NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE
APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION
This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the
internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited . R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY
APPELLATE DIVISION
DOCKET NO. A-5147-18T1
AMY BARCHUE,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
EMMANUEL KPEHE,
Defendant-Respondent,
and
SOLAMANIE IMPORT &
EXPORT CORP.,
Defendant.
_________________________
Submitted June 3, 2020 – Decided July 1, 2020
Before Judges Haas and Enright.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Law
Division, Mercer County, Docket No. L-2721-17.
Amy Barchue, appellant pro se.
Emmanuel Kpehe, respondent pro se, did not file a
brief.
PER CURIAM
Plaintiff Amy Barchue appeals from the July 15, 2019 dismissal of her
complaint with prejudice and the entry of judgment in favor of defendants
Emmanuel Kpehe and Solamanie Import & Export Corp.1 We affirm.
In June 2017, plaintiff went to Solamanie's office to arrange the shipment
of various goods to her daughter in Liberia. She spoke with Kpehe about
transporting seven barrels, five boxes and a car that Kpehe sold her. Plaintiff
agreed to pay Kpehe $2550 to ship her personalty.
Once Kpehe notified plaintiff her property arrived in Liberia, plaintiff
traveled there. Purportedly, she "waited . . . there for one month and one week
. . . . [a]nd . . . could not see those items that were shipped." According to
plaintiff, Kpehe gave her a telephone number to call about her personal property
but the person who answered that number told her, "I'm not working for
Emmanuel [Kpehe]. I don't know Emmanuel." Plaintiff's daughter also
attempted to retrieve the personalty in Liberia but was told plaintiff did not pay
for the goods so they could not be released.
1
Solamanie Import & Export Corp. was dismissed below and is not a party to
this appeal.
A-5147-18T1
2
Plaintiff returned to the United States in early September 2017 and
attempted to contact Kpehe by phone and a separate message. She contends he
did not respond. When no resolution could be reached to release the goods in
Liberia, plaintiff filed suit against defendants.
During the one-day trial of this matter, both plaintiff and Kpehe testified.
Plaintiff attested to paying defendants $2550 to transport her personalty to
Liberia. Kpehe affirmed he sold a car to plaintiff for $2500 and agreed to ship
it to Liberia, along with plaintiff's other items. When asked how much plaintiff
paid him, Kpehe answered:
[i]n total, not counting the cost of shipping, about
$2500. This whole agreement was toward the car repair
that I did. But when I received the money from her, I
did mark down the shipping . . . . She was aware of
shipping. She knew the rule, on that [shipping] . . . .
[S]he was responsible to take it from there. She was
aware it was a joint container, so she had, like 25, 20 or
25% space in the container.
The container was shipped, it got to Liberia, we tried to
get in touch with her . . . . The owner of the container
. . . . tried to reach [] her, no way . . . . [T]hen I saw her
in [the] office . . . . She . . . came and talked to me. I
told her, Orlando tried getting in touch with you. I tried
to get in touch with you. She[] said, oh, she ran out of
money. She will not have the money to free her stuff
in Liberia.
A-5147-18T1
3
After Kpehe testified, he called Orlando Nyeke as a witness to testify on
his behalf. Nyeke testified he shipped plaintiff's personalty to Liberia and that
after she arrived there, he called her to let her know she needed to pay the "duty
for [her] car to the Customs in Liberia." According to Nyeke, plaintiff
responded that "she don't have no money for Customs. When she come back,
she's going to pay for the car in Liberia." Nyeke notified Kpehe that he was
embarrassed that plaintiff refused "to pay for Custom duty in Liberia to free her
car." Nyeke testified that because plaintiff did not pay the necessary Customs
fee to have her car released from a port in Liberia, he advanced approximately
$1500 to ensure its release. But after a year passed and plaintiff still had not
satisfied the Customs fee, her car was sold. Nyeke also testified that plaintiff's
remaining items were brought to a warehouse for storage, but she "never went
for the things." Kpehe and Nyeke affirmed that if you send a car to Liberia and
"you can't free it," it is sold.
