IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Colleen DeLuca, :
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 1405 C.D. 2019
: Submitted: May 12, 2020
Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary :
Authority and Thomas G. Keiper :
BEFORE: HONORABLE MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
HONORABLE MICHAEL H. WOJCIK, Judge
HONORABLE J. ANDREW CROMPTON, Judge
OPINION NOT REPORTED
MEMORANDUM OPINION
BY PRESIDENT JUDGE LEAVITT FILED: June 16, 2020
Colleen DeLuca (DeLuca) appeals two orders of the Court of Common
Pleas of Luzerne County (trial court). The first order denied the motion to recuse
the Honorable William H. Amesbury from conducting a hearing on the petition of
Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary Authority and Thomas G. Keiper (collectively, the
Authority) to enforce a settlement agreement. The second order granted the
Authority’s petition. On appeal, DeLuca contends that Judge Amesbury was
obligated to recuse himself because of his involvement in the settlement discussions.
DeLuca further contends that the evidence showed that she did not freely agree to
the terms of the agreement that were entered into the record to settle her
whistleblower and tort claims against the Authority. For the following reasons, we
affirm the trial court’s orders.
DeLuca owns a single-family home in Mountain Top, Pennsylvania,
located adjacent to the Authority’s sewage treatment plant. On several occasions
between June 27, 2006, and April 26, 2011, DeLuca’s property was flooded with
untreated sewage. The infiltrations stopped when, in late 2011, the Authority
upgraded its system.
During this time, DeLuca was performing cleaning services at the
Authority’s offices. After her home flooded with sewage in April 2011, DeLuca
retained counsel, who requested the Authority to stop the infiltration of sewage into
DeLuca’s home. On June 23, 2011, the Authority terminated DeLuca’s cleaning
services.
DeLuca filed a two-count action against the Authority.1 The first count
sounded in trespass and sought damages as a result of the sewage infiltrations. The
second count was filed under the Whistleblower Law, Act of December 12, 1986,
P.L. 1559, as amended, 43 P.S. §§1421-1428, and asserted that the Authority had
terminated its contract with DeLuca because she complained about sewage entering
her house. DeLuca also filed a petition for appointment of a board of viewers under
the Eminent Domain Code, 26 Pa. C.S. §§101-1106, which was successful.2 See
DeLuca v. Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary Authority, 166 A.3d 553 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2017) (holding that the Authority’s intentional operation of its sewage system caused
infiltrations of sewage onto DeLuca’s property).
The whistleblower/trespass action was assigned to Judge Amesbury.
On November 27, 2017, Judge Amesbury convened a pre-trial and settlement
conference, which resulted in a settlement of DeLuca’s de facto condemnation and
1
The case is captioned Colleen DeLuca v. Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary Authority and Thomas
G. Keiper (C.C.P. Luzerne Cty., No. 2015-CV-05864).
2
In May 2015, DeLuca filed a petition for appointment of a board of viewers pursuant to Section
502(c) of the Eminent Domain Code, 26 Pa. C.S. §502(c), alleging that the repeated infiltration of
sewage on her property constituted a de facto taking.
2
whistleblower/trespass actions. The terms of the settlement were placed into the
record, which states as follows:
THE COURT: We had a count of negligence. We have an
eminent domain issue which constituted a tak[ing] as verified by
an opinion that was rendered by my colleague Judge Tina
Polachek Gartley and was affirmed by the Appellate Court[.]
***
THE COURT: At the same time we have a claim for punitive
damages, as well as a whistleblower action.
The purpose in meeting today was to see if we could bring a
resolution, a complete resolution of all outstanding theories that
were presented before the [trial court], including the three that I
just mentioned. This would include any allegations against the
municipality and there will be no disparaging remarks to any
present employee, management personnel, non-management
personnel or solicitor past or present.
Did I cover that broad enough?
MR. KARPOWICH: And the public, Your Honor.
THE COURT: Okay.
MR. McDONOUGH: Your Honor, the eminent domain was
under a separate court term and number. This court term and
number was only for the trespass and for the whistleblower.
THE COURT: You brought the negligence claim separately?
MR. McDONOUGH: They were brought with the
whistleblower originally and then there was a separate eminent
domain proceeding.
THE COURT: That’s under 5864 of 2015. So all will be
included.
MR. McDONOUGH: Both lawsuits in all three counts, yes,
Your Honor.
3
THE COURT: The settlement amount is $450,000. That has
been entered into by the parties. On behalf of the plaintiff, sir, is
that an agreement?
