NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-4662-18T3
TONYA BOLDS-DAVIS,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
DEMETRIUS DAVIS,
Defendant-Appellant.
__________________________
Submitted January 27, 2020 – Decided April 17, 2020
Before Judges Moynihan and Mitterhoff.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey,
Chancery Division, Family Part, Passaic County,
Docket No. FM-16-1674-16.
Weinberger Divorce & Family Law Group, LLC
attorneys for appellant (Jessica Ragno Sprague on the
brief).
Respondent has not filed a brief.
PER CURIAM
Defendant Demetrius Davis appeals from the trial judge’s May 13, 2019
order that denied his request to buy out the interest of plaintiff Tonya Bolds-
Davis in marital property owned by the parties, and declined to afford other
relief requested by defendant because he had come to judge with unclean
hands. Having reviewed the record, and in light of the governing legal
principles, we affirm in part and remand in part.
I.
We discern the following facts from the record. Plaintiff and defendant
were married on August 3, 1996. The parties had two children, a son and a
daughter. On December 18, 2017, the parties entered into a settlement
agreement, which was incorporated by reference in an amended dual judgment
of divorce (JOD) executed by the parties on January 3, 2018. In relevant part,
the JOD stipulated that real property owned by the parties located on 1st Street
in Paterson (the subject property) “shall be sold immediately and the net
proceeds divided equally between the parties.” At all times relevant to this
proceeding, defendant has resided in an apartment at the subject property,
which is unencumbered by a mortgage.
Thereafter, plaintiff listed the subject property for sale at a purchase
price of $140,000. In April 2018, plaintiff entered into a contract with
A-4662-18T3
2
prospective buyers for the sale of the property at the asking price. Plaintiff
and the buyers executed an amended contract of sale in August 2018 to
incorporate a mortgage contingency clause, and to establish a closing date of
on or before October 22, 2018. Plaintiff requested that defendant allow the
prospective buyers to inspect the subject property, but defendant refused. As a
result, plaintiff was forced to file a motion, and the trial judge entered an order
on August 20, 2018 ordering defendant to cooperate and grant the buyers
access to inspect the property.
The trial judge entered a subsequent order on September 24, 2018
directing defendant to immediately provide plaintiff with potential dates and
times at which the property could be shown to the buyers. The September
2018 order also ordered that any further delay by defendant in facilit ating the
buyers’ inspection of the subject property would result in sanctions of $100 for
every day that he failed to comply. On October 2, 2018, plaintiff sent
defendant a notice to vacate the subject property on or before October 22,
2018, the scheduled date of the closing on the property. Plaintiff sent
defendant another notice to vacate on November 26, 2018 to permit the buyers
to access the subject property to remediate an oil tank and asbestos that had
been identified on the property. Both notices to vacate advised that if
A-4662-18T3
3
defendant failed to grant the buyers access to the property, plaintiff would seek
relief with the judge by way of motion.
After defendant again failed to vacate the subject property, plaintiff
moved to enforce litigant’s rights on February 11, 2019, requesting that the
judge order defendant to provide the prospective buyers with access to the
subject property to facilitate asbestos removal and that defendant vacate the
subject property. Plaintiff’s motion also sought to assess penalties against
defendant, and for defendant to be liable for her legal fees. Annexed to
plaintiff’s motion was a certification rendered by Juliana E. Blackburn,
plaintiff’s attorney, in which Blackburn certified as to the facts underlying
plaintiff’s motion. On February 29, 2019, defendant’s attorney sent a letter to
Blackburn expressing defendant’s interest in buying out plaintiff’s interest in
the subject property.
