC claim of failure to present medical records, the record
did not support that Movant’s plea counsel was ineffective and that Movant failed to demonstrate
he was prejudiced by plea counsel’s actions. Movant’s second point is denied.
Decision
The motion court’s judgment denying Movant’s PCR motion is affirmed.
GARY W. LYNCH, P.J. – OPINION AUTHOR
NANCY STEFFEN RAHMEYER, J. – CONCURS
WILLIAM W. FRANCIS, JR., J. – CONCURS
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