Mr. McDONOUGH: That part of the settlement, yes, Your
Honor.
MR. KARPOWICH: Yes, Your Honor.
MR. ABELL: Yes, Your Honor.
Notes of Testimony (N.T.), 11/27/2017, at 2-3; Reproduced Record at 103a (R.R.
__).3
Following the conference, DeLuca’s counsel prepared a written
settlement agreement and release for execution by the parties. The document stated
that the Authority would pay DeLuca $450,000 and provide a letter from a
professional engineer detailing the work done by the Authority to address the
infiltration events. The document also provided that DeLuca would terminate her
whistleblower/trespass and condemnation actions and release the Authority.
Finally, the document included a mutual non-disparagement agreement.
DeLuca refused to sign the agreement as requested by her counsel. In
April 2018, the Authority filed a petition to enforce the settlement agreement.
On May 15, 2018, DeLuca’s counsel filed a motion to withdraw as
counsel. At the hearing on that motion, DeLuca’s counsel, Attorney Richard Abell,
testified that DeLuca had not paid his invoices for legal services for several years
and that there had been a breakdown in the attorney-client relationship. DeLuca
voiced “no disagreement” with Attorney Abell’s request to withdraw as counsel; the
3
Attorney Richard Abell represented DeLuca, and Attorneys Sean McDonough and Donald
Karpowich represented the Authority.
4
trial court granted the motion. N.T., 5/25/2018, at 47; R.R. 194a. The trial court
gave DeLuca 60 days to obtain new counsel.
DeLuca retained the law firm McNees Wallace & Nurick LLC, which
entered its appearance on behalf of DeLuca in both the condemnation and
whistleblower/trespass actions. The trial court postponed the hearing on the
Authority’s petition to enforce settlement scheduled for August 7, 2018, to October
30, 2018.
On October 12, 2018, DeLuca filed a motion to recuse Judge Amesbury
on the basis of Rule 2.11(A) of the Pennsylvania Code of Judicial Conduct.4 The
motion alleged that because Judge Amesbury would have to consider his own
statements and actions during the settlement discussions, he was disqualified from
conducting the hearing on the petition to enforce settlement agreement. Motion to
Recuse at 4, ¶¶19-20; R.R. 210a.
At the October 30, 2018, hearing on DeLuca’s recusal motion, the
Authority objected to DeLuca’s motion as untimely. DeLuca responded that her
motion was timely because she had engaged new counsel, who needed to retrieve
4
It states, in pertinent part, as follows:
(A) A judge shall disqualify himself or herself in any proceeding in which the
judge’s impartiality might reasonably be questioned, including but not limited to the
following circumstances:
(1) The judge has a personal bias or prejudice concerning a party
or a party’s lawyer, or personal knowledge of facts that are in dispute
in the proceeding.
***
(6) The judge:
***
(c) was a material witness concerning the matter.
PA. CODE OF JUDICIAL CONDUCT RULE 2.11(A) (emphasis added).
5
and review the files of prior counsel. The trial court postponed the hearing on the
Authority’s petition to enforce the settlement.
On December 9, 2018, the trial court scheduled an evidentiary hearing
on DeLuca’s recusal motion for February 11, 2019. The parties agreed that the
evidentiary hearing would address both DeLuca’s recusal motion and the
Authority’s petition to enforce the settlement agreement.
At the evidentiary hearing, DeLuca testified that in September 2017,
her attorney advised her that the trial court wanted to conduct “a combined
pretrial/settlement conference in November” in her whistleblower/trespass action.
N.T., 2/11/2019, at 25; R.R. 354a. In October 2017, he notified her that the
conference had been scheduled for November 27, 2017, and that she should be
prepared to discuss settlement. DeLuca testified that on that day, she was escorted
into a room. Fifteen minutes later, Attorney Abell and Judge Amesbury entered the
room. DeLuca testified as follows:
Dick Abell walked around in front of me, sat at a desk, put his
feet up and locked his hands behind his head. Judge Amesbury
grabbed a rolling chair, rolled it towards me, grabbed my hands,
slid his knees between my skirt, screamed at the top of his lungs
with his halitosis coffee breath.
Id. at 35; R.R. 357a. DeLuca stated that Judge Amesbury told her that she needed
to take the Authority’s offer “to get off his f[**]king dockets.” Id. He told her that
it was the “best deal” she was going to get. Id. When asked how she responded,
DeLuca testified:
I was unaccepting of the $10,000, my job back and me throwing
away the win offered by Judge Gartley [in the condemnation
case].