On March 28, 2019, defendant opposed plaintiff’s motion as being
procedurally deficient. Defendant also filed a cross-motion seeking several
forms of relief, including a determination that defendant be permitted to buy
out plaintiff’s interest in the subject property for $70,000. Defendant
expressed in his motion that by allowing him to purchase the property, he and
plaintiff would save money by avoiding closing costs, including realtor’s
A-4662-18T3
4
commissions and attorney’s fees, associated with selling the property to the
prospective buyers. The cross-motion also requested that the judge (1) order
plaintiff to satisfy outstanding bills and reimburse defendant for certain
expenses; (2) suspend defendant’s alimony obligation because plaintiff
cohabitates with a paramour; (3) modify defendant’s child support obligation;
(4) credit defendant’s probation account; (5) direct that the parties attend
mediation to resolve issues of custody, parenting time, alimony, and equitable
distribution; (6) order that if mediation was unsuccessful that the matter be
scheduled for a plenary hearing, and (7) find plaintiff liable for defendant’s
counsel fees and costs.
On May 13, 2019, the judge entered an order resolving the parties’
motions on the papers. The judge denied plaintiff’s motion to enforce
litigant’s rights on procedural grounds, finding that Blackburn’s certification
failed to satisfy Rule 1:6-6. Specifically, the judge determined that Blackburn
lacked first-hand knowledge of the facts and information to which she was
attesting.
The judge also denied defendant’s cross-motion under the doctrine of
unclean hands. The motion judge found that defendant sought to unilaterally
amend the parties’ judgment of divorce, which established that the subject
A-4662-18T3
5
property would be sold immediately, and defied subsequent orders entered on
August 20, 2018, and September 24, 2018, directing him to cooperate with the
sale of the property. The judge directed defendant to comply with the
judgment of divorce and the judge's orders, and ordered that if he failed to do
so, plaintiff would be entitled to seek enforcement and sanctions by filing a
new motion with a proper certification. The judge also determined that
defendant must comply with the prior orders before seeking any further relief
from the judge. This appeal ensued.
On appeal, defendant raises the following arguments:
POINT I
THE TRIAL JUDGE ERRED IN FAILING TO
ALLOW [DEFENDANT] TO BUY[]OUT
[PLAINTIFF’S] INTEREST IN THE PROPERTY.
POINT II
THE TRIAL JUDGE MISAPPLIED THE DOCTRINE
OF UNCLEAN HANDS AND ERRED IN FAILING
TO ADDRESS THE UNOPPOSED RELIEF
REQUESTED.
Plaintiff has not filed a responsive brief. Nonetheless, we find defendant’s
arguments concerning the buy out to be without merit and affirm substantially
for the reasons expressed by the motion judge. We are constrained, however,
to reverse the judge's determination that resolution of the cross-motion was
A-4662-18T3
6
dependent on defendant's compliance with prior judge orders, and remand for
the resolution of the issues raised on the cross-motion.
II.
Our review of a Family Part judge's factual findings is limited. N.J. Div.
of Youth & Family Servs. v. I.H.C., 415 N.J. Super. 551, 577 (App. Div. 2010)
(citing Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 412-13 (1998)). These findings "are
binding on appeal when supported by adequate, substantial, credible
evidence." Cesare, 154 N.J. at 411-12 (citing Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Inv'rs
Ins. Co., 65 N.J. 474, 484 (1974)). "Deference is especially appropriate 'when
the evidence is largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility.'" Id.
at 412 (quoting In re Return of Weapons to J.W.D., 149 N.J. 108, 117 (1997)).
We will only reverse if the trial judge's findings were "so manifestly
unsupported by or inconsistent with the competent, relevant and reasonably
credible evidence as to offend the interests of justice." Rova Farms, 65 N.J. at
484 (quoting Fagliarone v. Township of North Bergen, 78 N.J. Super. 154, 155
(App. Div. 1963)). However, we give no deference to a trial judge's
interpretation of the law. N.J. Div. of Youth & Family Servs. v. R.L., 388 N.J.
Super. 81, 89 (App. Div. 2006) (citing Manalapan Realty, L.P. v. Twp. Comm.
of Manalapan, 140 N.J. 366, 378 (1995)).
A-4662-18T3
7
III.
Defendant argues that the motion judge erred by not allowing him to buy
out plaintiff’s interest in the subject property, as the JOD does not expres sly
state that the subject property must be sold to a third party. Defendant argues
that the motion judge should not have applied the doctrine of unclean hands to
bar this relief. We disagree.
