IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA
No. 19-0780
Filed May 13, 2020
STATE OF IOWA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
TARA LANE,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________
Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Mary E. Howes
(acceptance of plea) and Stuart P. Werling (sentencing), Judges.
Tara Lane appeals her conviction, following a guilty plea, of assault with
intent to commit sexual abuse not resulting in injury and the sentence imposed.
AFFIRMED.
Grishma Arumugam, Bettendorf, for appellant.
Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Israel Kodiaga, Assistant Attorney
General, for appellee.
Considered by Mullins, P.J., Ahlers, J., and Scott, S.J.*
*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206
(2020).
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MULLINS, Presiding Judge.
Tara Lane appeals her conviction, following a guilty plea, of assault with
intent to commit sexual abuse not resulting in injury and the sentence imposed.
She argues (1) her counsel was ineffective in allowing her to plead guilty and waive
her opportunity to file a motion in arrest of judgment absent a factual basis and
(2) the court improperly failed to state its reasons for imposing a prison sentence
as opposed to a suspended sentence and probation or a deferred judgment.
We review claims of ineffective assistance of counsel de novo. See State
v. Harris, 919 N.W.2d 753, 754 (Iowa 2018). Lane must show by a preponderance
of the evidence that (1) counsel failed to perform an essential duty and
(2) prejudice resulted. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984);
State v. Harrison, 914 N.W.2d 178, 188 (Iowa 2018). A factual basis is a
prerequisite to the court’s acceptance of a guilty plea. See Iowa R. Crim. P.
2.8(2)(b); State v. Schminkey, 597 N.W.2d 785, 788 (Iowa 1999). If counsel allows
a defendant to plead guilty and waives the defendant’s right to file a motion in
arrest of judgment when there is an inadequate factual basis to support the charge,
counsel breaches an essential duty and prejudice is presumed. Rhoades v. State,
848 N.W.2d 22, 29 (Iowa 2014). A factual basis exists when the record, as a
whole, discloses facts to satisfy the elements of the crime. See State v. Finney,
834 N.W.2d 46, 62 (Iowa 2013). “The record does not need to show the totality of
evidence necessary to support a guilty conviction, but it need only demonstrate
facts that support the offense.” State v. Ortiz, 789 N.W.2d 761, 768 (Iowa 2010).
In determining whether a factual basis exists, we consider the entire record before
the district court, including the defendant’s statements, facts provided by the
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prosecutor, the minutes of evidence, and any presentence report. Schminkey, 597
N.W.2d at 788.
The minutes of evidence disclose the following facts. On Saturday
December 17, 2016, twenty-seven-year-old Lane entered fourteen-year-old J.D.’s
bedroom at her mother’s home and sexually assaulted her by touching J.D.’s
breasts in a sexual manner, inserting her fingers into J.D.’s vagina, and licking
J.D.’s breast and vagina. J.D. subsequently reported to a sexual assault nurse
examiner that she repeatedly told Lane “no.” And, according to the minutes of
evidence, Lane’s “actions were done by force or against the will of” J.D. Lane’s
DNA was found on J.D.’s breast. According to J.D.’s reports, “she thought Lane
was out of it or on something,” and Lane smoked a marijuana blunt before
assaulting her. The next morning, J.D. returned to her father’s home and told her
stepmother what Lane had done. The matter was reported to law enforcement the
same day. When interviewed by police weeks later, Lane indicated she had
consumed marijuana on the night in question. The Iowa Department of Human
Services concluded the allegation of sexual abuse to be founded, with Lane as the
perpetrator.
Lane was criminally charged. She ultimately filed a petition to plead guilty
to assault with intent to commit sexual abuse, admitting the following: “I engaged
in physical contact of kissing a minor both on the lips and on her breast; I stopped
when she said no more.”
Iowa Code section 709.11 (2016) criminalizes assaults, as defined in
section 708.1, which are committed with an intent to commit sexual abuse, as
defined in section 709.1. “A person commits an assault when, without justification,
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the person” does (1) “[a]ny act which is intended to cause pain or injury to, or which
is intended to result in physical contact which will be insulting or offensive to
another, coupled with the apparent ability to execute the act” or (2) “[a]ny act which
is intended to place another in fear of immediate physical contact which will be
painful, injurious, insulting, or offensive, coupled with the apparent ability to
execute the act.” Iowa Code § 708.1(2)(a), (b). The minutes of evidence show
Lane engaged in multiple acts of physical contact with J.D. while J.D. repeatedly
said “no.” The facts are sufficient to support a conclusion that Lane assaulted J.D.,
as her continuous acts of physical contact against J.D.’s verbalization were
“intended to result in physical contact which will be insulting or offensive to” J.D.
and Lane had the apparent ability to execute the act and, in fact, did so. See id. §
708.1(2)(a); see also Ortiz, 789 N.W.2d at 768.
We turn to the sexual-abuse component of the crime. See Iowa Code
§ 709.11. Sexual abuse includes any sex act that is performed against the will of
the subject of the act or when the subject of the act is a child. Id. § 709.1(1), (3).
A sex act includes contact between mouth, finger, or hand and the genitalia of
another. Id. § 702.17(2), (3). The minutes of evidence unquestionably disclose
Lane engaged in such contact with J.D.
As to intent to assault and to commit sexual abuse, while Lane argues her
“intent is questionable with her under the influence of one or multiple drugs,” she
ignores “that the ‘record does not need to show the totality of evidence necessary
to support a guilty conviction, but it need only demonstrate facts that support the
offense.’” State v. Velez, 829 N.W.2d 572, 576 (Iowa 2013) (quoting Ortiz, 789
N.W.2d at 768). A factual basis exists so long as the record provides “minimal
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support” for the crime. Id. at 580. We find support for intent in the record. As
such, Lane’s guilty plea enjoys a factual basis and counsel was therefore not
ineffective in allowing Lane to plead guilty and waive her right to file a motion in
arrest of judgment to challenge the plea. We affirm Lane’s conviction.
Next, Lane argues the court improperly failed to provide reasons for its
decision to impose a prison sentence and deny a deferred judgment. It is true that
the court is required to “state on the record its reason for selecting the particular
sentence.” Iowa R. Crim. P. 2.23(3)(d); accord Iowa Code § 901.5. “Although the
reasons need not be detailed, at least a cursory explanation must be provided to
allow appellate review of the trial court’s discretionary action.” State v. Jacobs,
607 N.W.2d 679, 690 (Iowa 2000).
Lane suggests, “There is no statement of any reason for the imposition of a
sentence of imprisonment.” However, at the sentencing hearing, the court
succinctly stated its reasons for its sentencing decision as follows:
[B]ased on the recommendation of the [presentence investigation
report] author, based on the Defendant’s needs, also based on the
seriousness of this offense, and for the purposes of both general and
specific deterrence, the court will not grant the request for a deferred
judgment.
The court believes that incarceration is recommended and will
impose incarceration for the reasons that have been stated here and
as stated by the county attorney.
We find the court’s terse and succinct statement regarding its sentencing decision
to be sufficient to show its reasons for its discretionary decision are viable and
affirm the sentence imposed. See State v. Thacker, 862 N.W.2d 402, 408 (Iowa
2015).
AFFIRMED.
State of Iowa v. Tara Lane
Combined Opinion