6
Id. at 36; R.R. 357a.
DeLuca also testified that during the settlement conference, she
contacted Paul Logan, Esq., an attorney who had previously worked with Attorney
Abell in her dispute with the Authority. That conversation lasted approximately 30
minutes. DeLuca stated that Attorney Logan told her to “buckle down” and “get this
done”; he also told her to contact her bank for the payoff amount for her house. Id.
at 39; R.R. 357a-58a.
DeLuca acknowledged that she stated on the record that she agreed to
the settlement, but she could not explain her statement. DeLuca testified that she
believed that the settlement applied only to the whistleblower/trespass action. On
cross-examination, DeLuca conceded that at no point during the settlement
conference did she tell Judge Amesbury that she was dissatisfied with Attorney
Abell or his representation.
The Authority presented testimony from Toni Rogan, the Chairwoman
of the Authority. Rogan testified that at the settlement conference, she did not
observe Judge Amesbury demonstrate either a lack of patience or frustration. She
did not observe DeLuca to be under duress. Rogan testified that after the settlement
conference, DeLuca hugged her and said “[t]hank you.” Id. at 87; R.R. 370a.
At the conclusion of that hearing, the parties agreed to keep the record
open for the sworn testimony of Attorney Abell, who had represented DeLuca at the
November 27, 2017, settlement conference. The record closed on May 15, 2019.
On May 15, 2019, Judge Amesbury entered an order denying DeLuca’s
motion for his recusal. The order gave the parties until June 15, 2019, to submit
final briefs on the Authority’s petition to enforce the settlement agreement.
7
Subsequently, on July 19, 2019, the trial court granted the Authority’s
petition to enforce the settlement agreement. The order directed DeLuca to execute
the written settlement agreement and release and to comply with its terms and
conditions. With regard to DeLuca’s assertion that her counsel had been ineffective,
the trial court reasoned that she may have a claim against her attorney for
malpractice, but that claim was not relevant to the enforceability of the settlement.
The trial court found no basis for her claim of duress or undue pressure and rejected
her contention that she did not freely agree to the terms of the settlement. The trial
court also held that assuming that DeLuca mistakenly agreed to the settlement, her
mistake was unilateral. As such, it did not negate the validity of the parties’
settlement agreement.
DeLuca then appealed the trial court’s orders.
On appeal,5 DeLuca raises three issues. First, she argues that the trial
court abused its discretion in denying her motion for the judge’s recusal. Second,
she argues that the trial court erred in granting the petition to enforce the settlement
agreement when the evidence showed that DeLuca did not freely enter into the
agreement. Third, she argues that the trial court erred in ordering her to sign a
5
When reviewing a trial court’s decision to enforce a settlement agreement:
[O]ur scope of review is plenary as to questions of law, and we are free to draw our
own inferences and reach our own conclusions from the facts as found by the court.
However, we are only bound by the trial court’s findings of fact which are supported
by competent evidence. The prevailing party is entitled to have the evidence viewed
in the light most favorable to its position. Thus, we will only overturn the trial
court’s decision when the factual findings of the court are against the weight of the
evidence or its legal conclusions are erroneous.
Hydrojet Services, Inc. v. Reading Area Water Authority, 220 A.3d 1199, 1204 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2019) (quoting Bennett v. Juzelenos, 791 A.2d 403, 406 (Pa. Super. 2002)).
8
written settlement agreement with terms that had not been discussed or agreed upon
at the November 27, 2017, settlement conference.
The issues presented in this matter are identical to those presented and
resolved by this Court in the related matter of DeLuca v. Mountaintop Area Joint
Sanitary Authority, and Thomas G. Keiper, __ A.3d __ (Pa. Cmwlth., No. 1024 C.D.
2019, filed June 16, 2020) (DeLuca I). In that case, we affirmed the trial court’s
decision to deny DeLuca’s recusal motion and to grant the Authority’s petition to
enforce the settlement agreement. Accordingly, we affirm the trial court on the basis
of this Court’s decision in DeLuca I.
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
9
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Colleen DeLuca, :
Appellant :
:
v. : No. 1405 C.D. 2019
:
Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary :
Authority and Thomas G. Keiper :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 16th day of June, 2020, the orders of the Court of Common
Pleas of Luzerne County, dated May 15, 2019, and July 9, 2019, are AFFIRMED.
MARY HANNAH LEAVITT, President Judge
C. DeLuca v. Mountaintop Area Joint Sanitary Authority & T.G. Keiper
Combined Opinion