“An agreement that resolves a matrimonial dispute is no less a contract
than an agreement to resolve a business dispute.” Quinn v. Quinn, 225 N.J.
34, 45 (2016). “To be sure, ‘the law grants particular leniency to agreements
made in the domestic arena’ and vests ‘judges greater discretion when
interpreting such agreements.’” Id. at 45-46 (quoting Pacifico v. Pacifico, 190
N.J. 258, 265-66 (2007)). “[T]he judge must discern and implement ‘the
common intention of the parties’ and ‘enforce [the mutual agreement] as
written.’” Id. at 46 (first quoting Tessmar v. Grosner, 23 N.J. 193, 201 (1957);
then quoting Kampf v. Franklin Life Ins. Co., 33 N.J. 36, 43 (1960)) (second
alteration in original).
In this case, we find that the judge's decision to enforce the JOD as
written and to refuse to consider defendant's belated request to amend the
unequivocal provision that the property be immediately sold was legal ly
A-4662-18T3
8
correct and well-supported by the facts. In that regard, the record is clear that
plaintiff spent substantial time and effort to list the property and procur e
prospective buyers. She also was unnecessarily forced to expend legal fees on
several occasions due to defendant's unwarranted lack of cooperation and his
repeated flouting of the judge's orders.
It is axiomatic under the doctrine of unclean hands that "[h]e who comes
into equity must come with clean hands." A. Hollander & Son, Inc. v.
Imperial Fur Blending Corp., 2 N.J. 235, 245 (1949). "[A] judge should not
grant equitable relief to a party who is a wrongdoer with respect to the subject
matter of the suit." Pellitteri v. Pellitteri, 266 N.J. Super. 56, 65 (App. Div.
1993). However, the doctrine
does not repel all sinners from judges of equity, nor
does it apply to every unconscientious act or
inequitable conduct on the part of the complainants.
The inequity which deprives a suitor of a right to
justice in a judge of equity is not general iniquitous
conduct unconnected with the act of the defendant
which the complaining party states as his . . . cause of
action; but it must be evil practice or wrong conduct in
the particular matter or transaction in respect to which
judicial protection or redress is sought.
[Heuer v. Heuer, 152 N.J. 226, 238 (1998) (quoting
Neubeck v. Neubeck, 94 N.J. Eq. 167, 170 (E. & A.
1922)).]
A-4662-18T3
9
The "maxim means that a judge of equity will refuse relief to [any] party who
has acted in a manner contrary to the principles of equity." Rolnick v.
Rolnick, 290 N.J. Super. 35, 45 (App. Div. 1996) (alteration in original).
In this case, defendant failed to communicate any interest in purchasing
the subject property until around February 2019, well after plaintiff had
undertaken considerable efforts to sell the property, and after plaintiff had
already executed a contract to sell the property to buyers. By ignoring
plaintiff's requests and the judge's orders to make the property available for
inspection and to vacate, defendant engaged in wrongful conduct connected to
the very transaction that he seeks to compel. See Heuer, 152 N.J. at 238.
In contrast, we find that the motion judge’s decision to preclude
defendant from requesting other relief stemming from the parties’ performance
under the JOD exceeded his discretion. Although defendant's flouting of his
obligations under the JOD and thumbing his nose at subsequent judge orders in
bad faith amply justified the judge's denial of defendant's request to buy out
plaintiff's interest in the property, we conclude that the further equitable relief
sought in the cross-motion was insufficiently connected to defendant's bad-
faith conduct to deny or delay resolution of those issues pending his
compliance with the prior judge orders. Accordingly, we remand for the
A-4662-18T3
10
limited purpose of resolving the issues on defendant's cross-motion. We leave
it to the trial judge's discretion whether further enforcement of the sale shall
await resolution of those issues.
To the extent we have not addressed any of defendant’s remaining
arguments, we conclude that they are without sufficient merit to warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(2).
Affirmed in part, remanded in part. We do not retain jurisdiction.
A-4662-18T3
11