After plaintiff cross-examined Kpehe and Nyeke, the trial judge found in
favor of defendants. The judge confirmed plaintiff had "the burden of proof by
a preponderance of evidence" and she had not met that burden. He added, "what
hasn't been established is any type of contract between you and the
defendant[s]." Further, the judge stated:
A-5147-18T1
4
You've testified about your understanding of your
agreement with the defendant, but you have not
satisfied your burden of proof to show that there was an
actual contract entered into. And, that is because there
seems to be no meeting of the minds as to be essential
terms of this agreement.
....
I'm sorry that you think you've lost some goods and
your car, but, as I said, you haven't met your burden of
proof to show that they're responsible for it.
....
There seems to be some disagreement, as to the
understanding that you entered into with the
defendants. And because of that, it's unclear to me what
the terms of the contract are.
On appeal, plaintiff contends the trial court "committed error in failing to
acknowledge fraud and unlawful business practices committed by the defendant
in connection with the sale and transfer of goods without a signed business
contract." (Emphasis added). Plaintiff cites to no authority in support of this
argument and fails to specify how the trial judge erred. Plaintiff also argues,
based on a text message exchange with Kpehe, that she was "led to understand
that a written contract for the transaction was not required for the items being
sent from the United States to Liberia, only a 'one[-]time payment,'" which she
"paid in full." Thus, she seeks reimbursement of approximately $25,000,
A-5147-18T1
5
claiming this amount represents her shipping fees, airfare to retrieve her goods,
and the alleged value of the items entrusted to defendants.
Our review of a trial court's fact-finding in a non-jury case is limited.
Seidman v. Clifton Sav. Bank, S.L.A., 205 N.J. 150, 169 (2011). "The general
rule is that findings by the trial court are binding on appeal when supported by
adequate, substantial, credible evidence. Deference is especially appropriate
when the evidence is largely testimonial and involves questions of credibility."
Ibid. (quoting Cesare v. Cesare, 154 N.J. 394, 411-12 (1998)). However, we
owe no deference to a trial court's interpretation of the law, and review issues of
law de novo. State v. Parker, 212 N.J. 269, 278 (2012); Mountain Hill, LLC v.
Twp. Comm. of Middletown, 403 N.J. Super. 146, 193 (App. Div. 2008).
"A contract arises from offer and acceptance, and must be sufficiently
definite 'that the performance to be rendered by each party can be ascertained
with reasonable certainty.'" Weichert Co. Realtors v. Ryan, 128 N.J. 427, 435
(1992) (citations omitted). Where parties agree on essential terms and manifest
some intention to be bound by those terms, an enforceable contract is created.
Ibid. By contrast, when the parties do not agree on essential terms, a contract is
typically deemed unenforceable.
A-5147-18T1
6
Guided by these principles and our careful review of the record, we are
satisfied the trial judge properly found plaintiff failed to marshal a sufficient
quantum of evidence to demonstrate she entered into an enforceable contract
with defendants or was entitled to the reimbursement figure she now seeks.
Therefore, we perceive no basis to disturb the trial court's July 15, 2019
judgment. Additionally, plaintiff's "failure to adequately brief [an issue]
requires it to be dismissed as waived." See Weiss v. Cedar Park Cemetery, 240
N.J. Super. 86, 102 (App. Div. 1990). It is not this court's obligation to
speculate about the underlying reasons for plaintiff's position or to construct her
argument for her. See Miller v. Reis, 189 N.J. Super. 437, 441 (App. Div. 1983)
(issues not briefed beyond conclusory statements need not be addressed).
To the extent we have not addressed plaintiff's remaining arguments, we
are satisfied they lack sufficient merit to warrant discussion in a written opinion.
R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
Affirmed.
A-5147-18T1
7
AMY BARCHUE VS. EMMANUEL KPEHE (L-2721-17, MERCER COUNTY AND STATEWIDE)
Combined Opinion